Apodolirion is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae[4]). It consists of 6 species native to Southern Africa.[3]

Description

Illustration of Apodolirion buchanii

Vegetative characteristics

Apodolirion are bulbous plants[5] with tunicate bulbs.[1]

Generative characteristics

The fragrant,[6][7] ephemeral, tubular,[6] delicate, solitary, sessile flower has a perianth of six tepals.[1] The androecium consists of 6 stamens.[8] The gynoecium consists of 3 carpels.[1] The stigma is tri-lobed. The long, cylindrical, fragrant fruit bears many small, hard seeds.[8]

Cytology

The basic chromosome number is x = 6.[9]

Taxonomy

It was published by John Gilbert Baker in 1878.[1] The lectotype species Apodolirion buchananii (Baker) Baker was designated in 1951.[2] It is placed in the tribe Haemantheae.[8][10] Apodolirion and Gethyllis may represent a single genus.[9]

Etymology

The generic name Apodolirion means "stemless flower".[11]

Species

It has six species:[3]

Ecology

Habitat

It occurs in the summer rainfall regions of South Africa.[8]

Pollination

The flowers are pollinated by bees.[7]

Seed dispersal

The seeds are dispersed by ants.[7]

Conservation

Apodolirion amyanum is classified as Endangered (EN) according to the Red List of South African plants.[11]

Uses

A. buchananii (known as "Natal Crocus") is cultivated as an ornamental plant. It is a small plant with solitary flowers, that bloom in spring.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Baker, JG (1878). "On two new genera of Amaryllidaceae from Cape Colony". Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. 16: 74–77.
  2. ^ a b Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-b). Apodolirion Baker. Tropicos. Retrieved February 11, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/40017815
  3. ^ a b c Apodolirion Baker. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved February 11, 2025, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1342-1
  4. ^ Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae
  5. ^ Apodolirion. (n.d.). Pacific Bulb Society. Retrieved February 11, 2025, from https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/apodolirion
  6. ^ a b Iziko Museums of South Africa. (n.d.). Apodolirion. Biodiversity Explorer. Retrieved February 11, 2025, from https://www.biodiversityexplorer.info/plants/amaryllidaceae/apodolirion.htm
  7. ^ a b c Kiepiel, I., & Johnson, S. D. (2024). Scent‐mediated bee pollination and myrmecochory in an enigmatic geophyte with pyrogenic flowering and subterranean development of fleshy fruits. American Journal of Botany, 111(11), e16421.
  8. ^ a b c d Meerow, A. W., & Clayton, J. R. (2004). Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 244(3/4), 141–155. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23645270
  9. ^ a b Conrad, F. E. R. O. Z. A. H., Reeves, G. A. I. L., Snijman, D. A., & Hedderson, T. A. (2006). Genetic relationships within the tribe Haemantheae (Amaryllidaceae) based on plastd DNA sequence data. Taxonomy and ecology of African plants, their conservation and sustainable use, 73-83.
  10. ^ USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomygenus?id=857. Accessed 11 February 2025.
  11. ^ a b South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). (n.d.-a). Apodolirion amyanum. PlantZAfrica. Retrieved February 11, 2025, from https://pza.sanbi.org/apodolirion-amyanum
Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apodolirion
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