Events from the year 1953 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 42 according to the official Republic of China calendar.

• President – Chiang Kai-shek
• Vice President – Li Zongren
• Premier – Chen Cheng
• Vice Premier – Chang Li-sheng

• 24 January – The opening of Xiluo Bridge connecting Changhua County and Yunlin County.

• 10 September – Yulon Motor Co., Ltd. was established in Taiwan.

• 27 November – Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea, visited Taiwan and met with Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Republic of China.

• 1 January – Lu Chia-chen, member of Legislative Yuan (2008–2016)
• 5 February – Wei Kuo-yen, Minister of Environmental Protection Administration (2014–2016)
• 12 February – Katharine Chang, Chairperson of Straits Exchange Foundation (2018–2020)
• 22 February – Tan Ai-chen, actress
• 12 March – Chiang Mu-tsai, manager of Chinese Taipei national football team (1994–2000)
• 16 March – Lee Ying-yuan, Minister of Environmental Protection Administration (2016–2018)
• 5 April – Shu Chin-chiang, Chairperson of Taiwan Solidarity Union (2005–2006)
• 12 April
  • Chiu Kuo-cheng, Director-General of National Security Bureau
  • Wu Hsing-kuo, actor
• 6 May – Lee Chu-feng, Magistrate of Kinmen County (2001–2009)
• 24 May – Chen Wei-zen, Minister of the Interior (2014–2016)
• 13 June – Hsu Ming-tsai, Mayor of Hsinchu City (2009–2014)
• 29 June – Teresa Teng, singer
• 10 July – Su Chih-fen, Magistrate of Yunlin County (2005–2014)
• 17 July – Chiau Wen-yan, member of 8th Legislative Yuan
• 21 July – Sylvia Chang, actress, writer, singer, producer and director
• 20 August – Fong Fei-fei, former singer and actress
• 22 August – Huang Chao-shun, member of Legislative Yuan
• 20 September – Lai Feng-wei, Magistrate of Penghu County
• 24 October – Shih Szu, actress
• 25 October – Ding Kung-wha, Chairperson of Financial Supervisory Commission (2016)
• 10 November – Chen Bao-ji, Minister of Council of Agriculture (2012–2016)

• 19 November – Wu Tiecheng, Vice Premier of the Republic of China (1948–1949).