Didwana is a municipal council in Didwana-Kuchaman district of Rajasthan, India. Known as the lion gateway of Marwar and the archway of Merta, it is mentioned in puranic texts as Abhanagri and Upakashi. It is situated on the northern side of the Didwana Salt lake. It was administered as a tehsil of Nagaur district before being becoming a district. Didwana is also the temporary district headquarters of the Didwana-Kuchaman district.^{[citation needed]}

The people of Didwana speak the Rajasthani language Marwadi, a dialect in the Indo-Aryan language family, which is similar to Hindi.

Didwana is located at 27°24′N 74°34′E / 27.4°N 74.57°E / 27.4; 74.57.^[1] It has an average elevation of 336 meters (1102 feet). The city is divided into 40 Wards. It is an important station of the Jodhpur-Delhi Broad gauge rail route of North West Railway Jodhpur division.

As of the 2011 Indian census,^[2] Didwana is a district in the state of Rajasthan.

As per the 2021 Aadhar estimates, Didwana's population in 2021 was 492,284. According to 2011 census of India, total Didwana population was 397,003 people, of whom 202,303 were male and 194,700 were female. The population of Didwana in 2020 is 476,404. Literate people were 226,426, of whom 139,916 were male and 86,510 were female. Total workers were 155,998 out of whom 97,012 were men and 58,986 were women. Total 43,918 cultivators were depended on agriculture farming out of 29,277 were cultivated by men and 14,641 were women. 9,932 people worked in agricultural land as a labour in Didwana, men were 7,430 and 2,502 were women. Didwana had an average literacy rate of 62%, more than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 70% and female literacy was 54%. In Didwana, 17% of the population were under 6 years of age.

In India, specifically in the Didwana region of Rajasthan, hand axes resembling those found in the Shiwalik Range have been discovered, dating back around 400,000 years. Analysis of the desert soil layers and other evidence has uncovered a link between the prevailing climates and the technological progressions observed in the Paleolithic period. Didwana has preserved lower Paleolithic artifacts in both primary and semi-primary contexts. Through geological stratigraphy of aeolian and playa sediments, hand axes found in stratified contexts have been dated to the Middle Pleistocene. To understand the technological evolution of the Acheulian culture in this area, 301 hand axes from 10 locations were studied using Roe's methodology, supplemented with additional attributes. Variations in size, shape, and refinement were noted among the collections. Statistical analyses, diagrams, factor assessments, and cluster analyses indicate a technological evolution within the assemblages, helping to establish the chronology of the sites. In comparison to other known Indian sites, these hand axes may align with cultural stages ranging from early Acheulian to very late Acheulian or even early Middle Paleolithic.^[3][4]