Events from the year 1901 in Russia.

• Monarch – Tsar Nicholas II
• Chairman of the Committee of Ministers – Ivan Durnovo

• 26 May – Russian cruiser Boyarin launched without presence of the Imperial Russian Army.
• 7 September – End of the Boxer Rebellion.

• 17 January – Aron Gurwitsch, a Litvak American phenomenologist. (died 1973)
• 4 February – Alexander Werth, writer, journalist, and war correspondent. (died 1969)
• 15 May – Boris Berman (chekist), chekist and leading member of the NKVD.
• 18 June – Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia, youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II (died 1918)
• 20 June – Princess Nina Georgievna of Russia, elder daughter of Grand Duke George Mikhailovich and Grand Duchess Maria Georgievna of Russia who spent her life in exile (died 1974)
• 15 August – Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia, nephew of Tsar Nicholas II. (died 1980)
• September 14 – Andrey Vlasov, Russian general of Red Army who later led the Russian Liberation Army against the U.S.S.R. (died 1946)
• 10 December
  • Vladimir Boyarsky, a collaborator with Nazi Germany during World War II, serving in Andrey Vlasov's Russian Liberation Army. (died 1945)
  • Karandash, famous Soviet clown and was the teacher of the famous Russian clowns Oleg Popov and Yuri Nikulin. (died 1983)
• 22 December – Andre Kostelanetz, Russian-born American popular orchestral music conductor and arranger. (died 1980)

• Aleksey Alchevsky, Ukrainian entrepreneur who founded the first finance group in Russia. (born 1835)
• Sergei Mihailovich Dukhovskoi, military officer. (born 1838)
• 12 March – Aleksei Aleksandrovich Kozlov, philosopher (born 1831)
• 15 March – Nikolay Bogolepov, jurist and Minister of National enlightenment. (born 1846)
• 12 August – Nikolay Baranov, lieutenant general, Mayor of Saint Petersburg, Governor of Nizhny Novgorod and Arkhangelsk, and Senator. (born 1837)

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