Máximo Pacheco Miranda (1905–1992) was a Mexican painter of Otomi heritage associated with the Mexican muralism movement in the post-Revolutionary period of the early 20th century.
Life
Máximo Pacheco Miranda was born into a family with Otomi roots in Huichapan, Hidalgo, in 1905.[1] After a difficult childhood – his mother died young and his father enrolled as a revolutionary with the forces of Francisco Villa – he relocated to Mexico City in 1918 and enrolled in the National School of Fine Arts. There, he began to associate with the artists behind the incipient muralism movement.[2][3]
Pacheco was one of Diego Rivera's assistants on the murals he painted at the offices of the Secretariat of Public Education in central Mexico City between 1923 and 1929 and at the main campus of Chapingo Autonomous University in Texcoco, State of Mexico, between 1923 and 1927. He also assisted Fermín Revueltas with his murals at the National Preparatory School in Mexico City.[2]
His first independent commission was a series of frescoes at Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Primary School[a] in the Jardín Balbuena neighbourhood of Mexico City, which opened its doors in 1927.[1] He also painted a fresco for the library of Secretary of Public Education José Manuel Puig Casauranc[b] at his home in Lomas de Chapultepec and, alongside Jesús Guerrero Galván, Raúl Anguiano and Roberto Reyes Pérez, a series of murals for the headquarters of the Emiliano Zapata Campesino Confederation in the city of Puebla in 1935.[6][7]
Between 1925 and 1950 more than 150 murals painted at public schools were destroyed by the Secretariat of Public Education (SEP) and many others have been irreparably damaged; much of Pacheco's work met that fate, and many of his artworks have survived only in photographs taken by Tina Modotti.[8]
In 1938, acting on medical advice, Pacheco stopped painting and took up teaching in a position awarded to him by the SEP. He died in 1992.[3]
Legacy
A gallery at the Regional Cultural Centre in his home town of Huichapan bears Pacheco Miranda's name.[9]
Notes
- ^ Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, an educational theorist and member of the Generation of 1837 intellectual circle, was President of Argentina from 1868 to 1874.[4]
- ^ Puig Casauranc served two terms as education secretary: 1924–1928 and 1930–1931.[5]
References
- ^ a b Ivanovna Pavliukóva 2010, p. 23.
- ^ a b Rodríguez y Méndez 2014, p. 29.
- ^ a b Colección Blaisten.
- ^ Kiss 2024.
- ^ Pérez Ricart 2011, p. 68.
- ^ El Universal 1935.
- ^ Rodríguez y Méndez 2014, p. 30.
- ^ Rodríguez y Méndez 2014, p. 33.
- ^ Vargas 2025.
- Sources
- Colección Blaisten (n.d.). "Máximo Pacheco, 1905–1992". Retrieved 18 March 2025.
- El Universal (4 December 1935). "El edificio de la confederación campesina Emilano Zapata, de Puebla, fue decorado". Documents of Latin American and Latino Art. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
- Ivanovna Pavliukóva, Larissa (30 April 2010). "Murales de Máximo Pacheco en la Escuela Primaria Domingo Faustino Sarmiento: sobreviviendo al olvido". Crónicas (1). Mexico City: National Autonomous University of Mexico.
- Kiss, Teresa. "Generación del 37". Enciclopedia Humanidades. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
- Pérez Ricart, Carlos Alfonso (2011). La (s) derecha (s) en la educación en México: 1917–1939. Mexico City: El Colegio de México. p. 68. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
- Rodríguez y Méndez, María de las Nieves (2014). "Tina Modotti y el muralismo mexicano: Máximo Pacheco" (PDF). Theoria (in Spanish). 23 (1). Concepción: Universidad del Biobío: 27–34. ISSN 0717-196X.
- Vargas, Gustavo (4 February 2025). "Fragmentos de un Todo, muestra de artes visuales en Huichapan". El Sol de Hidalgo. Organización Editorial Mexicana. Retrieved 18 March 2025.