Coast Miwok was one of the Miwok languages spoken in California, from San Francisco Bay to Bodega Bay.[3] The Marin and Bodega varieties may have been separate languages. All of the population has shifted to English.

Grammar

According to Catherine A. Callaghan's Bodega Miwok Dictionary, nouns have the following cases, expressed with suffixes: present subjective, possessive, allative, locative, ablative, instrumental, and comitative. Sentences are most commonly subject-verb-object, but Callaghan says that "syntax is relatively free".[4]

Phonology

The following is the Bodega dialect:

Consonants
Labial Dental Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Stop plain p t̪ ⟨t⟩ t̠ ⟨ṭ⟩ k ʔ ⟨'⟩
voiced (b) (d) (ɡ)
Affricate tʃ ⟨c⟩
Fricative (f) s ʃ ⟨ṣ⟩ h
Tap (ɾ) ⟨r⟩
Approximant w l j ⟨y⟩

Phonemes in parentheses are introduced from Spanish loan words. Allophones of introduced sounds, /b ɡ/ include /β ɣ/.[4]

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a

References

  1. ^ Coast Miwok at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Hinton, Leanne (1996). Flutes of fire: essays on California Indian languages (2nd print., rev ed.). Berkeley, California: Heyday Books. ISBN 978-0-930588-62-5.
  3. ^ Coast Miwok at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  4. ^ a b Callaghan 1970.

Bibliography

  • Callaghan, Catherine A. (1970). Bodega Miwok Dictionary. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Coast Miwok Indians. "Rodriguez-Nieto Guide" Sound Recordings (California Indian Library Collections), LA006. Berkeley: California Indian Library Collections, 1993. "Sound recordings reproduced from the Language Archive sound recordings at the Language Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley".
  • Keeling, Richard (1985). Ethnographic Field Recordings at Lowie Museum of Anthropology. Vol. 2: North-Central California: Pomo, Wintun, Nomlaki, Patwin, Coast Miwok, and Lake Miwok Indians. Berkeley: Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California.
Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Miwok_language
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