The Capitan Grande Reservation is a Kumeyaay Indian reservation in San Diego County, California, jointly controlled by the Barona Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians and the Viejas Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians. The reservation is uninhabited and is 15,753 acres (63.75 km2) large,[1] located in the Cuyamaca Mountains and middle of Cleveland National Forest and west of Cuyamaca Peak.[2] The closest town is Alpine, California.[3]
History
The reservation was created by President Ulysses S. Grant, via executive order in 1875 for local Kumeyaay people.[1] Its name comes from the Spanish Coapan, which was what the area west of the San Diego River was called in the 19th century. The dry, mountainous and chaparral lands proved inhospitable.[2]
In 1931, the state flooded the heart of the reservation, creating El Capitan Reservoir.[3] Many Kumeyaay families had homes in the flood zone, and they petitioned Congress to prevent the loss of their land; however, Congress gave San Diego the right to buy the land without the local Kumeyaays' knowledge or consent.[4] The two tribes, Barona and Viejas, were forced to sell the land and with their proceeds they purchased their current reservations, the Barona Reservation and Viejas Reservation, respectively.[2]
In 1973, seven people lived on the reservation.[5]
Today
Today, the two tribes have a joint-trust patent of the remaining reservation.[4] It is undeveloped but serves as an ecological preserve.[2]
2020 census
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[6] | Pop 2010[7] | Pop 2020[8] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Bibliography
- Pritzker, Barry M. (2000). A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19513-877-1.
- Eargle, Dolan H. Jr. (1992). California Indian Country: The Land & the People. San Francisco: Tree Company Press. ISBN 978-0-93740-120-0.
- Shipek, Florence C. (1978). "History of Southern California Mission Indians". In Heizer, Robert F. (ed.). Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 8: California. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 610–618. ISBN 978-0-16004-574-5.
References
- ^ a b Pritzker 2000, p. 146.
- ^ a b c d Eargle 1992, p. 202.
- ^ a b "California Indians and Their Reservations: C". San Diego State University Library & Information Access. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
- ^ a b "Kumeyaay History". Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians. Archived from the original on December 1, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
- ^ Shipek 1978, p. 612.
- ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Capitan Grande Reservation Reservation, California". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Capitan Grande Reservation Reservation, California". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Capitan Grande Reservation Reservation, California". United States Census Bureau.
External links
- Barona Band of Mission Indians, official website
- Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians, official website
32°55′33.54″N 116°43′45.58″W / 32.9259833°N 116.7293278°W
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