The year 1687 in music involved some significant events.

• January 30 – Louis XIV's entrance into the city hall inspires André Raison to write his offertory, subtitled "Vive le Roi de Parisiens" ("Long live the King of Parisians").
• During a performance of his own Te Deum, Jean-Baptiste Lully injures his foot with the point of his cane; this results in death from gangrene a few weeks later.
• Jean-Nicolas Francine, Lully's son-in-law, becomes director of the Paris Opera.

• Angelo Berardi – Documenti armonici
• Le Sieur Danoville – L'Art de toucher le dessus et le basse de violle
• Jean Rosseau – Traité de la viole

• John Blow – Ode for New Year's Day
• Dieterich Buxtehude
  • Bedenke Mensch das Ende, BuxWV 9
  • Der Herr ist mit mir, BuxWV 15
  • Domine salvum fac regem, BuxWV 18
  • Eins bitte ich vom Herrn, BuxWV 24
  • Herren vår Gud, BuxWV 40
• Marc-Antoine Charpentier
  • Regina coeli, H.30
  • Sub tuum praesidium, H.352
• Michel Richard Delalande – Super flumina Babylonis, S.13
• Giovanni Antonio Gianettini – L'uomo in bivio
• Elisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre – Pièces de clavecin, Livre 1
• Nicolas Lebègue – Pieces de Clavessin, Livre 2
• Isabella Leonarda
  • Mottetti a 1, 2 e 3 voci con violini, e senza, Op.13
  • Motetti a voce sola, Op.14
• Bernardo Pasquini – I fatti di Mosè nel deserto
• Henry Purcell
  • Sound the Trumpet, Beat the Drum, Z.335
  • Oh Solitude, Z.406
  • Suite in G major, Z.662
  • A Song Tune, ZT.695
• Johann Adam Reincken – Hortus Musicus
• Gregorio Strozzi – Capricci da sonare cembali et organi
• Giovanni Battista degli Antoni
  • Ricercate, Op. 1, one of the earliest examples of music for solo cello
  • Versetti per tutti li tuoni, tanto naturali, Op. 2, one of the largest Italian publications of liturgical organ versets of the era

• Antonio Draghi – La vendetta dell'onestà
• Giuseppe Fabrini – Lodovico
• Jean-Baptiste Lully, Pascal Collasse – Achille et Polyxène
• Carlo Pallavicino – La Gerusalemme Liberata
• André Danican Philidor – Le Canal de Versailles
• Bernardo Sabadini – Didio Giuliano
• Agostino Steffani – Alarico

• February 1 – Johann Adam Birkenstock, violinist and composer (died 1733)
• June 7 – Gaetano Berenstadt, castrato singer (died 1734)
• July 16 – Paolo Antonio Rolli, librettist (died 1765)
• c. August 26 – Henry Carey, poet, dramatist, songwriter and theatrical composer (suicide 1743)
• October 12 – Sylvius Leopold Weiss, lutenist and composer (died 1750)
• November 23 – Jean Baptiste Senaillé, violinist and composer (died 1730)
• December 5 – Francesco Geminiani, composer (died 1762)
• December 26 – Johann Georg Pisendel, composer (died 1755)
• date unknown
  • Willem de Fesch, musician and composer (died 1761)
  • William Hine, composer (died 1730)
  • Charles King, musician and composer (died 1748)
  • François-Augustin de Paradis de Moncrif, librettist (died 1770)

• March 22 – Jean-Baptiste Lully, composer (born 1632)
• March 28 – Constantijn Huygens, Dutch poet and composer (born 1596)
• April 25 – Johannes Caioni, priest, musician and organ repairer
• August 24 – Michael Wise, composer (born c. 1647)
• December 5 – Ercole Bernabei, composer (born 1622)
• date unknown
  • John Gamble, court musician and composer
  • Giovanni Battista Granata, guitarist and composer (born c.1621)
  • Gregorio Strozzi, composer (born 1615)
  • Michael Wise, organist and composer (born 1648)
  • Giovanni Antonio Pandolfi Mealli (1624-1687)