Sporosarcina is a genus of bacteria.
Specification
The cells of the species of Sporosarcina are either rod-shaped or coccoid.[1] Sporosarcina forms endospores. The majority species of Sporosarcina is moveable (motile).
Metabolism
All species of Sporosarcina are heterotrophic. They do not perform photosynthesis.[1] A few species are obligate aerobic, they need oxygen. Others are facultative aerobic, they can also perform metabolism in the absence of oxygen.[1]
Ecology
Some species, such as S. ureae have the enzyme urease and are thus able to break down urea.[1] The species forms the highest population densities in soils that are subject to influence of urine. These include, for example, meadows where cattle are kept. Thus S. ureae plays an important role in the ecosystem.[2]
Molecular Signatures
Analyses of genome sequences of Sporosarcina species identified eight conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are uniquely present in this genus in the proteins aspartate–tRNA ligase, A/G-specific adenine glycosylase, thymidylate synthase, RDD family protein, DEAD/DEAH box helicase, membrane protein insertase YidC, cytochrome b6, and a hypothetical protein.[3] These molecular signatures provide a novel and reliable method to molecularly distinguishing Sporosarcina species from other genera in the family Caryophanaceae and other bacteria.
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[4] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[5]
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024[6][7][8] | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220[9][10][11] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Unassigned species:
- "S. ginsengisoli" Achal et al. 2012
- "S. jeotgali" Yang et al. 2024
- "S. oncorhynchi" Yang et al. 2024
- "S. sphaerica" Gupta & Patel 2019
- "S. trichiuri" Yang et al. 2024
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Garrity, George M. (2009). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: The Firmicutes, Volume 3 of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.
- ^ Schlegel, Hans G. (1992). Allgemeine Mikrobiologie. ISBN 3-13-444607-3.
- ^ Gupta, Radhey S.; Patel, Sudip (2020-01-14). "Robust Demarcation of the Family Caryophanaceae (Planococcaceae) and Its Different Genera Including Three Novel Genera Based on Phylogenomics and Highly Specific Molecular Signatures". Frontiers in Microbiology. 10: 2821. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02821. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 6971209. PMID 32010063.
- ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Sporosarcina". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
- ^ Sayers; et al. "Sporosarcina". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
- ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 10 December 2024.
- ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 10 December 2024.
- ^ "LTP_10_2024 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2024.
- ^ "GTDB release 09-RS220". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ "bac120_r220.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
