For other uses, see Red cell (disambiguation).

Red Cell, formally designated as OP-O6D,[1][2] was a classified United States Navy (USN) military unit designed to test the security of USN facilities. Created and led by former SEAL Team Six commander Richard Marcinko in early 1984,[2] Red Cell conducted staged attacks against naval installations, including ships and nuclear submarines.

Etymology

"Red Teams" or "Red Cells" are United States government terms for National Security Co-ordination Teams (NSCT). These teams or units are designed to test the effectiveness of American tactics or personnel. In a war game, Red Cell can also refer to the opposing side.[3]

The name was derived from "Red Team", a term for the opposing force in a war game by Western states during the Cold War, a reference to the predominantly red flags of Communist states (i.e., the USSR and PRC) with the Western forces being the Blue Team. The Warsaw Pact countries used the same colors, but reversed meaning—they were the Red Team and the opposing force was the Blue Team.[4]A new Red Cell team was formed by the CIA following the 9/11 attacks to brainstorm ways to attack America. The goal of renovating the former Red Cell team was to produce better security measures to prevent them. Novelist Brad Meltzer was recruited to write plots as part of this program.[5]

History

Formation

On July 5, 1983, Commander Richard Marcinko relinquished command of SEAL Team Six to Captain Robert Gormly after leading the unit for three years.[6][2] Following the change in command, Vice Admiral James "Ace" Lyon met with Marcinko in early 1984 to discuss naval complacency towards the threat of a terrorist attack. Marcinko was given the authority to form a new highly classified unit, officially designated OP-06D, that was designed to demonstrated how unprepared the Navy was against terrorism by conducting mock attacks against naval installations.[7][2] Marcinko would later give OP-06D the unofficial name of "Red Cell".

Red Cell was composed of fourteen members; thirteen members were former members of SEAL Team Six, while the remaining member was a Force Recon Marine.[8][2] The unit was assigned to the Pentagon and reported directly to Admiral Lyons, and had no single base or headquarters.[8][2] According to Marcinko in his autobiography Rogue Warrior, Red Cell's unofficial headquarters was a bar named Shooter McGee's, located in Alexandria, Virginia.[2]

Red Cell members demonstrated the vulnerabilities of military bases and would regularly use false IDs, dismantle fences, barricade buildings, take hostages, and kidnap high-ranking personnel. Additionally, Red Cell planted bombs near Air Force One and snuck into submarine bases and took them over. Their operations were recorded and subsequently displayed to base personnel. This was done to expose vulnerabilities that they should patch.[9] Realistic exercise scenarios executed around the world involved documentation using both civilian and military personnel. Remote, fixed and handheld, video cameras captured all aspects of the exercises and were used to compile quick-look after-action reviews as well as in-depth lessons learned catalogs.[citation needed]

The team was led by the former commander of SEAL Team Six (DEVGRU) Richard Marcinko until he was relieved of duty and charged with conspiracy, conflict of interest and misappropriating funds. Marcinko maintains that these were made-up allegations as part of a vendetta against him, due to anger felt at senior levels at how easily Marcinko and his team had infiltrated bases and procured top secret information from high-ranking individuals.[10] A high-ranking Navy official cited in People magazine said there was no vendetta and that "the general take was that Red Cell was a good thing."[11]

1986 kidnapping incident

On March 20, 1986, Red Cell team members kidnapped Ronald D. Sheridan, a civilian security guard who worked at Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach in Southern California, as part of an exercise to test the defenses of the base. They took him to a nearby hotel, where he was held for 30 hours and tortured: stripped, kicked, beaten, and repeatedly dunked into a flushing toilet and a bathtub filled with water. While, in theory, the kidnapping could prove a weakness, actually committing the torture served no useful purpose. In addition, the kidnapping was not even successful as a show of weakness; Sheridan's wife saw the suspicious men with a van and neutralized them[clarification needed] with her own pistol. She was prevented from shooting the would-be kidnappers by her husband calling her off and insisting it was part of an exercise, as he thought at the time it would be a brief matter. Since Sheridan was not naval personnel, he sued the government afterward.[12][13][14]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Cole 2022, p. 61.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Marcinko & Weisman 1993, chpt. 21.
  3. ^ DCDC Guidance Note: A Guide to Red Teaming. United Kingdom Ministry of Defence. 2010. p. 67.
  4. ^ Mariana Islands Range Complex: Environmental Impact Statement. United States Navy. 2010. p. 42.
  5. ^ Meltzer, Brad (January 1, 2011). "Author Brad Meltzer was recruited in government agency, 'horrified' at how easy it is to attack U.S." New York Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on March 2, 2025. Retrieved March 2, 2025.
  6. ^ Cole 2022, p. 54-56.
  7. ^ Cole 2022, p. 61-62.
  8. ^ a b Cole 2022, p. 62.
  9. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: RED CELL Security Training 1. YouTube.
  10. ^ Gormly, Robert A. (3 August 2010). Combat Swimmer: Memoirs of a Navy SEAL. New York: Penguin Group US. p. 185. ISBN 978-1-101-45994-2.
  11. ^ Gleick, Elizabeth (May 4, 1992). "Born to Raise Hell". People. Archived from the original on March 2, 2025. Retrieved March 2, 2025.
  12. ^ Babcock, Charles R. (August 11, 1987). "FINANCES OF SECRET NAVY TEAM PROBED". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 2, 2025. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  13. ^ Rose, Andy (March 19, 1987). "Civilian Sues U.S., Says He Was Beaten, Kidnaped in Exercise". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 2, 2025. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  14. ^ Willman, Martha L. (March 28, 1987). "Navy Weapons Base Guard, Wife Recall 30 Hours of Terror". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 2, 2025. Retrieved March 2, 2025.

Bibliography

  • Cole, Matthew (2022-02-22). Code Over Country: The Tragedy and Corruption of SEAL Team Six. New York: Bold Type Books. ISBN 978-1568589053.
  • Marcinko, Richard; Weisman, John (1993-03-01). Rogue Warrior. Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0671795931.
  • Gormly, Robert A. (2010-07-03). Combat Swimmer: Memoirs of a Navy SEAL. ‎ Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0451230140.
  • Lanning, Michael Lee (2002-10-29). Blood Warriors: American Military Elites. Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0345448910.
Allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Cell
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