Several ships have been named Takao (高雄):
- Japanese steam warship Kaiten No. 2, also called Takao Maru, a ship of the Tokugawa shogunate Navy in the Boshin War
- Japanese warship Takao Maru (1874), a transport ship of the early Imperial Japanese Navy
- Japanese cruiser Takao (1888), an unprotected cruiser in the early Imperial Japanese Navy
- Japanese battlecruiser Takao, a projected Amagi-class battlecruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy that was canceled under the terms of Washington Naval Treaty
- Japanese cruiser Takao (1930), lead ship of the Takao class of heavy cruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II
- Japanese minesweeper Takao Maru, a auxiliary minesweeper of the Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II
- Japanese submarine chaser Takao Maru, a auxiliary submarine chaser of the Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II
- SS Takao Maru (1927), a transport ship of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II