An interchromatin granule is a cluster in the nucleus of a mammal cell which is enriched in pre-mRNA splicing factors. Interchromatin granules are located in the interchromatin regions of mammal cell nuclei.[1][2][a] They usually appear as irregularly shaped structures that vary in size and number. They can be observed by immunofluorescence microscopy.[2][7]

Interchromatin granules are structures undergoing constant change, and their components exchange continuously with the nucleoplasm, active transcription sites and other nuclear locations.[2][7][8]

Research on dynamics of interchromatin granules has provided new insight into the functional organisation of the nucleus and gene expression.

Interchromatin granule clusters vary in size anywhere between one and several micrometers in diameter. They are composed of 20–25 nm granules[9] that are connected in a beaded chain fashion appearance by thin fibrils.

Interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) may represent small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) that have completed their maturation process and can be supplied to nearby areas containing perichromatin fibers where splicing is taking place.[7] Other proteins, such as RNA polymerase II and certain transcription factors, as well as poly-adenylated RNA may also be present.[2] The maturation of snRNPs takes place in part in Cajal bodies, and IGCs may donate splicing factors to the snRNP.[8]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Similar structures have been observed in the nuclei of insect embryos,[3] plant cells[4][5] and amphibian oocytes,[6] but the functional and molecular relationships are not fully established[1][2]

References

  1. ^ a b Thiry, M. (1995). "The interchromatin granules". Histology and Histopathology. 10 (4): 1035–1045. PMID 8573995. S2CID 24039241.
  2. ^ a b c d e Spector, David L.; Lamond, Angus I. (2011). "Nuclear Speckles". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 3 (2). doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a000646. PMC 3039535. PMID 20926517. Art. No. a000646.
  3. ^ Ségalat, L.; Lepesant, J.A. (1992). "Spatial distribution of the Sm antigen in Drosophila early embryos". Biology of the Cell. 75 (3): 181–185. doi:10.1016/0248-4900(92)90139-R.
  4. ^ Medina, Maria Asuncion; Morenzo Diaz de la Espina, Susana; Marin, Marta; Fernandez-Gomez, Maria Encarnacion (1989). "Interchromatin granules in plant nuclei". Biology of the Cell. 67 (3): 331–339. doi:10.1111/j.1768-322X.1989.tb00879.x.
  5. ^ Agredano-Moreno, Lourdes-Teresa; Segura-Valdez, María de Lourdes; Jiménez-Ramírez, Jaime; Jiménez-García, Luis-Felipe (2022). "Analysis of the Extranucleolar Ribonucleoprotein Particles of Cycas revoluta Thunb. (Cycadaceae) and Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. (Zamiaceae)". Botanical Sciences. 100 (3): 685–691. doi:10.17129/botsci.2991.
  6. ^ Gall, Joseph G.; Bllini, Michel; Wu, Zhen'an; Murphy, Christine (1999). "Assembly of the Nuclear Transcription and Processing Machinery: Cajal Bodies (Coiled Bodies) and Transcriptosomes". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 10 (12): 4385–4402. doi:10.1091/mbc.10.12.4385. PMC 25765. PMID 10588665.
  7. ^ a b c Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter (2008). Molecular Biology of the Cell (Fifth ed.). Garland Science. pp. 363–366. ISBN 978-0-8153-4105-5.
  8. ^ a b Morris, Glenn E. (2008). "The Cajal body". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1783 (11): 2108–2115. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.07.016.
  9. ^ Berezney, Ronald; Jeon, Kwang W. (1995). Nuclear Matrix: Structural and Functional Organization. Elsevier. pp. 111–. ISBN 9780123846204. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
Allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchromatin_granules
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