Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Pashto
The chart below explains how Wikipedia represents Pashto pronunciations with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Pashto phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Pashto.
Consonants
| IPA
|
Letter
|
Usual romanization
|
English approximation
|
| NW |
NE |
SW |
SE
|
| b
|
ب
|
b
|
bed
|
| d
|
د
|
d
|
day
|
| z
|
d͡z
|
ځ
|
dz
|
lads
|
| d͡ʒ
|
ج
|
j
|
jam
|
| ɖ
|
ډ
|
ḍ
|
day (retroflex)
|
| f
|
ف
|
f
|
fun
|
| ɡ
|
ګ
|
g
|
go
|
| ɣ
|
غ
|
ğ, ǧ
|
Spanish amigo
|
| h
|
ه
ح
|
h
|
hat
|
| j
|
ي
|
y
|
yes
|
| k
|
ک
|
k
|
king
|
| l
|
ل
|
l
|
left
|
| m
|
م
|
m
|
man
|
| n
|
ن
|
n
|
no
|
| ŋ
|
song
|
| ɳ
|
ڼ
|
ṇ
|
no (retroflex)
|
| p
|
پ
|
p
|
spit
|
| q
|
ق
|
q
|
cool (without voicing)
|
| r
|
ﺭ
|
r
|
run
|
| ɺ, ɻ, ɽ
|
ړ
|
ṛ
|
run (retroflex)
|
| s
|
س
ث
ص
|
s
|
see
|
| ʃ
|
ش
|
š
|
she
|
| ç
|
x
|
ʂ
|
ʃ
|
ښ
|
x̌, ṣ̌
|
she (retroflex)
|
| t
|
ت
ط
|
t
|
top
|
| s
|
t͡s
|
څ
|
c, ts
|
cats
|
| t͡ʃ
|
چ
|
č
|
chin
|
| ʈ
|
ټ
|
ṭ
|
top (retroflex)
|
| w
|
و
|
w
|
win
|
| x
|
خ
|
x
|
Bach (German)
|
| z
|
ز
ذ
ض
ظ
|
z
|
zoo
|
| ʒ
|
d͡ʒ
|
ʒ
|
ژ
|
ž
|
pleasure
|
| ʝ
|
ɡ
|
ʐ
|
ʒ
|
ږ
|
ǵ, ẓ̌
|
pleasure (retroflex)
|
| ◌̃
|
ں
|
̃ , ń
|
song
|
|
Diphthongss
| IPA
|
Letter
|
Usual romanization
|
English approximation
|
| ai
|
َی
|
ay
|
ice
|
| ɑi
|
آی
َای
|
āy
|
ice
|
| əi
|
ٙۍ
ٙئ
|
əy
|
face
|
| aw
|
َو
|
aw
|
loud
|
| ɑw
|
آو
َاو
|
āw
|
loud
|
| oɪ
|
وی
|
oy
|
boy
|
| uɪ
|
ُوی
|
uy
|
sweet
|
|
See also
|
|---|
|
| Comparisons | |
|---|
| Introductory guides | |
|---|
