Glycine betaine aldehyde, often simply called betaine aldehyde,[1] is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. The human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) stimulates the transformation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine. Betaine aldehyde is a substrate for choline dehydrogenase (mitochondrial).[2]

Chemical structure

Glycine betaine aldehyde is a short chain aldehyde and quaternary ammonium compound. It can be considered a derivative of the amino acid glycine. Its chemical formula is C5H12NO+.

Biological function

Glycine betaine aldehyde is a component of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. It also serves as an osmolyte.

It can be found in cytoplasm and mitochondria within the kidney, neurons, and stratum corneum.[3]

References

  1. ^ Betaine aldehyde Archived 2007-11-24 at the Wayback Machine, Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank
  2. ^ Yilmaz JL, Bülow L. (December 2002). "Enhanced stress tolerance in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana tabacum expressing a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase/choline dehydrogenase fusion protein". Biotechnol. Prog. 18 (6): 1176–82. doi:10.1021/bp020057k. PMID 12467448. S2CID 8054758.
  3. ^ [1], Human Metabolome Database
Allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betaine_aldehyde
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