| 199 by topic |
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| Leaders |
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Year 199 (CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was sometimes known as year 952 Ab urbe condita. The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Roman Empire
- Mesopotamia is partitioned into two Roman provinces divided by the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Osroene.[1]
- Emperor Septimius Severus lays siege to the city-state Hatra in Central-Mesopotamia, but fails to capture the city despite breaching the walls.[2][3]
- Two new legions, I Parthica and III Parthica, are formed as a permanent garrison.[4]
China
- Battle of Yijing: Chinese warlord Yuan Shao defeats Gongsun Zan.
Korea
- Geodeung succeeds Suro of Geumgwan Gaya, as king of the Korean kingdom of Gaya (traditional date).
By topic
Religion
- Pope Zephyrinus succeeds Pope Victor I, as the 15th pope.[5]
Births
Deaths
- February 7
- Chen Ji, Chinese official, scholar and politician
- Gongsun Zan, Chinese general and warlord[6]
- Qin Yilu (or Qin Yi), Chinese general
- Suro of Geumgwan Gaya, Korean ruler
- Tian Kai, Chinese official and general
- Yuan Shu, Chinese general and warlord[7]
References
- ^ Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro; Gargola, Daniel J.; Talbert, Richard J. A. (2004). The Romans: from village to empire. Oxford University Press. p. 410. ISBN 978-0-19-511875-9.
- ^ Kohn, George C. (2007). Dictionary of wars (3rd ed.). Infobase Publishing. p. 451. ISBN 978-0-8160-6577-6.
- ^ Bunson, Matthew (2002). Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire (2nd ed.). Infobase Publishing. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-8160-4562-4.
- ^ Erdkamp, Paul (2010). A Companion to the Roman Army. John Wiley and Sons. p. 272. ISBN 978-1-4443-3921-5.
- ^ Bunson, Matthew (2004). OSV's encyclopedia of Catholic history. Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. pp. 986–987. ISBN 978-1-59276-026-8.
- ^ Huang, Hongquan (1988). Anthology of Song Dynasty Ci-poetry. People's Liberation Army Pub. House. p. 542. ISBN 9787506506663.
- ^ Léon, Wieger (1928). Werner, Edward Theodore Chalmers (ed.). China throughout the ages. Hsien Press. p. 449.