The following events occurred in Belgium in the year 1855.

• Monarch: Leopold I
• Head of government: Henri de Brouckère (to 30 March); Pierre de Decker (from 30 March)

• 21 January – Fire at the Monnaie Theatre.
• 30 March – Pierre de Decker succeeds Henri de Brouckère as Prime Minister.
• 9 April – Royal Belgian Entomological Society founded.
• 12 June – Elections to the Senate
• 29 June – Telegraphic convention between Belgium, France and Prussia signed in Berlin.^[1]
• Collège Saint-François-Xavier established in Verviers.

Periodicals

• Almanach royal officiel (Brussels, H. Tarlier)^[2]
• Annales de pomologie belge et étrangère, vol. 3.^[3][4]
• Annuaire statistique et historique belge, vol. 2, edited by Auguste Scheler (Brussels, Kiessling-Schnee & Cie.)^[5]
• La Belgique Horticole, vol. 5.^[6]
• Bulletin de la Commission Centrale de Statistique (Brussels, M. Hayez)^[7]
• Collection de précis historiques, vol. 6, edited by Edouard Terwecoren^[8]
• Le Guide musical begins publication with Schott frères
• Messager des sciences historiques (Ghent, L. Hebbelynck)^[9]
• Pasicrisie ou recueil général de la jurisprudence des cours de France et de Belgique (Brussels, E. Bruylant., 1855)^[10]
• Pasinomie: collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, arrêtés et règlements généraux, edited by M. Ranwet (Brussels, Meline, Cans et Cie.)^[11]
• Vaderlandsch museum voor Nederduitsche letterkunde, oudheid en geschiedenis begins publication, edited by Constant-Philippe Serrure.^[12]

Books

• Hendrik Conscience, The Lion of Flanders, English translation (London, Lambert & co.)^[13]
• Hendrik Conscience, Tales of Old Flanders: Count Hugo of Craenhove and Wooden Clara (London, Lambert & co.)^[14]
• Walter Scott, France and Belgium (Edinburgh, Adam & Charles Black)^[15]
• Jean-Joseph Thonissen, La Belgique sous le règne de Léopold I, vol. 1 (Liège, J.-G. Lardinois)^[16]

Buildings

• Gustave Saintenoy, Quartier Leopold railway station, Brussels

Paintings

• Jean Carolus, Baby's First Steps
• Jean Carolus, The Finishing Touches
• Emile De Cauwer, Church Interior
• Henri Joseph Dillens, The Bird's Nest
• Charles Leickert, Coastal scene with fisherfolk
• Henri Leys, Home-Coming
• Alfred Stevens, The Painter and His Model
• Ildephonse Stocquart, Fleeing the Storm
• François Stroobant, Courtyard of the Palace of Margaret of Austria

• 14 March – Émile Wangermée, colonial officer (died 1924)
• 16 April – Edouard de Jans, painter (died 1919)
• 3 May – Amaat Joos, priest (died 1937)
• 9 May – Emilie Claeys, feminist (died 1943)
• 10 May – Anthony Bowlby, soldier (died 1929)
• 21 May – Émile Verhaeren, poet (died 1916)
• 9 July – Jakob Smits, painter (died 1928)
• 16 July – Georges Rodenbach, author (died 1898)
• 21 August – Auguste Toubeau, trade unionist (died 1912)
• 1 September – Eugène Boch, painter (died 1941)
• 3 September – Emilius Seghers, bishop of Ghent (died 1927)
• 4 September – Théophile Alexis Durand, botanist (died 1912)
• 6 October – Alexandre Delcommune, soldier (died 1922)
• 22 December – Victor Deguise, general (died 1925)

• 27 February – Louis Lambillotte (born 1796), Jesuit musicologist
• 24 April – Angelus de Baets (born 1793), painter
• 13 November – James Oliver Van de Velde (born 1795), bishop
• 20 December – Pierre-Ernest Dams (born 1794), politician