Zand dynasty
| Zand | |
|---|---|
 Emblem of Karim Khan Zand | |
 Dynastic flag of Karim Khan Zand | |
| Parent family | Zand tribe |
| Country | Zand Iran |
| Place of origin | Pari, Iran |
| Founded | 1751 |
| Founder | Karim Khan Zand |
| Final ruler | Lotf Ali Khan Zand |
| Titles | Vakil ol-Ra'aya Shah of Iran[a] |
| Traditions | Twelver Shia Islam |
| Deposition | 1794 |
The Zand dynasty (Persian: دودمان زندیان, romanized: Dudemān-e Zandiyān) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Karim Khan Zand (r. 1751–1779) of the Zand tribe of the Laks who ruled over Zand Iran.
Zand rulers
| No. | Name | Picture | Lifespan | Reigned from | Reigned until | Reign duration[b] | Succession | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1
|
Karim Khan | 
|
c. 1699–1779 (aged c. 80) |
1751 | 1779 | 28 years | Seized power over much of Iran[1][2] | |
2
|
Mohammad-Ali Khan | —
|
1760–c. 1792 (aged c. 32) |
1779 (22 March) |
1779 (19 June) |
<1 year (89 days) |
Son of Karim Khan. Joint co-ruler with his brother Abol-Fath Khan.[3][4][5] | |
3
|
Abol-Fath Khan | —
|
1755–1787 (aged 32) |
1779 (22 March) |
1779 (22 August) |
<1 year (153 days) |
Son of Karim Khan. Initially joint co-ruler with his brother Mohammad-Ali Khan.[3][4][5] | |
4
|
Sadegh Khan | 
|
c. 1705–1781 (aged c. 76) |
1779 (22 August) |
1781 (14 March) |
1 year | Brother of Karim Khan[6][7][5] | |
5
|
Ali-Morad Khan | 
|
c. 1740–1785 (aged c. 45) |
1781 (14 March) |
1785 (11 February) |
3 years | Member of the 'Hazāra' branch of the Zand family[6][7][5] | |
6
|
Jafar Khan | 
|
c. 1735–1789 (aged c. 54) |
1785 (11 February) |
1789 (23 January) |
3 years | Son of Sadegh Khan[8][7][5] | |
7
|
Seyd Morad Khan | 
|
c. 1765–1789 (aged c. 24) |
1789 (23 January) |
1789 (8 May) |
<1 year (105 days) |
Cousin of Ali-Morad Khan. Mutinied against Jafar Khan (leading to Jafar's death) and opposed the accession of Jafar's son, Lotf Ali Khan.[9][7][5] | |
8
|
Lotf Ali Khan | 
|
c. 1769–1794 (aged c. 25) |
1789 (8 May) |
1794 (November) |
5 years | Son of Jafar Khan.[9][7][5] | |
| Zand dynasty |
|
c. 1699–1794 (aged c. 95) |
1751 | 1794 | 43 years | |||
Lifespan and reign of Zand rulers
Family tree
| Budaq Khan | Bay Agha | Inaq Khan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allah Morad Khan | Bay Agha II | Zaki Khan Zand | Karim Khan Zand 1751–1779 | Sadegh Khan Zand 1779–1781 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Koda Morad Khan | Ali-Morad Khan Zand 1782–1785 | Akbar Khan Zand | Abol-Fath Khan Zand 1779 | Mohammad Ali Khan Zand 1779 | Jafar Khan Zand 1785–1789 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seyd Morad Khan 1789 | Rostam Khan Zand | Lotf Ali Khan 1789–1794 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes
References
- ^ Rajabi 2010, p. 33.
- ^ Perry 2011.
- ^ a b Rajabi 2010, pp. 109–112.
- ^ a b Busse 1983.
- ^ a b c d e f g Perry 2000.
- ^ a b Rajabi 2010, p. 113.
- ^ a b c d e Spuler 1977, p. 311.
- ^ Rajabi 2010, pp. 113–114.
- ^ a b Rajabi 2010, p. 114.
Sources
- Busse, H. (1983). "ABU'L-FATḤ KHAN ZAND". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
- Perry, J. R. (2000). "ZAND DYNASTY". Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition.
- Perry, J. R. (2011). "KARIM KHAN ZAND". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
- Rajabi, Parviz (2010). کریم خان زند و زمان او [Karim Khan Zand and His Era] (in Persian). Retrieved 2026-01-03.
- Spuler, Bertold (1977). Rulers and Governments of the World: Volume 2: 1492 to 1929. Bowker. ISBN 0-85935-009-6.