Kobylin

For other uses, see Kobylin (disambiguation).
Kobylin
Gothic Saint Stanislaus Kostka church in Kobylin
Gothic Saint Stanislaus Kostka church in Kobylin
Coat of arms of Kobylin
Coat of arms
Kobylin is located in Poland
Kobylin
Kobylin
Coordinates: 51°42′N 17°14′E / 51.700°N 17.233°E / 51.700; 17.233
Country Poland
VoivodeshipGreater Poland
CountyKrotoszyn
GminaKobylin
Town rightsbefore 1303
Area
 • Total
4.92 km2 (1.90 sq mi)
Population
 (2010)[1]
 • Total
3,130
 • Density636/km2 (1,650/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
63-740[2]
ClimateCfb
National roads
Websitehttp://www.kobylin.pl

Kobylin ([kɔˈbɨlʲin]) is a town in Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland,[3] with 3,130 inhabitants (2010).[1]

History

Document of granting town rights, ca. 1303

In the Early Middle Ages it was a market settlement,[4] which became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century, as part of the Greater Poland region. It was mentioned in documents from 1289.[5] Kobylin was granted town rights before 1303.[4][6] Initially, it was called Wenecja.[7] It was a private town administratively located in the Pyzdry County in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.[8] In 1456 a school was established at the Bernardine monastery.[7] Its graduates usually enrolled to the University of Kraków, Poland's oldest and leading university. Among them were professors of the University of Kraków: Maciej of Kobylin, who was a philosopher and one of the teachers of Nicolaus Copernicus, Piotr of Kobylin, author of the first known Polish textbook, and Andrzej Glaber [pl], translator of the first anatomical book published in the Polish language.[4][7] Famous fairs were held in Kobylin during the reign of King Sigismund II Augustus.[9] During the Thirty Years' War, Protestant refugees from Silesia settled in the town.[4] One of the greatest Polish Baroque poets Samuel Twardowski was buried in the Bernardine church.[9] The town was plundered by the Swedes during the Deluge and Great Northern War, and by the Russians during the Seven Years' War.[9]

Baroque Franciscan monastery

After the Second Partition of Poland, in 1793 it was annexed by Prussia. Following the successful Greater Poland uprising of 1806, it was regained by Poles and included in the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw, in 1815 it was re-annexed by Prussia.[4] Four annual fairs were held in Kobylin in the mid-19th century.[9] Local Poles took part in the Greater Poland uprising (1918–19),[7] after which Kobylin was integrated with Poland, shortly after it regained independence.

During World War II Kobylin was under German occupation from September 1939 to January 1945. The Germans expelled the Polish population to the General Government in the more eastern part of occupied Poland or imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps.[5] In November 1939, the Germans murdered six Poles from Biadki in the nearby forest.[10] The Germans also set up a camp for children taken from orphanages from Greater Poland and Pomerania (see Kidnapping of children by Nazi Germany).[5] A local Polish policeman was murdered by the Russians in the Katyn massacre in 1940.[11][12] The Polish resistance was active in Kobylin. The Grey Ranks printed and distributed Polish underground press there.[13]

Demographics

Transport

Kobylin lies on national road 36.

Kobylin has a station on the Leszno-Krotoszyn railway line.

References

  1. ^ a b c Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 104. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
  2. ^ "Oficjalny Spis Pocztowych Numerów Adresowych" (PDF). Poczta Polska (in Polish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2025.
  3. ^ "Główny Urząd Statystyczny" [Central Statistical Office] (in Polish). To search: Select "Miejscowości (SIMC)" tab, select "fragment (min. 3 znaki)" (minimum 3 characters), enter town name in the field below, click "WYSZUKAJ" (Search).
  4. ^ a b c d e "Kobylin - Dzieje Miast". Region Wielkopolska (in Polish). Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  5. ^ a b c "Kobylin". Encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  6. ^ Krzysztofik, Robert (2007). Lokacje miejskie na obszarze Polski. Dokumentacja geograficzno-historyczna (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-83-226-1616-1.
  7. ^ a b c d "Historia". Portal - UG Kobylin (in Polish). Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  8. ^ Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany (in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 2017. p. 1b.
  9. ^ a b c d e Plater, Leon (1846). Opisanie historyczno-statystyczne Wielkiego Księztwa Poznańskiego (in Polish). Lipsk: Księgarnia Zagraniczna. p. 241.
  10. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 275.
  11. ^ Jakubowski, Grzegorz, ed. (2006). Miednoje. Księga Cmentarna Polskiego Cmentarza Wojennego (PDF) (in Polish). Vol. 1. Warszawa: Rada Ochrony Pamięci Miejsc Walk i Męczeństwa. p. 415. ISBN 83-89474-06-9.
  12. ^ Gurianov, Aleksandr, ed. (2019). Убиты в Калинине, захоронены в Медном. Книга памяти польских военнопленных – узников Осташковского лагеря НКВД, расстрелянных по решению Политбюро ЦК ВКП(б) от 5 марта 1940 года (PDF) (in Russian). Vol. 1. Moscow: Общество «Мемориал». p. 538. ISBN 978-5-6041921-4-6.
  13. ^ Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945 (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. 1998. pp. 408–409. ISBN 83-85003-97-5.
  14. ^ Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 201.
  15. ^ Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 21.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobylin,_Posen