Taub is a surname. It may refer to:

• Abraham H. Taub (1911–1999), American mathematician and physicist
• Ari Taub (wrestler) (born 1971), Canadian Greco-Roman wrestler
• Ben Taub (1889–1982), American philanthropist and medical benefactor
• Daniel Taub (born 1962), Israeli Ambassador To The Court Of St James
• David Rosenmann-Taub (born 1927), Chilean poet, musician, and artist
• Edward Taub (born 1931), American behavioral neuroscientist
• Gadi Taub (born 1965), Israeli historian, author, screenwriter, and political commentator
• Gypsy Taub
• Henry Taub (1927–2011), American businessman and philanthropist
• Leandro Taub (born 1983), Argentine actor and author
• Richard Taub (1937–2020), American sociologist
• Robert Taub (born 1955), American concert pianist

• Chris Taub, fictional character on the Fox medical drama House

• Taub., taxonomic author abbreviation of Paul Hermann Wilhelm Taubert (1862–1897), German botanist
• Daub (surname)
• Taube (surname)
• Taubes (surname)