Orkney may refer to:

• Orkney, an archipelago in Scotland, also known as the Orkney Islands
  • Mainland, Orkney, the largest island in the Orkney archipelago
  • Orkney (Scottish Parliament constituency), the constituency for the Orkney Islands in the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh
  • Orkney Islands Council, the local authority for Orkney

• South Orkney Islands, a group of islands in the South Atlantic Ocean.

• Orkney, North West, a mining town in South Africa
• Orkney Snork Nie, a sitcom in Afrikaans set in Orkney, North West Province

• Rural Municipality of Orkney No. 244, Saskatchewan
• Orkney, Saskatchewan, a village

• Orkney, Kentucky

• Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency) the constituency for Orkney in the British Parliament in London
• Orkney Movement, part of an electoral coalition, the Orkney and Shetland Movement, formed for the 1987 UK general election
• Heart of Neolithic Orkney, a World Heritage Site on Mainland Orkney