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Dichloramine is a reactive inorganic compound with the chemical formula N H Cl₂. It is one of the three chloramines of ammonia, the others being monochloramine (NH₂Cl) and nitrogen trichloride (NCl₃). This yellow gas is unstable and reacts with many materials.^[1] It is formed by a reaction between ammonia and chlorine or sodium hypochlorite. It is a byproduct formed during the synthesis of monochloramine and nitrogen trichloride.

Synthesis

Dichloramine can be prepared by a reaction between monochloramine and chlorine or sodium hypochlorite:^[1]

NH₂Cl + Cl₂ → NHCl₂ + HCl

Dichloramine reacts with the hydroxide ion, which can be present in water or comes from water molecules, to yield nitroxyl and the chloride ion.^[2]

^ ^a ^b ^c Holleman-Wiberg: Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 102. Auflage, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1.
^ White, George Clifford (1986). The handbook of chlorination (2nd ed.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 169. ISBN 0-442-29285-6.

Nitrogen species
Hydrides	NH₃ NH₄⁺ NH₂⁻ N³⁻ NH₂OH N₂H₄ HN₃ N₃⁻ NH₅ (?)
Organic	NR₃ >C=NR −CONR₂ −CN HCN CN⁻ (CN)₂ H₂NCN HOCN HNCO HNCS CH₂N₂ –NO –NO₂
Oxides	NO / (NO)₂ N₂O₃ HNO₂ / NO⁻ ₂ / NO⁺ NO₂ / (NO₂)₂ N₂O₅ HNO₃ / NO⁻ ₃ / NO⁺ ₂ NO₃ HNO / (HON)₂ / N₂O²⁻ ₂ / N₂O H₂NNO₂ HO₂NO / ONOO⁻ HO₂NO₂ / O₂NOO⁻ NO³⁻ ₄ H₄N₂O₄ / N₂O²⁻ ₃
Halides	NF NF₂ NF₃ NF₅ (?) NCl₃ NBr₃ NI₃ FN₃ ClN₃ BrN₃ IN₃ NH₂F N₂F₂ NH₂Cl NHF₂ NHCl₂ NHBr₂ NHI₂
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide)