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Two-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1978. They were the first elections since 1968, as Parliament had extended Urho Kekkonen's term by four years.[1] The public elected presidential electors to an electoral college on 15 and 16 January.[2] The electors, in turn assembled in Helsinki on 15 February to formally elect the President. Urho Kekkonen, president since 1956, was re-elected on the first ballot by the electors.[1] The turnout for the popular vote was 64%.[3]
Kekkonen had in the spring of 1975 agreed to become the Social Democratic presidential candidate, and after that all the major Finnish political parties chose him as their candidate. Kekkonen's opponents, such as the Christian League's presidential candidate Raino Westerholm, claimed that Kekkonen's long presidency weakened the Finnish democracy. Over one-third of the Finnish voters abstained from voting, partly as a protest against Kekkonen's expected landslide victory.
The 77-year-old Kekkonen's health was already declining, although this was not easily noticeable in his public appearances.[4][5][6][7]
Results
Popular vote
| Party or alliance | Votes | % | Seats | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supporters of Urho Kekkonen | Social Democratic Party | 569,154 | 23.25 | 74 | ||
| Centre Party | 475,372 | 19.42 | 64 | |||
| Finnish People's Democratic League | 445,098 | 18.18 | 56 | |||
| National Coalition Party | 360,310 | 14.72 | 45 | |||
| Swedish People's Party | 88,054 | 3.60 | 12 | |||
| Liberals | 71,232 | 2.91 | 8 | |||
| Åland Coalition | 5,331 | 0.22 | 1 | |||
| Socialist Workers Party | 2,187 | 0.09 | 0 | |||
| Private Entrepreneurs' Party | 893 | 0.04 | 0 | |||
| Total | 2,017,631 | 82.41 | 260 | |||
| Finnish Christian League | 215,244 | 8.79 | 24 | |||
| Finnish Rural Party | 114,488 | 4.68 | 10 | |||
| Constitutional People's Party | 82,478 | 3.37 | 6 | |||
| Finnish People's Unity Party | 18,543 | 0.76 | 0 | |||
| Total | 2,448,384 | 100.00 | 300 | |||
| Valid votes | 2,448,384 | 99.11 | ||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 21,955 | 0.89 | ||||
| Total votes | 2,470,339 | 100.00 | ||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 3,844,279 | 64.26 | ||||
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | ||||||
Electoral college
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urho Kekkonen | Centre Party | 259 | 86.33 | |
| Raino Westerholm | Finnish Christian League | 25 | 8.33 | |
| Veikko Vennamo | Finnish Rural Party | 10 | 3.33 | |
| Ahti M. Salonen | Constitutional People's Party | 6 | 2.00 | |
| Total | 300 | 100.00 | ||
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | ||||
References
- ^ a b Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p630 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p606
- ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p624
- ^ Timo Vihavainen (2003) "The Welfare Finland" (Hyvinvointi-Suomi), pp883–884 in Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., A Small Giant of the Finnish History, WSOY
- ^ Pentti Virrankoski (2009) A History of Finland, Finnish Literature Society, p963
- ^ Aarno Laitinen et al., eds. (1981) Tamminiemi's Inheritance Dividers, Journalists Ltd
- ^ Seeger, Murray (1 February 1978). "Finland's Kekkonen Seems Indispensable". Los Angeles Times. p. I-A-1.
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