National Command Authority (NCA)

مقتدرہِ قومی کمان
Agency overview
Formed	2 February 2000 (25 years ago) (2000-02-02)[1]
Headquarters	Pakistan Secretariat in Islamabad
Annual budget	FY-26 federal budget
Agency executive	Lt-Gen. Yusuf Jamal Secretary of the National Command Authority
Parent agency	Ministry of Defence
Key document	The National Command Authority Act, 2010

The National Command Authority (NCA) is an independent federal agency responsible for safeguarding the national security of Pakistan through policy formation, force posturing, command, control, and operational decisions-making regarding Pakistan's nuclear weapons program.^[2][3]

With the Prime Minister of Pakistan as its Chairperson, the NCA maintains and enhances the safety control and security operational effectiveness of Pakistan's nuclear weapons stockpile, development plans, works on nuclear arms controls, finances, and nuclear security-related issues.^: 332.^[2][4]

Established in 2000 along with its certification secretariat, the Strategic Plans Division, the NCA was a direct successor to the Air Force Strategic Command, which was established by the then-Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Anwar Shamim in 1983.^[5]

After the nuclear weapons testings conducted in Ras Koh Range in 1998, the Pakistani national security strategists began discussing the idea towards a robust command and control oversight which would validate the operational deterrent.^: 329 The idea received more support since the secretive research and development complexes simultaneously worked on variety of weapon designs, often engage in intense competition and on overlapping issues.^: 330 The Joint Staff Headquarters (JS HQ) did established the directorates at the Army GHQ to provide safe control and command from being exploitation, politicisation, and infiltration from the regional adversaries to sabotage the nuclear weapons program.^[6]

In April 1999, Gen. Pervez Musharraf, then-Chairman joint chiefs and then-army chief, supported the proposal and submitted the overall report to the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif as a step towards an effective operational deterrent.^[5]

On 3 February 2000, the National Command Authority (NCA) was created through an executive action with the establishment of the National Security Council (NSC).^[1] The new federal agency was a result of amalgamating the previous cabinet-level Employment Control Committee (ECC) and the Development Control Committee (DCC) with the establishment of the strategic directorate– the Strategic Plans Division (SPD).^[7] The first secretary of National Command Authority was appointed when Lieutenant-General Khalid Kidwai was also named as director-general of the Strategic Plans Division.^{: 334–335}

In 2010, the National Command Authority's mandate was approved through a parliamentary legislation with the Prime Minister of Pakistan to act its Chief Executive (or Chairman), assisted by the principle civilian cabinet ministers of foreign affairs, defense, finance, and interior as the ex officio members.^: 334.^{[7][8][9][2][6]}

The National Command Authority (NCA) has mandated by the act of parliament to ensure its mission and operations regarding the national security.^[10]

• To manage Pakistan's nuclear weapons stockpile.
• To reduce regional danger from weapons of mass destruction and to promote nuclear safety and international nonproliferation.
• To authorize and provide guidance on undertaking of scientific and technological work; and to ensure the safe and reliable stockpile operations of the Strategic Forces.

The National Command Authority is mandate to provide consultancy to maintain the safety, security and effectiveness of the Pakistan's nuclear weapons stockpile.^{: 334–335} The NCA works on maintaining the existing nuclear deterrent by funding of the science experiments, engineering audits, and computer simulation of hydrodynamics events at its weapons development complexes while helping in guiding new weapons programs as required by the Ministry of Defense of Pakistan.^[10]

In the wake of controversies involving S. B. Mahmood (2001) and A. Q. Khan (2005), the two senior scientists in Pakistan's weapons program, the National Command Authority's role in nuclear nonproliferation became central and primary objective.^{: 336, 359 [4]} Since then, the NCA's mission has evolved into rapidly upgrading its personnel security oversight, clearance levels, and export control of the nuclear technology.^{: 336–337 [4]}

The NCA works with the international partners and the federal agencies to discover, protect, and or dispose of radiological and nuclear materials.^[10] Trusted partnership with the American National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) became a pivot and unique experience for Pakistan to enhance its understanding of export control of the sensitive nuclear technology and the nuclear security and safety to its nuclear enterprise.^: 338

The NCA consists of the organizational structure as provided by the known-source below:^[11]

The Strategic Plans Division (SPD) is a division that works on engineering audits and viability certification of the nuclear weapons that is the essence for validating the operational full spectrum nuclear deterrent.^: 330 The SPD follows the conventional military chain of command but integrated with the nuclear warfare strategy by working towards enabling the nuclear triad with the establishment of the three-tier strategic force commands.^{: 330–331} The SPD creates new weapons programs as required by the Pakistan's Ministry of Defense (MoD).^[5]

The NCA issues directives under the consultancy and after the nuclear weapons stockpile engineering audits certified by the Strategic Plans Division (SPD).^: 334 The SPD is a military directorate whose leadership comes directly as an external billet appointments from the Army GHQ at the request of the JS HQ.^{: 330–331}

In 1990, the Combat Development Directorate was created by the Pakistan Army, with Major-General Ziauddin Butt becoming its first director-general.^{: xvii [4]} The directorate concerning with nuclear weapons development and delivery mechanism reported directly to army chief or the chief of general staff.^{: 388 [4]} The combat development directorate functioned until 1998 with Lieutenant-General Zulfikar Ali Khan its final director when the Strategic Plans Division was created as a secretariat of the National Command Authority in 2000.^: x [4]

As of 2022, Lieutenant-General Yusuf Jamal is serving as the director-general of the Strategic Plans Division as well as serving as in capacity of Secretary of NCA.^[12] To address the physical security of the nuclear weapons, the SPD operates its own paramilitary unit, which has received training in past from the United States Department of Energy's Federal Protective Forces.^[5]

• Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction

• CSIS Missile Threat – Pakistan
• National Command Authority Act, 2010
• Global Security Report
• FAS Report