Neottia convallarioides
| Neottia convallarioides | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | Neottia |
| Species: | N. convallarioides
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| Binomial name | |
| Neottia convallarioides | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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List
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Neottia convallarioides is a species of orchid known by the common names broad-lipped twayblade and broad-leaved twayblade. It was formerly placed in the genus Listera, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, evolved within the same group,[3] and all species of Listera have been moved to Neottia.[4]
Description
It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing 10 to 35 centimeters tall. It has one pair of green oval leaves 2 to 7 cm long near the base of the stem. The inflorescence is a small raceme of green or yellow-green flowers. Each has 3 reflexed lance-shaped sepals, 2 similar petals, and a lobed, wedge-shaped labellum that measures 9 to 13 mm long. The plant sometimes forms large colonies, creating a groundcover.[5] It is known to hybridize with Neottia auriculata.[5]
Taxonomy
Neottia convallarioides was initially given the scientific name Epipactis convallarioides by Olof Swartz in 1800. In 1817 it was moved to the genus Neottia by Louis Claude Richard, giving the species its accepted name. Together with its genus it is classified in the family Orchidaceae. It has no accepted subspecies, but there is one among its 12 synonyms.[2]
| Name | Year | Rank | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bifolium convallarioides (Sw.) Nieuwl. | 1913 | species | ≡ hom. |
| Diphryllum convallarioides (Sw.) Kuntze | 1891 | species | ≡ hom. |
| Diphryllum eschscholtzianum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze | 1891 | species | = het. |
| Epipactis convallarioides Sw. | 1800 | species | ≡ hom. |
| Listera convallarioides (Sw.) Nutt. | 1818 | species | ≡ hom. |
| Listera convallarioides subsp. euconvallarioides Beauverd | 1925 | subspecies | ≡ hom., not validly publ. |
| Listera convallarioides f. trifolia P.M.Br. | 1995 | form | = het. |
| Listera eschscholziana Cham. & Schltdl. | 1828 | species | = het. |
| Neottia convallarioides f. trifolia (P.M.Br.) P.M.Br. | 2019 | form | = het. |
| Neottia eschscholziana (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud. | 1841 | species | = het. |
| Ophrys convallarioides (Sw.) W.Wight ex House | 1905 | species | ≡ hom. |
| Serapias convallarioides (Sw.) Steud. | 1821 | species | ≡ hom. |
| Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym | |||
Distribution and habitat
Neottia convallarioides can be found in moist habitats such as woods, forests, swamps, and streambanks. It is native to much of Canada and in parts of the United States (Alaska, the Great Lakes Region, New England, and the mountains of the West: Rockies, Cascades, Sierra Nevada, etc.). It also reportedly occurs in St. Pierre & Miquelon and on the Komandor Islands in the Bering Sea, part of the Russian Far East.[2][6][7]
References
- ^ NatureServe (3 October 2025). "Listera convallarioides". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 31 October 2025.
- ^ a b c "Neottia convallarioides (Sw.) Rich". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 October 2025.
- ^ Stace, Clive (2010), New Flora of the British Isles (3rd ed.), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5, p. 864
- ^ "Listera R.Br". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 October 2025.
- ^ a b Hoy, J. (2002). Conservation Assessment for Broad-leaved Twayblade (Listera convallarioides). USDA. White Mountain National Forest.
- ^ Flora of North America v 26 p 590, Broad-leaved twayblade, Listera convallarioides (Swartz) Nuttall ex Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina. 2: 494. 1823.
- ^ Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map, Neottia convallarioides