Mantharan Cheral Irumporai

Mantharan Cheral Irumporai
Yanai Katchai
Chera ruler
Reign
HouseChera dynasty

Mantharan Cheral Irumporai (Tamil: மாந்தரன் சேரல் இரும்பொறை, title "Yanai Katchai", fl. c. 215 CE[1][4]) was a ruler of the Chera dynasty in early historic south India (c. 1st - 4th century CE).[1][4]

He was a member of the Irumporai/Porai line, a collateral branch of the Chera family, which had its headquarters at Karuvur (Karur) in the interior Tamil country.[1][5] He is also described as the ruler of Thondi (on the Malabar Coast), the "land the mountain fence protects", and the king of Kuda Nadu.[5]

Mantharan Cheral was a contemporary of the Pandya ruler Nedum Chezhian II (early 3rd century CE[6]).[7][1] His death was famously portended by a falling star, possibly a comet or meteor.[5]

Career

Mantharan Cheral is portrayed as a warring ruler in the early Tamil literature (the Sangam Literature). He was hailed as "Yanai Katchai", meaning 'the One with an Eye-sight Like an Elephant'.[2]

In a battle of against the Pandya ruler Nedum Chezhian, Mantharan Cheral was defeated and taken captive. He was brought to the Pandya capital, Madurai. After his court trial there, he was imprisoned in a fort "inside a bamboo forest surrounded by the crocodile lake". The Chera later escaped, "unaided by strength and stratagem", returned to his country and "continued to rule his loving people in peace, plenty and harmony for many more uninterrupted years".[3][5]

Mantharan Cheral is said to have won a victory at location known as "Vilankil" (Puram 53).[5] In another battle against the Pandya ruler "Rajasuyamvetta" Perunnarkilli, Mantharan Cheral was again defeated (Puram 125).[5]

Death

The poet Kudalur Kizhar, who was present at the death of Mandaran Cheral, states that the king's death was foreshadowed by a falling star (possibly a comet or meteor) seven days prior to the event.[5]

"...after a bright falling star - with a leg erupting backward, appeared in the sky, amidst the Adu (Aries) constellation, from the first leg of a Karthikai starday - past midnight, through to the Anusham starday in the first fortnight of the month of Pankuni (Phalguna), neither moving north nor east, staying aput in solitude as an island, with the North star wandering, the Mulam star rising opposite and passing above it, and the Mrikasirisham star staying low over the port of Thondi, on the seventh day Mantharan Cheral Irumporai died suddenly..."[4]

The brightly visible meteor, which appeared during the months of March and April, might have been Halley's Comet of February–April 141 CE (under Aries across Phalguna).[8][9][5]

Quotes from Purananuru

  • ^ Purananuru: 20-22
  • ^ Purananuru: 229
  • ^ Purananuru: 229
  • ^ Purananuru: 0,22,32,53 & 229
  • ^ Purananuru: 20-22 & 53
  • .^ Purananuru: 20-22

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Subbarayalu, Y. (2014). "Early Tamil Polity". In Karashima, Noburu (ed.). A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 49–50.
  2. ^ Ravene, G. (1897). "The Appearance of Halley's Comet in AD 141". The Observatory. 20: 203–205.
  3. ^ Williams, John (1871). Observations of Comets: From BC 611 to AD 1640. Royal Astronomical Society.
  4. ^ a b Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: from the Stone Age to the 12th century. New Delhi: Pearson Longman. pp. 384–85. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Aiyar, K. G. Sesha (1937). "Yanaik-kat-Sey Mantaran-Ceral". Chera Kings of the Sangam Period. London: Luzac and Co. pp. 63–66.
  6. ^ Thapar, Romila. "India: History, Southern Indian Kingdoms". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  7. ^ Kanakasabhai, V. (1904). The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services.
  8. ^ Ravene, G. (1897). "The Appearance of Halley's Comet in AD 141". The Observatory. 20: 203–205.
  9. ^ Williams, John (1871). Observations of Comets: From BC 611 to AD 1640. Royal Astronomical Society.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantharan_Cheral_Irumporai