Grès à Voltzia

Grès à Voltzia
Stratigraphic range: Anisian
The Grès à Voltzia in the Carrière Royale near Soultz-les-Bains
TypeFormation
Unit ofUpper Buntsandstein
Sub-unitsGrès à meules, Grès à argilleux, Grès coquillier
UnderliesGrès coquillier
OverliesCouches intermédiaires
ThicknessOver 20 metres
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherClay, Silt, Dolomite
Location
CountryFrance

The Grès à Voltzia is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Triassic period, more specifically the Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic epoch. It represents a lagerstatte that is well known for its palaeoflora, which shares numerous similarities with palaeobotanical assemblages in the Iberian Peninsula.[1]

Paleobiota

Arthropods

Insects

Insects
Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Anisinodus A. crinitus Chironomoidea Earliest chironomoid known, fossils are all of larvae[2]
Archilimonia A. vogesiana, A. grauvogeliana Archilimoniinae (Limoniidae)[3] Formerly placed in its own family “Archilimonidae”[4]
Archostemata indet. Unapplicable Coleoptera Represented by 32 distinct forms, but unfortunately none of these can be named at present as they are only represented by isolated elytra[5]
Arlecoris A. louisi Arlecorinae (Naucoroidea) Earliest water bug known[6]
Baharellinus B. umbrosus Blattogryllidae (Grylloblattodea) Has a dark wing membrane[7]
Chauliodites C. aniscus Chaulioditidae (Grylloblattida)[7]
Dorniella D. elcanoides, D. apectinata, D. diluta, D. ovalis Blattogryllidae (Grylloblattodea) Most diverse grylloblattodean from the formation[7]
Embigryllus E. shcherbakovi Blattogryllidae (Grylloblattodea)[7]
Gallia G. alsatica Stem-Brachycera Earliest brachyceran known[8]
Galliagryllavus G. vogesiacus Gryllavidae (Ensifera) Similar to Gryllavus[9]
Grauvogelia G. arzevilleriana Grauvogeliidae (Diptera) Placed in an entirely separate infraorder (Grauvogeliomorpha) within Diarchineura (synonymous with the modern, broader Psychodomorpha), oldest known fly at time of discovery[10]
Laurentiptera L. gallica Liassophilidae (Mecoptera) Formerly placed in its own family “Laurentipteridae”[11]
Leaphis L. primus[6] Creaphididae (Aphidomorpha) Earliest aphid known, synonymous with the later named “Vosegus triassicus”[12]
Louisa L. nova Grauvogeliidae (Diptera) Similar to Grauvogelia[4]
Megakhosarodes M. vosgesicus Megakhosaridae (Grylloblattodea) Similar to the Permian M. zajsanicus[7]
Mesoplectopteron M. longipes Mesoplectopteridae (Ephemeroptera) Redescribed in a 2005 paper[13]
Minorella M. virgata Ephemeroptera incertae sedis Similar to modern Leptophlebiidae, but the fossils are not well-preserved enough for confident identification[13]
Palaeochresmoda P. grauvogeli Prochresmodidae (Phasmatodea) Earliest known stick insect at the time[14]
Palaeomesorthopteron P. pullus Mesorthopteridae (Grylloblattodea) Has dark wing membrane[7]
Prochoristella P. pilosa Permochoristidae (Mecoptera)[15] Named after the abundance of microchaetae on the wings[16]
Pseudopolycentropus P. triassicus Pseudopolycentropodidae Earliest pseudopolycentropodid known[16]
Reisia R. guillaumei Triadotypidae (Odonatoptera) Formerly placed in the genus “Triadotypus”[17]
Scleroblatta S. densa Argentinoblattidae (Blattodea)[18] Differentiated by a large costal vein[19]
Subioblatta S. undulata Subioblattidae (Blattodea) Caused a redescription of Subioblattidae in its original paper[20]
Tanus T. triassicus Nadipteromorpha (Psychodomorpha) Known from a fairly complete specimen, may be ancestral to Tanyderidae[4]
Toxodotes T. coloratus Toxodotidae (Ephemeroptera) Has coloured wingtips[13]
Transitoblatta T. reticulata Mancusoblattidae (Blattodea)[18] Transitional between Paleozoic and Mesozoic cockroaches[19]
Triassodotes T. vogesiacus Misthodotidae (Ephemeroptera) Similar to Misthodotes, but has shorter hind wings[13]
Triassoephemera T. punctata Triassoephemeridae (Ephemeroptera) Unusually has an unflattened body and double claws, unlike all modern mayfly larvae[13]
Triassomanthus T. parvulus Triassomanthidae (Ephemeroptera) Has long tusks like burrowing nymphs, but has legs not adapted for burrowing[13]
Triassonurus T. doliiformis Siphlonuridae Oldest siphlonurid known[13]
Triassoparacyrtophyllites T. bifurcatus Tuphellidae (Hagloidea) Similar to Paracyrtophyllites[9]
Triassophyllum T. leopardii Tettigoniidae Oldest tettigoniid known[21]
Vogerhypha V. blagoderovi, V. krzeminskorum Protorhyphidae (Bibionomorpha) Formerly placed in “Vymrhyphus”[8]
Vogesonympha V. ludovici Vogesonymphidae (Sinebranchia/Panephemeroptera)[22] Formerly classed as Pterygota incertae sedis, as it has a striking resemblance to Carbotriplura despite being vastly smaller[13]
Vosgesopterum V. arzvillerensis Blattogryllidae (Grylloblattodea)[7]
Voltziaephemera V. fossoria Voltziaephemeridae (Ephemeroptera) Likely a burrowing nymph, as evidenced by having tusks, but different from extant ones in its long and narrow wing pads[13]
Voltziahagla V. pseudofurcatus Haglidae Similar to Archaboilus[9]
Voltzialestes V. triasicus Voltzialestidae (Protozygoptera) First odonate from the formation[23]
Voltziapupa V. cornuta, V. tentata Grauvogeliidae? (Diptera) Known from pupae[2]

Misc. Arthropods

Misc. Arthropods
Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Anhelkocephalon A. handlirschi Cyclida Formerly interpreted as an isopod[24]
Antrimpos A. atavus Penaeidae[25] A fairly widespread prawn genus
A. speciosus from Solnhofen
Apudites A. antiquus Calmanostraca (Branchiopoda) Formerly placed within Triops cancriformis[26]
Triops cancriformis, a modern species which Apudites was originally classed within
Clytiopsis C. argentoratensis Erymidae Synonymised with two other species from the formation, which are likely larvae of this one[25]
Diaphanosoma D. rare Peracarida incertae sedis Previously thought to be a larval decapod[25]
Euestheria E. minuta minuta Euestheriidae (Spinicaudata) Shell valve resembles that of tellins in shape,[25] formerly placed in the genus “Isaura”[27]
Euthycarcinus E. kessleri Euthycarcinoidea First euthycarcinoid described, alongside the youngest and one of the most well-preserved[25]
Diagrammatic reconstruction of E. kessleri
Galloscorpio G. voltzi Galloscorpionidae (Scorpiones) One of the youngest known scorpions from an extinct superfamily[28]
Grauvogelocaris G. alsatica Stem-Diplostraca Resembles the Cambrian Rehbachiella somewhat in its combination of a carapace covering the head/thorax and a long abdomen[26]
Halicyne H. ornata Cyclida Similar to Anhelkocephalon[24]
Hannibaliulus H. wilsonae Callipodida? One of the few Mesozoic millipede fossils[29]
Limulitella L. bronni Limulidae? One of the few freshwater horseshoe crabs known[30]
Olesenocaris O. grauvogeli Stem-Diplostraca? Resembles the Cambrian Rehbachiella somewhat in its combination of a carapace covering the head/thorax and a long abdomen[26]
Palaega P. pumila Flabellifera Had strong mandibles, likely carnivorous[25]
Palaeolimnadia P. alsatica Limnadiidae Bears two different egg types; one larger and one smaller[25]
Palaeolimnadiopsis P. dictyonata Limnadiopsidae (Conchostraca) Relatively large, over 1 cm long[25]
Praeleaia P. sp Leaiidae (Conchostraca) Also similar to Estheriella[25]
Protobuthus P. elegans Protobuthidae (Buthoidea) Earliest known buthoid scorpion[28]
Holotype fossil of P. elegans
Rosamygale R. grauvogeli Hexathelidae Oldest known mygalomorph spider[31]
Schimperella S. beneckei, S. kessleri Mysida Differs from modern mysids in the lack of uropod statocysts[25]
Triasocaris T. peachi Syncarida Indeterminate family[25]
Triassinella T. aff. tsorfatia Glorianellidae (Podocopida) Fairly small, only around 0.75 mm long[25]

Misc. Invertebrates

Misc. Invertebrates
Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Enantiostreon E. difforme Prospondylidae (Pectinida)[32] Formerly placed within Terquemiidae[25]
Entolium E. discites Entoliidae Specimens vary in size between different localities[25]
Eunicites E. triasicus Leodicidae (Errantia) Likely quite tolerant to salinity variations similar to modern eunicids[25]
Hoernesia H. sp Bakevelliidae Also similar to Gervillia, but too poorly preserved to identify further[25]
Homaphrodite H. speciosa Aphroditidae Also resembles polynoids[25]
Homomya H. impressa, H. albertii Pholadomyidae Likely a burrower[25]
Lingula L. tenuissima[25] Lingulidae Lingula is a common example of a “living fossil”, however recent evidence suggests this is a result of misidentification[33]
L. tenussima fossil from the Muschelkalk
Loxonema L. obsoletum Loxonematidae Similar to L. detritum[25]
Loxonema sp. fossil
Modiolus M. sp. Mytilida Similar to M. triquetra, but longer[25]
The extant species Modiolus modiolus
Myophoria M. vulgaris Trigoniida Likely lived in muddy sediment like other trigoniids[25]
M. lineata fossil from Italy
Naticopsis N. gaillardoti Neritopsidae Most specimens are flattened in various planes[25]
Naticopsis fossil from Italy
Pleuromya P. elongata Pleuromyidae (Myida) Likely a burrower[25]
Progonionemus P. vogesiacus Limnomedusae One of the oldest freshwater hydrozoans known[34]
Reconstructions of Progonionemus as an adult and juvenile
”Spirorbis” S. pusillus Serpulidae Poorly preserved, despite another species assigned to the genus being common in the Muschelkalk[25]
Triadonereis T. sp Annelida incertae sedis Incompletely preserved, so its assignment to the genus is only provisional[25]
Undularia U. scalata Protorculidae Formerly placed in “Ptenoglossa”[25]
Velata[35] V. albertii Pectinidae Formerly placed in “Eopecten”[25]

Vertebrates

Vertebrates
Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Dipteronotus D. aculeatus Perleidiformes Formerly placed within “Praesemionotus”[36]
D. aculeatus fossil
Dorsolepis D. virgatus Platysomidae (Palaeonisciformes) While the body is well-preserved and similar to other platysomids, the head is barely known[36]
Eocyclotosaurus E. lehmani Heylerosauridae Formerly placed in Stenotosaurus[37]
Reconstruction of E. wellesi
Mastodonsauridae indet. Unapplicable Mastodonsauroidea Formerly classed as “Odontosaurus voltzii”, then moved into “Mastodonsaurus” vaslenensis before finally being removed from a genus altogether[38]
Mirasaura M. grauvogeli Drepanosauromorpha Related to the enigmatic Longisquama from the Madygen Formation[39]
Reconstructed skull of Mirasaura based on μCT scans
Pericentrophorus P. minimus Semionotiformes Resembles Acentrophorus, originally placed as a “transitional form” between Chondrostei and Holostei[36]
P. minimus fossil
Saurichthys S. daubreei Saurichthyidae Similar to Saurichthys lepidosteoides from the Muschelkalk[40]
Saurichthys curionii fossil from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland

See also

References

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allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gres_a_Voltzia