Eugen Munder

Eugen Munder
Gauleiter of Gau Württemberg-Hohenzollern
In office
8 July 1925 – 9 January 1928
Appointed byAdolf Hitler
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byWilhelm Murr
Personal details
Born(1899-10-09)9 October 1899
Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire
Died20 November 1952(1952-11-20) (aged 53)
Stuttgart, West Germany
Cause of deathBrain tumor
PartyNazi Party
Military service
AllegianceGerman Empire
Branch/serviceImperial German Army
Years of service1917–1919
UnitField Artillery Regiment 13
Field Artillery Regiment No. 116
Battles/warsWorld War I

Eugen Munder (9 October 1899 – 20 November 1952)[1] was an early member of the Nazi Party and Gauleiter of Gau Württemberg-Hohenzollern.

Early life

Munder was born in Stuttgart in 1899. After attending elementary school, he attended military school in Jena and then became an apprentice in the civil service. He was conscripted in 1917, assigned to Field Artillery Regiment 13 in Ulm and participated in World War I. He saw action on the front lines in Field Artillery Regiment No. 116 and in Sturmbataillon 16.[2] Following Germany's defeat, Munder was demobilized in January 1919 and became an activist in the Deutschvölkischer Schutz und Trutzbund,[3] the largest, most active, and most influential antisemitic federation in Germany after the war.[4] He resumed his career in the civil service, working as an actuary and passing written and oral examinations in 1921.

Nazi Party career

By 1921, Munder was already active on behalf of the Nazi Party in Stuttgart. On 15 April 1925, he joined the Party (Membership number 1,835) when the ban on it was lifted. He was a very effective organizer and re-founded the party's Gau headquarters, becoming the local branch leader (Ortsgruppenleiter) in Stuttgart. Adolf Hitler appointed him Gauleiter of Württemberg after a rally in Stuttgart on 8 July 1925. From 1925 to 1928, Munder served as the editor and publisher of a local Nazi newspaper, The Southwest German Observer.[5] In 1927, Munder expressed criticism of Hitler's lifestyle. He also was involved in a major row over the candidate list for upcoming elections to the Württemberg Landtag. When Hitler supported Munder's rival, Christian Mergenthaler, to head the list over him, Munder resigned as Gauleiter on 9 January 1928. His successor was Wilhelm Murr.[6] Munder then was expelled from the NSDAP on 18 January 1928 and thereafter played no active part in politics.[5]

He resumed his career as a civil servant, working largely in the field of health insurance. After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, Munder reapplied for party membership but was rejected on two occasions. In 1935, he became the head of the General Health Insurance Office in Stuttgart. He finally was readmitted to the Party, effective 1 August 1935. He also joined the Sturmabteilung (SA) around this time. In October 1944, he was recruited as a platoon leader in the Württemberg Volkssturm, rising to battalion leader in January 1945.[7]

Post-war life

After the end of World War II he was arrested and, in April 1948, sentenced to four-and-a-half years in a labor camp by a denazification court. After suffering epileptic seizures, Munder was released from custody in July 1948 on medical grounds and placed on parole. He was found to have a slow growing brain tumor and he died on 20 November 1952.[8]

References

  1. ^ Handbuch der baden-württembergischen Geschichte (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-608-91371-2) Volume V, p. 804.
  2. ^ Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2017). Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945. Vol. II (Georg Joel - Dr. Bernhard Rust). R. James Bender Publishing. p. 310. ISBN 978-1-932970-32-6.
  3. ^ Uwe Lohalm: Völkischer Radicalism - History of the Deutschvölkischen Schutz- und Trutz-Bund: 1919 to 1923 (Hamburg: Leibniz-Verlag, 1970, ISBN 3-87473-000-X)
  4. ^ "Letter to the Court: Evaluation of the Reich Commissioner for the Monitoring of Public Policy, 20 November 1922" in: Uwe Lohalm, 1970, p 11.
  5. ^ a b Miller & Schulz 2017, p. 312.
  6. ^ Detlef Mühlberger, "Organization & Development of the Nazi Party" in: Hitler's Voice: The Völkisher Beobachter, 1920-1933 (Bern: Peter Lang AG, 2004) p. 142
  7. ^ Miller & Schulz 2017, p. 314.
  8. ^ Miller & Schulz 2017, p. 315.

Literature

  • Karl Höffkes: Hitlers Politische Generale. Die Gauleiter des 3. Reiches; ein biographisches Nachschlagewerk. Grabert-Verlag, Tübingen 1997, ISBN 3-87847-163-7.
  • Michael D. Miller & Andreas Schulz: Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945, Volume II (Georg Joel - Dr. Bernhard Rust), R. James Bender Publishing, 2017, ISBN 1-932970-32-0.
  • Michael Matthiesen: Munder, Eugen Paul; in: Württembergische Biographien, Band III, Stuttgart 2017, ISBN 978-3-17-033572-1.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen_Munder