De Gruytters carillon book

De Gruytters carillon book
Carillon music by Joannes de Gruytters
Title page of the notebook written in Dutch
Full titleAndantes, marches, gavottes, arias, gigues, courantes, contra dances, allegros, preludes, minuets, trios, etc. etc. for the carillon or bell-play, gathered together and arranged by myself, Joannes de Gruytters, carillon- or bell-player of the city and cathedral of Antwerp, 1746
Year1746 (1746)
PeriodBaroque
Movements194 pieces

The De Gruytters carillon book (Dutch: De Gruijtters beiaardboek) is a manuscript notebook that the Flemish Baroque musician Joannes de Gruytters used for performance on the carillon of the city of Antwerp. It contains 194 pieces of music, mostly arrangements and a few original compositions, in the form of marches, gavottes, arias, gigues, preludes, and minuets, among others.

The manuscript, dated 1746 and discovered in 1922, provides a glimpse into the music of the 18th century that was often played on carillons. It is preserved at the Royal Conservatoire Antwerp.

History

In the 18th century, the Antwerp Cathedral possessed two carillons cast by the Hemony brothers. One belonged to the city of Antwerp, and the other was owned by the cathedral.[1] On 22 October 1740, following the death of the previous appointee, Joannes de Gruytters (1709–1772)[2] was appointed the carillonneur of the two instruments. He had performed in a competition to win the job.[3] To financially support himself and his family, De Gruytters also played the cathedral chapel's organ and in 1746 was engaged as a violinist for the chapel and the local theatre.[4] In March 1746, the theatre was destroyed in a fire, which likely gave him the free time to compile a notebook of music for the carillons.[5]

In 1922, Prosper Verheyden, clerk of the Antwerp city council and bibliophile, discovered the De Gruytters manuscript at a book auction in a pile of materials marked for their little value.[6] At the time, Verheyden was a member of a group of Flemish Belgians who were organizing around Jef Denyn and his carillon school as a means to disseminate Flemish culture. Verheyden understood that carillon music manuscripts prior to 1900 were rare, and that he therefore discovered an item of value to carillonneurs and musicologists. He and his friend purchased the manuscript and donated it to the Royal Conservatoire Antwerp for preservation.[6]

Verheyden studied the new manuscript and presented his findings in an address at the World Carillon Congress in 1922. It was later published as an article in The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America (GCNA)'s 1949 volume of The Bulletin.[7] An urtext edition of the De Gruytters manuscript was published by the Royal Eijsbouts bell foundry in 1968[8] and again by Broekmans & Van Poppel in 1971.[9] The GCNA published its own set of selections from the De Gruytters manuscript in 1980, edited by Albert Gerken;[10] it published another set in 2004, edited by John Gouwens.[11]

Significance

De Gruytters' manuscript is the earliest-known collection of carillon music that was clearly written for manual play on a carillon keyboard rather than an automatic playing drum. The latter is the case for other sources of carillon music of this time period and earlier.[12] More importantly, it shows that the instrument was attracting better musicians, some of whom were determined to contribute to the carillon repertoire.[13]

Contents

The manuscript is an in folio of 80 sheets, 320 by 205 millimetres (12.6 by 8.1 in) in size. The pages, beginning on the second sheet, are numbered 1 to 152 and are followed by a table of contents at the end.[14] The front page of the manuscript is titled "ANDANTEN, / marchen, gavotte, Ariaen, giúen, / Corenten, Contre-danſen, Allegros, / preludies, menuetten, trion, &. &. / Voor. Den. BEŸAERT. OFTE. / kLok-SPIL. / Bÿ een vergardert ende op geſtelt. / Door mÿ / Ioannes, de, grúÿtters, / beÿart ofte klok-ſpilder der / ſtadt ende Chatedraele. / TOT, ANTWERPEN / 1746", which translates to "Andantes, marches, gavottes, arias, gigues, courantes, contra dances, allegros, preludes, minuets, trios, etc. etc. for the carillon or bell-play, gathered together and arranged by myself, Joannes de Gruytters, carillon- or bell-player of the city and cathedral of Antwerp, 1746".[14]

The whole book contains 194 individual pieces of Baroque music, numbered 1 to 190; the last four were not numbered. De Gruytters signed his initials three times (numbers 143, 168, and 182) and provided dates eight times (numbers 88, 141, 143, 168, 175, 182, 190, 192). He attributes two additional works to himself in the table of contents (numbers 172 and 179).[15]

The majority of the pieces are written in two-part harmony, consisting of a soprano part with an underlying basso continuo. Harmonic additions are sporadically added. One exception is number 93, which has four-part harmony. To De Gruytters, the melodic line, accentuated with ornaments, had more importance than the harmonic treatment of each work, which is standard practice for 18th century music.[16] In his edition of the manuscript, Albert Gerken writes that many of the selections are unplayable in their original form and that De Gruytters must have played them ad libitum. Gerken claims they contain many errors or simply illegible notation, showing that De Gruytters either transcribed them by listening alone or carelessly copied the sheet music.[17]

No. Page Title on the table of contents[18] Title on the music[19] Key Composer Notes
1 1 Marche van hanover Marche De Hanover D major Franz Xaver Richter[20] At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Compose par: M: Richter a hanover."
2 2 Marche D♯ Marche D major Unknown
3 2–3 Menuet D♯ Menuet D major Unknown
4 3 Menuet D♯ Menuet D major Unknown
5 4 Marche D♯ Marche D major Unknown
6 5 Menuet D♯ Locatelli Menuet da p: Locatelli D major Pietro Locatelli[21]
7 5 Menuet D♯ Menuet D major Unknown
8 6 Marche D♯ Marche D major Unknown
9 6 Menuet D♯ Menuet D major Pietro Locatelli[22]
10 7 Marche van hardtop D♯ Marche D'hartop D major Unknown
11 8–9 Marche van Lingie D♯ Marche De prins De Lingie cavalerie D major Unknown
12 9 Allemande D♯ Allemande D major Unknown
13 9 Menuet D♯ Menuet D major Unknown
14 10 Menuet de la reine D♯ Menuet De La reine D major Unknown
15 10–11 Suitte D♯ Suitte D major Unknown
16 11 Contredans D♯ Conterdans D major Unknown
17 11 Menuet D♯ Menuet D major Unknown
18 12 Cruÿs Capelleken D♯ Cruÿs Capelleken D major Unknown
19 12–13 Burschen omeganck D♯ Den brusschen Omeganck of De Drÿ Sotten D major Unknown
20 13 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
21 14 Marche G Marche G major Unknown
22 15 Giga G Giga G major Unknown
23 15 Menuet D♮ Menuet D minor Unknown
24 16–17 Giga Corelli A♮ Giga Corelli A minor Arcangelo Corelli[21]
25 17 Menuet A♮ Menuet A minor Unknown
26 18 Soet Chatrintien G Soet chatarintjen G major Unknown
27 18 Soet Chatrintien G Soet chatarintjen G major Unknown Equivalent to No. 26 transposed up one octave[23]
28 18–19 La bourbonoise G Couprin La borbonoise G major François Couperin[24]
29 19 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
30 20 Menuet a quatre D♮ Menuet a quatre D minor Unknown
31 20 Menuet D♮ Menuet D minor Unknown
32 21 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
33 22 Marche F Marche F major Unknown
34 23 Menuet F Menuet F major Unknown
35 23 Menuet F Menuet F major Unknown
36 24 Aria A♮ Aria A minor Unknown
37 24 Mattelote A♮ Air A minor Unknown
38 25 Aria G Air G major Unknown
39 25 Contredans D♯ Conterdans D major Unknown
40 26 Marche F Marche F major Unknown
41 27 Menuet F Menuet F major Unknown
42 28–29 Andante G Raÿck Andante par M: Raÿck G major Dieudonné Raijck[25]
43 29 Gavotte G handel Gavotta Del Sig: handel G major George Frideric Handel[26]
44 30 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
45 30 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
46 30 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
47 31 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
48 31 Giga C Apel C major Unknown
49 32–33 Andante D♮ fiocco Andante D minor Joseph-Hector Fiocco[27] Transcription from Fiocco's Suite in G Major, Op. 1, No. 1.
50 33 Menuet D♮ Menuet D minor Unknown
51 34 Marche F Marche F major Unknown
52 35 Menuet F Menuet F major Unknown
53 35 Menuet C Menuet C major Unknown
54 36 Giga Corelli A♮ Giga De Correlli A minor Arcangelo Corelli[21]
55 37 Air G Aria G major Unknown
56 38–39 Andante C Locatelli Andante C major Pietro Locatelli[21]
57 40–41 Andante G croes Sonata Andante G major Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
58 42–43 Giga G croes Giga Allegro G major Henri-Jacques de Croes[28]
59 44–45 Menuet G croes Menuet alternatif G major Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
60 45 Menuet G♭ croes Suÿtte G minor Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
61 46–47 Andante F renotte Andante F major Hubert Renotte[29] At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Author Renotte"
62 48–49 Andante G Raÿck Andante G major Dieudonné Raijck[30]
63 49 Vivace G Raÿck Vivace G major Dieudonné Raijck[31] At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Auth: Mr Raÿck."
64 50–51 Andante G Raÿck Andante G major Dieudonné Raijck[32]
65 52–53 Allegro F Scheppers Allegro F major Scheppers (either Pieter or his brother Boudewijn)[29]
66 54–55 Andante D♯ Raÿck Andante D major Dieudonné Raijck[25]
67 55 Menuet D♯ Menuet D major Unknown
68 56 Marche C Marche van duÿtsmeester C major Unknown
69 56–57 Suitte C Suitte C major Unknown
70 57 Menuet C Menuet C major Unknown
71 58–59 La grotte De versaille A La grotte De versalies A minor Unknown
72 59 Menuet A♮ Menuet A minor Unknown
73 60–61 Corrente A♮ Lulli Courante A minor Jean-Baptiste Lully[26]
74 61 Air A♮ Air A minor Unknown
75 62 Menuet A♮ Menuet A minor Unknown
76 62 Menuet A♮ Menuet A minor Unknown
77 62–63 Menuet A♮ Menuet A minor Unknown
78 63 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
79 64 Marche G Marche De Los rios G major Unknown
80 64–65 Air G Aria G major Unknown
81 65 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
82 66 Preludium C Preludium quinti toni C major Unknown
83 66–67 Menuet C De fesch Menuet par De fesch C major Willem de Fesch[33]
84 67 Menuet C De fesch Suitte C major Willem de Fesch[34]
85 68–69 La bergeri C Couprin La bergeri C major François Couperin[35]
86 70 Andante C Andante C major François Couperin[26]
87 71 Allegro A♮ Allegro moderato A minor Unknown
88 72 Marche C Marche Du grand turcq C major Unknown At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Den 14 ougst 1746 in Antwerpen"[36]
89 73 Menuet D♮ De Comte De Sax Menuet De Comte De Sax 1746 composé D minor Unknown
90 73 Menuet D♮ Menuet D minor Unknown
91 74 Marche G Marche van Drouvigen oliver G major Colfs (either Antoon or his son Josef)[37]
92 75 Andante A♮ Andante A minor Unknown
93 76 Marche C Marche De konik Seyx C major Unknown
94 77 Marche G van hessen Marche van hessen G major Unknown
95 78 Gavotte A♮ Gavotta vivace A minor Unknown
96 79 Giga C Giga C major François Couperin[38] At the end, De Gruytters writes: "par Couprin"
97 80 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
98 80 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
99 81 Marche G Marche De Wourenbrandt G major Unknown
100 82 Marche G Marche De malbrouk G major Unknown Named after the Duke of Marlborough[39]
101 83 Marche G Marche van beÿeren G major Unknown
102 83 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
103 84 Contredans D♮ Contredanse D minor Unknown
104 84–85 Menuet D Menuet D minor Unknown
105 85 Aria A♮ Aria A minor Unknown
106 85 Giga C Untitled C major Unknown
107 86 Menuet D♮ Menuet D minor Unknown
108 87 Marche G Marche G major Unknown
109 88 Menuet G baustetter Menuet par Mr baustetter G major Jan Koenraad Baustetter[40]
110 88 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
111 89 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
112 90 Marche C Marche van beÿeren C major Unknown
113 90 Menuet C Menuet C major Unknown
114 91 Marche C Colfs Marche par M: Colfs a Malines C major Colfs (either Antoon or his son Josef)[29]
115 92 Menuet C Menuet C major Unknown
116 92–93 Menuet C Suitte C major Unknown
117 93 Menuet C touscaen Menuet touscaen C major Unknown
118 94 Air G Aria G major Unknown
119 94 La fanaticq G La fanaticq G major Unknown
120 95 Marche D♮ Marche van de begÿnen D minor Unknown
121 95 Marche C Marche van keÿserug C major Unknown
122 96 Gavotta A♮ De fesch Tempo di gavotta A minor Willem de Fesch[41]
123 97 Con variatio Double Di tempo Di gavotta C minor Willem de Fesch[42]
124 98 Contredans G Untitled G major Unknown
125 98 Contredans G Contredanze G major Unknown
126 99 Rigodon C Rigodon C major Unknown
127 99 Suitte C Suitte C major Unknown
128 100 Menuet D♮ Raÿck Menuet par Mr Raÿck D minor Dieudonné Raijck[43]
129 100–01 Menuet D♮ Raÿck Suitte 2em menuet D minor Dieudonné Raijck[44]
130 102 Condredans D♮ Mamatje Lief D minor Unknown
131 102 Contredans G Contredanse G major Unknown
132 103 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
133 103 Menuet G Suitte G major Unknown
134 104 Menuet D♮ Menuet D minor Unknown
135 104–05 Marche C Marche C major Unknown
136 105 Marche C Marche C major Unknown
137 105 Menuet C Menuet C major Unknown
138 106 Gavotte D♮ fiocco Gavotta par Mr fiocco D minor Joseph-Hector Fiocco[45]
139 106–07 Gavotte D♯ fiocco Suitte 2me gavotte D major Joseph-Hector Fiocco[46]
140 107 Gavotte A♮ Gavotte A minor Unknown At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Fin wevers marche."[47]
141 108–09 Andante G baustetter Andante G major Jan Koenraad Baustetter[26] At the end, De Gruytters writes: "22 junÿ 1744."[47]
142 110 Marche du Roÿ D♯ La Marche Du Roÿ D major Unknown
143 110 Menuet D♯ Menuet D major Joannes de Gruytters[48] At the end, De Gruytters writes: "16 ougst 1746. i D. G."[47]
144 111 Menuet D♮ Menuet D minor Unknown
145 111 Menuet G Menuet G major Unknown
146 112–13 La ferlande C Untitled C major Unknown
147 113 Marche D♯ Marche D major Unknown
148 114 Marche G Dese is er 2 mael Marche G major Unknown Title translates to "This is the 2nd time"[47]
149 114–15 Menuet G croes Menuet par M Croes G major Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
150 115 Marche D♯ Marche D major Unknown
151 116 Menuet G croes Menuet alternatif par croes G major Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
152 116–17 Menuet G♭ croes Trio G minor Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
153 117 Menuet G croes Menuet alternatif G major Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
154 118 Menuet G croes Menuet champetre par M croes G major Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
155 118–19 Menuet G♭ croes Trio G minor Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
156 119 Le carlion Dunÿkercke G het Carillion van Duÿnkerke G major Unknown Named after Dunkirk[39]
157 120 Menuet D♯ croes Menuet alternatif par M croes D major Henri-Jacques de Croes[49]
158 120–21 Menuet D♮ croes Trio D minor Henri-Jacques de Croes[50]
159 121 borre D♮ boure D minor Unknown
160 122 Menuet A♯ croes Menuet alternatif par M croes A major Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
161 122 Menuet A♮ croes Trio A minor Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
162 123 Menuet D♯ belsier Menuet alternatif par M belsier D major Antoon Belsier[25]
163 123 Menuet D♯ belsier Trio D major Antoon Belsier[25]
164 124 Menuet A♯ croes Menuet alternatif par M croes A major Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
165 124–25 Menuet A♮ croes Trio A minor Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
166 125 De Meÿ G De meÿ G major Unknown
167 126 Marche A♯ Marche A major Unknown
168 126 Menuet A♮ Menuet A minor Joannes de Gruytters[51] At the end, De Gruytters writes: "I D G. 20 aug. 1746."[47]
169 127 Paisande D♮ Paisande D minor Unknown
170 127 Menuet D♮ Menuet D minor Unknown
171 128–29 L'angloise G fiocco L'Angloise Rondeau G major Joseph-Hector Fiocco[52]
172 130–31 Ceciliana D♮ gruÿtters Ceciliana D minor Joannes de Gruytters[53]
173 132 Menuet D♯ Menuet D major Unknown
174 132 Menuet D♮ Trio D minor Unknown
175 133 Ceciliene G Couprin Ceciliene G major François Couperin[26] At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Auth: Couprin. scrip.: 16 7bre 1746 in antverp:"[47]
176 134 Giga D♮ Couprin Untitled D minor François Couperin[54]
177 134 Giga D♯ Couprin Suitte D major François Couperin[55]
178 135 Contredans D♮ Contredanse D minor Unknown
179 136–37 Andante A♮ gruÿtters Andante A minor Joannes de Gruytters[56]
180 138 Menuett G baustetter Menuet par Mr baustetter G major Jan Koenraad Baustetter[57]
181 138–39 Menuet G♭ baust Suitte G minor Jan Koenraad Baustetter[58]
182 139 Menuet G gruÿtters Menuet G major Joannes de Gruytters[59] At the end, De Gruytters writes: "19 7bre 1746. i : d : g :"[21]
183 140–41 Andante C croes Sonata Andante C major Henri-Jacques de Croes[25]
184 142–43 Allegro C Allegro C major Unknown
185 144–45 Adagio F Vivaldi Concerto par Mr Vivaldi F major Antonio Vivaldi[60]
186 146 Adagio D♮ Vivaldi Largo D minor Antonio Vivaldi[61]
187 148–49 Allegro F Vivaldi Allegro F major Antonio Vivaldi[62]
188 150 La vandangieuse A♮ Coup: Le vandangieuse par Couprin A minor François Couperin[63]
189 151 Not listed Menuet C major Unknown
190 151 Not listed Suitte C major Antoon Belsier[25] At the end, De Gruytters writes: "auth. belsier. 1745."[21]
191 152 Tantum ergo van La forse Tantum ergo par La forse C major Jacob La Fosse[29]
192 152 en Hendrick Tantum ergo par M hendrickx junior C major Jan Frans Hendrickx[64] At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Fecit 1743."[21]
193 153 Maria Schoon Maria Schoon C major Unknown 193 and 194 are combined in the table of contents as "Twee Maria Schoon"
194 154 Maria Schoon Maria Schoon in sexti toni F major Unknown 193 and 194 are combined in the table of contents as "Twee Maria Schoon"

See also

References

  1. ^ Gouwens 2017, p. 117.
  2. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 11; Gouwens 2017, p. 117
  3. ^ Verheyden 1922, pp. 11–12.
  4. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 12; Price 1950, p. 16.
  5. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 12.
  6. ^ a b Price 1950, p. 15.
  7. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 1.
  8. ^ Abbenes & Lehr 1968.
  9. ^ Abbenes & Lehr 1971.
  10. ^ Gerken 1980.
  11. ^ Gouwens 2004.
  12. ^ Keldermans & Keldermans 1996, pp. 12–13.
  13. ^ Keldermans & Keldermans 1996, p. 13.
  14. ^ a b Verheyden 1922, p. 13.
  15. ^ Verheyden 1922, pp. 13–14.
  16. ^ Abbenes & Lehr 1971, p. iii–iv.
  17. ^ Gerken 1980, Forward.
  18. ^ Verheyden 1922, pp. 14–18; Abbenes & Lehr 1971, pp. 154–55
  19. ^ Abbenes & Lehr 1971, pp. 1–153.
  20. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, pp. 7–8
  21. ^ a b c d e f g Verheyden 1922, p. 18.
  22. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 18; Gerken 1980, p. 21; Price 1950, p. 21
  23. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 14.
  24. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, p. 78
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Verheyden 1922, p. 20.
  26. ^ a b c d e Verheyden 1922, p. 19.
  27. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, p. 97; Gouwens 2017, pp. 68–69, 118
  28. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 20; Gerken 1980, p. 85
  29. ^ a b c d Verheyden 1922, p. 21.
  30. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 20; Gerken 1980, p. 103
  31. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 20; Gerken 1980, p. 105
  32. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 20; Gerken 1980, p. 107; Gouwens 2017, pp. 66–67, 120
  33. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 20; Gerken 1980, p. 94
  34. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 20; Gerken 1980, p. 96
  35. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, p. 79
  36. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 16.
  37. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 16; Price 1950, p. 33
  38. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gouwens 2017, pp. 82–83, 116
  39. ^ a b Price 1950, p. 33.
  40. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, p. 77
  41. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 20; Gerken 1980, p. 89; Gouwens 2017, pp. 105–06, 117
  42. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 20; Gerken 1980, p. 91; Gouwens 2017, pp. 106–08, 117
  43. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 20; Gerken 1980, p. 109
  44. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 20; Gerken 1980, p. 111
  45. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, p. 101
  46. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, p. 102
  47. ^ a b c d e f Verheyden 1922, p. 17.
  48. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 21; Gerken 1980, p. 113
  49. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 20; Gerken 1980, p. 87
  50. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 20; Gerken 1980, p. 88
  51. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 21; Gerken 1980, p. 114
  52. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, p. 99
  53. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 21; Gerken 1980, p. 115; Gouwens 2017, pp. 40–41, 117–18
  54. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, p. 81
  55. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, p. 82
  56. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 21; Gouwens 2017, pp. 102–04, 117–18
  57. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, p. 75
  58. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, p. 76
  59. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 21; Gerken 1980, p. 117
  60. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 18; Gerken 1980, p. 118
  61. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 18; Gerken 1980, p. 122
  62. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 18; Gerken 1980, p. 124
  63. ^ Verheyden 1922, p. 19; Gerken 1980, p. 83
  64. ^ Verheyden 1922, pp. 20–21.

Bibliography

allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Gruytters_carillon_book