State of Kuwait

Alam Baladii, Derti
Use	Civil and state flag, national ensign
Proportion	1:2
Adopted	7 September 1961; 64 years ago (1961-09-07) Officially hoisted 24 November 1961
Design	A horizontal triband of green, white and red; with a black trapezium based on the hoist side.

The flag of Kuwait (Arabic: علم الكويت) was adopted on 7 September 1961, and officially hoisted 24 November 1961. Before 1961, the flag of Kuwait was red and white, like those of other Arab states of the Persian Gulf at the time, with the field being red and words or charges being written in white. It is the only national flag featuring an acute trapezium.

When the Utub settled in Kuwait, Kuwaiti ships were flying a flag common on the western coast of the Persian Gulf, a red flag with a serrated white ribbon added near the mast, similar to the current Bahrain flag, and was called the Sulaimi flag. This flag was raised in the rule of Sheikh Sabah I bin Jaber in 1752 and was used to 1871.

During the period of Ottoman rule in Kuwait, the Ottoman flag, red with a white crescent and star, was used. This flag was retained after the country became a British protectorate in the Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899.

In 1903, Lord Curzon, the British Viceroy and Governor-General of India visited Kuwait, and Sheikh Mubarak Al-Sabah received him and raised a red flag with white words, توكلنا على الله (We trust in God) in Arabic writing. This avoided the diplomatic faux pas, given Kuwait was under British protection, of raising the Ottoman flag.

Two different flag designs were proposed but not adopted in the period after this. The first proposal in 1906, a red flag with white Western letters spelling (KOWEIT) and the second in 1913, the Ottoman flag but the word كويت (Kuwayt) in Arabic writing as a canton.^[1][2]

The Ottoman flag kept being used until the First World War, when friendly-fire incidents with the British in 1914 during the Mesopotamian campaign around the river Shatt al-Arab occurred due to Kuwait and the enemy Ottomans both using the same flag. Because of this Kuwait adopted a new flag, red with كويت (Kuwait) in Arabic writing.^[3][1][2] This flag was in use until 1921, when Sheikh Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah added the Shahada to the flag.^[4][1][2] This version was in use until 1940, when he also added a stylized falcon's claw to the flag.^[1][2] These flags were also depicted on the Emblems of Kuwait. The red flag remained the national flag of Kuwait until the adoption of the current one in September 1961. The present flag is in the Pan-Arab colours, but each colour is also significant in its own right.

The colours' meaning came from a poem by Safi al-Din al-Hilli^[which?]:

• White are our deeds
• Black are our battles
• Green are our lands
• Red are our swords

Rules of hanging and flying the flag:

• Horizontally: The green stripe should be on top.
• Vertically: The red stripe should be on the left side of the flag.

In 2005, it became the design of the world's largest kite at a size of 1019 square metres. It was made in New Zealand by Peter Lynn, launched to the public for the first time in 2004 in the United Kingdom, officially launched in Kuwait in 2005, and has not been surpassed since.

During the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, the Iraqi government under Saddam Hussein sought to suppress Kuwaiti national symbols after declaring Kuwait Iraq’s "19th province". The Kuwaiti flag was banned during the occupation, and Iraqi authorities replaced it with Iraqi symbols on public buildings, government facilities, and other official locations as part of efforts to integrate Kuwait into Iraq. Kuwaitis who displayed the national flag or participated in symbolic acts of resistance risked arrest, torture, or other severe punishment by the occupying authorities.

According to reports presented to international bodies following the occupation, civilians were punished for acts such as "raising the Kuwaiti flag", writing national slogans, distributing opposition leaflets, or participating in peaceful demonstrations against the occupation. These reports described how such symbolic expressions of Kuwaiti national identity were treated by Iraqi authorities as acts of resistance, and individuals suspected of these activities were detained and subjected to interrogation or mistreatment during the period of Iraqi control.^[5][6]

The current Emir of Kuwait has a personal royal standard, which is the national flag with a yellow crown on the green stripe.

• 
  Standard of the Emir 1921–1940
• 
  Standard of the Emir 1940–1956
• 
  Standard of the Emir 1956–1961
• 
  Standard of the Emir 1961–present

• 
  1746–1871
  (Al-Sulami flag)
• 
  1871–1914
  (The Ottoman Empire adopted its flag in 1844)
• 
  1899–1961 (Emirate of Kuwait under protectorate of the United Kingdom)
• 
  Used between 28–30 November 1903 during the visit of Lord Curzon
• 
  1906 proposal
  (not adopted)
• 
  1913 proposal
  (not adopted)
• 
  1914–1921
• 
  Battle flag raised during Battle of Jahra in 1920
• 
  1921–1940
• 
  1940–1961
• 
  Maritime Ensign
  1956–1961
  Only used at sea
• 
  Flag used during the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait (1990)
• 
  1961–present

• Flag of the United Arab Emirates