Odia grammar is the study of the morphological and syntactic structures, word order, case inflections, verb conjugation and other grammatical structures of Odia, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in South Asia.

Morphology is the identification, analysis and description of the structure of morphemes and other units of meaning in the Odia language. Morphemes (called ରୁପିମ) are the smallest units of the Odia language that carry and convey a unique meaning and is grammatically appropriate. A morpheme in Odia is the most minuscule meaningful constituent which combines and synthesizes the phonemes into a meaningful expression through its (morpheme's) form & structure. Thus, in essence, the morpheme is a structural combination of phonemes in Odia. In other words, in the Odia language, the morpheme is a combination of sounds that possess and convey a meaning. A morpheme is not necessarily a meaningful word in Odia. In Odia, every morpheme is either a base or an affix (prefix or a suffix).^[1][2]

Nouns are those which are inflected by number, gender or case markers.

Pronouns are classified both notionally and morphologically.

Personal pronouns are of two types:

• Direct case- used for Nominative case
• Oblique case- used with case inflections (Accusative, Instrumental, Dative, Ablative, Genitive, Locative)

Postpositions used with Inflections: The postpositions which occur with nominal forms and function as both morphological and syntactic markers. They are added to the nominal stems formed by noun-genitive case markers.

Indeclinable Postpositions: Those which do not have inflected suffixes, function as indeclinables.

When a noun is enumerated, it takes a group of morphemes called classifiers.

When the number denotes 'one', then the structure of the phrase:

• classifier-numeral noun

Eg- ଜଣେ ପିଲା – one child

When the numeral is more than 'one', then the structure is:

• numeral classifier noun

Eg- ଦୁଇ ଜଣ ପିଲା – two children

Classifiers have two types-

• qualifiers- used for count nouns.

Nouns which occur with ଗୋଟା,ଗୋଟି or its variant -ଟା,-ଟି

Eg- ଗୋଟିଏ ପିଲା – one child, ଦୁଇଟି ପିଲା -two children
ଗୋଟିଏ ଘର – one house, ଦୁଇଟି ଘର – two houses

Other types of count nouns of human and non human forms include-

ଜଣେ ପିଲା – one child

ଖଣ୍ଡେ ଲୁଗା – one piece of cloth

ଗୋଛାଏ କାଠ – one bundle of wood

ଫାଳେ କାଠ – a half piece of wood

ଗଦାଏ କାଠ – one heap of wood

କିଲେ କାଠ – one kilo of wood

ଫୁଟେ କାଠ – one foot of wood

ବସ୍ତାଏ କାଠ – one sack of wood

• quantifiers- used for mass nouns

Nouns which occur with ମେଞ୍ଚା

Eg- ମେଞ୍ଚାଏ କାଦୁଅ – a lump of mud

• Odia language
• Odia script
• Odia literature

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• Masica, Colin (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2
• Mohanty, Prasanna Kumar (2007). The History of Oriya Literature (Oriya Sahityara Adya Aitihasika Gana).