Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR-4 ), also known as coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3 , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the F2RL3 gene .[ 5]
Function
Coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3 (F2RL3) is a member of the large family of 7-transmembrane-region receptors that couple to guanosine-nucleotide-binding proteins. F2RL3 is also a member of the protease-activated receptor family. F2RL3 is activated by proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular amino terminus . The new amino terminus functions as a tethered ligand and activates the receptor. F2RL3 is activated by thrombin and trypsin .[ 5]
Further reading
Leger AJ, Covic L, Kuliopulos A (2006). "Protease-activated receptors in cardiovascular diseases" . Circulation . 114 (10): 1070– 7. doi :10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.574830 PMID 16952995 . S2CID 312800 . Xu WF, Andersen H, Whitmore TE, et al. (1998). "Cloning and characterization of human protease-activated receptor 4" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 95 (12): 6642– 6. Bibcode :1998PNAS...95.6642X . doi :10.1073/pnas.95.12.6642 PMC 22580 PMID 9618465 . Kahn ML, Zheng YW, Huang W, et al. (1998). "A dual thrombin receptor system for platelet activation". Nature . 394 (6694): 690– 4. Bibcode :1998Natur.394..690K . doi :10.1038/29325 . PMID 9716134 . S2CID 4408582 . Kahn ML, Hammes SR, Botka C, Coughlin SR (1998). "Gene and locus structure and chromosomal localization of the protease-activated receptor gene family" . J. Biol. Chem . 273 (36): 23290– 6. doi :10.1074/jbc.273.36.23290 PMID 9722561 . S2CID 32777201 . Kahn ML, Nakanishi-Matsui M, Shapiro MJ, et al. (1999). "Protease-activated receptors 1 and 4 mediate activation of human platelets by thrombin" . J. Clin. Invest . 103 (6): 879– 87. doi :10.1172/JCI6042 . PMC 408153 PMID 10079109 . Andersen H, Greenberg DL, Fujikawa K, et al. (1999). "Protease-activated receptor 1 is the primary mediator of thrombin-stimulated platelet procoagulant activity" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 96 (20): 11189– 93. Bibcode :1999PNAS...9611189A . doi :10.1073/pnas.96.20.11189 PMC 18009 PMID 10500152 . Sambrano GR, Huang W, Faruqi T, et al. (2000). "Cathepsin G activates protease-activated receptor-4 in human platelets" . J. Biol. Chem . 275 (10): 6819– 23. doi :10.1074/jbc.275.10.6819 PMID 10702240 . S2CID 33219053 . Nakanishi-Matsui M, Zheng YW, Sulciner DJ, et al. (2000). "PAR3 is a cofactor for PAR4 activation by thrombin". Nature . 404 (6778): 609– 13. Bibcode :2000Natur.404..609N . doi :10.1038/35007085 . PMID 10766244 . S2CID 4410800 . Miike S, McWilliam AS, Kita H (2002). "Trypsin induces activation and inflammatory mediator release from human eosinophils through protease-activated receptor-2" . J. Immunol . 167 (11): 6615– 22. doi :10.4049/jimmunol.167.11.6615 PMID 11714832 . S2CID 9302877 . Asokananthan N, Graham PT, Fink J, et al. (2002). "Activation of protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1, PAR-2, and PAR-4 stimulates IL-6, IL-8, and prostaglandin E2 release from human respiratory epithelial cells" . J. Immunol . 168 (7): 3577– 85. doi :10.4049/jimmunol.168.7.3577 PMID 11907122 . S2CID 45171728 . Henriksen RA, Hanks VK (2002). "PAR-4 agonist AYPGKF stimulates thromboxane production by human platelets" . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol . 22 (5): 861– 6. doi :10.1161/01.ATV.0000014742.56572.25 PMID 12006403 . S2CID 24246544 . Covic L, Singh C, Smith H, Kuliopulos A (2003). "Role of the PAR4 thrombin receptor in stabilizing platelet-platelet aggregates as revealed by a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome". Thromb. Haemost . 87 (4): 722– 7. doi :10.1055/s-0037-1613071 . PMID 12008957 . S2CID 32831294 . Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899– 903. Bibcode :2002PNAS...9916899M . doi :10.1073/pnas.242603899 PMC 139241 PMID 12477932 . Owen WG (2003). "PAR-3 is a low-affinity substrate, high affinity effector of thrombin". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun . 305 (1): 166– 8. Bibcode :2003BBRC..305..166O . doi :10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00732-0 . PMID 12732212 . Adam F, Verbeuren TJ, Fauchère JL, et al. (2003). "Thrombin-induced platelet PAR4 activation: role of glycoprotein Ib and ADP" . J. Thromb. Haemost . 1 (4): 798– 804. doi :10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00138.x PMID 12871418 . S2CID 12762388 . Wu CC, Hwang TL, Liao CH, et al. (2004). "The role of PAR4 in thrombin-induced thromboxane production in human platelets". Thromb. Haemost . 90 (2): 299– 308. doi :10.1160/TH03-02-0103 . PMID 12888878 . S2CID 4983617 . Kawai T, Akira S, Reed JC (2003). "ZIP kinase triggers apoptosis from nuclear PML oncogenic domains" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 23 (17): 6174– 86. doi :10.1128/MCB.23.17.6174-6186.2003 . PMC 180930 PMID 12917339 . Jacques SL, Kuliopulos A (2004). "Protease-activated receptor-4 uses dual prolines and an anionic retention motif for thrombin recognition and cleavage" . Biochem. J . 376 (Pt 3): 733– 40. doi :10.1042/BJ20030954 . PMC 1223816 PMID 13678420 . Han Y, Nurden A, Combrié R, Pasquet JM (2004). "Redistribution of glycoprotein Ib within platelets in response to protease-activated receptors 1 and 4: roles of cytoskeleton and calcium" . J. Thromb. Haemost . 1 (10): 2206– 15. doi :10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00436.x PMID 14521606 . S2CID 24420859 .
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine , which is in the public domain .
