Dilthey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Helmut Dilthey (1894–1918), German First World War flying ace
• Iain Dilthey (born 1971), British film director
• Karl Dilthey (1839–1907), German classical scholar and archaeologist
• Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911), German historian, psychologist, sociologist and philosopher, brother of Karl