User:Discographer/Various–etc.
User:Discographer/Various–Atlantic Canada
User:Discographer/Various–Extended
User:Discographer/Various–etc.
User:Discographer/Various–Music
User:Discographer/Various–Music 2
User:Discographer/Sports/Boxing
Political alignment
- As stated elsewhere below on this page, I align with the
- Christian Democratic Union party (Christian democracy),
- which is centre-right on the (left-right) political spectrum.
- Political affiliation:
- Austria — (SPÖ (AT) / ÖVP (AT))
- Germany — (SPD (DE) / CDU (DE))
- United Kingdom — (Labour Party (UK) / Conservative Party (UK))
- Republic of Ireland — (Fianna Fáil (IE) / Fine Gael (IE))
- Canada — (Liberal Party (CA) / Conservative Party (CA))
- Australia — (Labor Party (AU) / Liberal Party (AU))
- New Zealand — (Labour Party (NZ) / National Party (NZ))
Upcoming elections
- (Location)
- Election date
Party leadership elections
- Next Conservative Party of Canada leadership election → 2025 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election|2025 Conservative Party leadership election (CA) — (
Scheer) — (Baber / Lewis) — (Poilievre)
- (Canada)
- Conservative Party (CA) – election winner to be announced sometime in 2025.
National leadership elections
- (New Zealand)
- Election to be held 07 Nov 2026.
- (Australia)
- Election to be held 20 May 2028.
- Next German federal election — (Scholz / Merz / Weidel)
- (Germany)
- Election to be held 25 Mar 2029.
- (Canada)
- Election to be held 15 Oct 2029.
- (United Kingdom)
- Election to be held 15 Aug 2029.
- (Austria)
- Election to be held TBC.
- (Ireland)
- Election to be held by 2030.
Parliamentary elctions
- (None)
- Mary Lou McDonald (TD) – (Leader of the Opposition / President of Sinn Féin / Leader in Dáil Éireann)
- Michelle O'Neill (MLA) – (Vice president of Sinn Féin / First Minister of Northern Ireland – Assembly – Executive~Office)
- Niall Ó Donnghaile – (Leader in Seanad Éireann)
- Chris MacManus (MEP) – (Leader in European Parliament)
- Pádraig Mac Lochlainn (TD) – (Opposition Chief Whip)
See also
| Previous | ← Elections → | Next |
|---|
- Category:2025 elections → Category:2025 elections in Europe
- Category:Future elections → Category:Future elections in Europe
Total = 75 Tories (49 + 26)
Key:
| 75 | |
|---|---|
| 35 | 40 |
Living
Deceased
| Tories | ||
|---|---|---|
| Born | Name | Died |
| 30 Nov 1874 | Winston Churchill | 24 Jan 1965 |
| 09 Dec 1902 | Rab Butler | 08 Mar 1982 |
| 12 Jun 1897 | Anthony Eden | 14 Jan 1977 |
| 29 May 1900 | David Maxwell Fyfe | 27 Jan 1967 |
| 04 Dec 1894 | Gwilym Lloyd George | 14 Feb 1967 |
| 10 Feb 1894 | Harold Macmillan | 29 Dec 1986 |
| 28 Jul 1904 | Selwyn Lloyd | 18 May 1978 |
| 26 Jul 1909 | Peter Thorneycroft | 04 Jun 1994 |
| 26 Dec 1899 | Derick Heathcoat-Amory | 20 Jan 1981 |
| 02 Jul 1903 | Alec Douglas-Home | 09 Oct 1995 |
| 07 Mar 1917 | Reginald Maudling | 14 Feb 1979 |
| 09 Apr 1903 | Henry Brooke | 29 Mar 1984 |
| 31 Aug 1923 | Edward Boyle | 28 Sep 1981 |
| 09 Jul 1916 | Edward Heath | 17 Jul 2005 |
| 11 Nov 1913 | Iain Macleod | 20 Jul 1970 |
| 12 Oct 1920 | Christopher Soames | 16 Sep 1987 |
| 09 Oct 1907 | Quintin Hogg | 12 Oct 2001 |
| 04 Jul 1920 | Anthony Barber | 16 Dec 2005 |
| 11 Nov 1916 | Robert Carr | 17 Feb 2012 |
| 28 May 1924 | Geoffrey Rippon | 28 Jan 1997 |
| 11 Oct 1927 | Jim Prior | 12 Dec 2016 |
| 17 Jan 1918 | Keith Joseph | 10 Dec 1994 |
| 13 Oct 1925 | Margaret Thatcher | 08 Apr 2013 |
| 20 Dec 1926 | Geoffrey Howe | 09 Oct 2015 |
| 08 Jul 1926 | Ian Gilmour | 21 Sep 2007 |
| 08 Jan 1916 | John Davies | 04 Jul 1979 |
| 28 Jun 1918 | William Whitelaw | 01 Jul 1999 |
| 13 Feb 1922 | Francis Pym | 07 Mar 2008 |
| 06 Jun 1919 | Peter Carington | 09 Jul 2018 |
| 11 Mar 1932 | Nigel Lawson | 03 Apr 2023 |
| 25 Sep 1939 | Leon Brittan | 21 Jan 2015 |
| 08 Mar 1930 | Douglas Hurd | |
| 29 Mar 1943 | John Major | |
| 02 Aug 1929 | David Waddington | 23 Feb 2017 |
| 08 May 1942 | Norman Lamont | |
| 03 Nov 1934 | Kenneth Baker | |
| 02 Jul 1940 | Kenneth Clarke | |
| 07 Jul 1941 | Michael Howard | |
| 21 Jun 1946 | Malcolm Rifkind | |
| 23 Aug 1943 | Peter Lilley | |
| 26 Jul 1940 | Brian Mawhinney | 09 Nov 2019 |
| 26 Mar 1961 | William Hague | |
| 04 Jul 1953 | Francis Maude | |
| 02 Feb 1938 | Norman Fowler | |
| 22 Apr 1943 | John Maples | 09 Jun 2012 |
| 04 Oct 1947 | Ann Widdecombe | |
| 26 May 1953 | Michael Portillo | |
| 09 Apr 1954 | Iain Duncan Smith | |
| 07 Jul 1945 | Michael Ancram | 01 Oct 2024 |
| 19 May 1956 | Oliver Letwin | |
| 23 Dec 1948 | David Davis | |
| 23 May 1971 | George Osborne | |
| 22 Sep 1961 | Liam Fox | |
| 09 Oct 1966 | David Cameron | |
| 24 May 1956 | Dominic Grieve | |
| 01 Apr 1962 | Chris Grayling | |
| 01 Oct 1956 | Theresa May | |
| 04 Dec 1955 | Philip Hammond | |
| 19 Jun 1964 | Boris Johnson | |
| 01 Aug 1963 | Amber Rudd | |
| 05 Dec 1969 | Sajid Javid | |
| 01 Nov 1966 | Jeremy Hunt | |
| 25 Feb 1974 | Dominic Raab | |
| 29 Mar 1972 | Priti Patel | |
| 12 May 1980 | Rishi Sunak | |
| 26 Jul 1975 | Liz Truss | |
| 02 Jun 1967 | Nadhim Zahawi | |
| 26 May 1975 | Kwasi Kwarteng | |
| 04 Sep 1969 | James Cleverly | |
| 03 Apr 1980 | Suella Braverman | |
| 14 Sep 1968 | Grant Shapps | |
| 23 Mar 1956 | Andrew Mitchell | |
| 02 Jan 1980 | Kemi Badenoch | |
| 30 Sep 1961 | Mel Stride | |
| 06 Jul 1976 | Chris Philp | |
Since 07 Jun 1935
| Great Offices of State Shadow Great Offices of State | |
|---|---|
| Date | Prime Minister Opposition Leader |
| 07 Jun 1935 – 28 May 1937 | Stanley Baldwin |
| 28 May 1937 – 10 May 1940 | Neville Chamberlain |
| 10 May 1940 – 26 Jul 1945 | Winston Churchill |
| 26 Jul 1945 – 26 Oct 1951 | Winston Churchill |
| 26 Oct 1951 – 06 Apr 1955 | Winston Churchill |
| 06 Apr 1955 – 10 Jan 1957 | Anthony Eden |
| 10 Jan 1957 – 19 Oct 1963 | Harold Macmillan |
| 19 Oct 1963 – 16 Oct 1964 | Alec Douglas-Home |
| 16 Oct 1964 – 28 Jul 1965 | Alec Douglas-Home |
| 28 Jul 1965 – 19 Jun 1970 | Edward Heath |
| 19 Jun 1970 – 04 Mar 1974 | Edward Heath |
| 04 Mar 1974 – 11 Feb 1975 | Edward Heath |
| 11 Feb 1975 – 04 May 1979 | Margaret Thatcher |
| 04 May 1979 – 28 Nov 1990 | Margaret Thatcher |
| 28 Nov 1990 – 02 May 1997 | John Major |
| 02 May 1997 – 19 Jun 1997 | John Major |
| 19 Jun 1997 – 13 Sep 2001 | William Hague |
| 13 Sep 2001 – 06 Nov 2003 | Iain Duncan Smith |
| 06 Nov 2003 – 06 Dec 2005 | Michael Howard |
| 06 Dec 2005 – 11 May 2010 | David Cameron |
| 11 May 2010 – 13 Jul 2016 | David Cameron |
| 13 Jul 2016 – 24 Jul 2019 | Theresa May |
| 24 Jul 2019 – 06 Sep 2022 | Boris Johnson |
| 06 Sep 2022 – 25 Oct 2022 | Liz Truss |
| 25 Oct 2022 – 05 Jul 2024 | Rishi Sunak |
| 05 Jul 2024 – 04 Nov 2024 | Rishi Sunak |
| 04 Nov 2024 – present | Kemi Badenoch |
| Great Offices of State Shadow Great Offices of State | |
|---|---|
| Date | Foreign Secretary Shadow Foreign Secretary |
| 07 Jun 1935 – 18 Dec 1935 | Samuel Hoare |
| 18 Dec 1935 – 20 Feb 1938 | Anthony Eden |
| 20 Feb 1938 – 22 Dec 1940 | Edward Wood |
| 22 Dec 1940 – 26 Jul 1945 | Anthony Eden |
| 26 Jul 1945 – 26 Oct 1951 | Anthony Eden |
| 26 Oct 1951 – 06 Apr 1955 | Anthony Eden |
| 06 Apr 1955 – 20 Dec 1955 | Harold Macmillan |
| 20 Dec 1955 – 27 Jul 1960 | Selwyn Lloyd |
| 27 Jul 1960 – 19 Oct 1963 | Alec Douglas-Home |
| 19 Oct 1963 – 16 Oct 1964 | Rab Butler |
| 16 Oct 1964 – 16 Feb 1965 | Rab Butler |
| 16 Feb 1965 – 11 Nov 1965 | Reginald Maudling |
| 11 Nov 1965 – 13 Apr 1966 | Christopher Soames |
| 13 Apr 1966 – 19 Jun 1970 | Alec Douglas-Home |
| 19 Jun 1970 – 04 Mar 1974 | Alec Douglas-Home |
| 04 Mar 1974 – 11 Feb 1975 | Geoffrey Rippon |
| 11 Feb 1975 – 11 Apr 1976 | Reginald Maudling |
| 11 Apr 1976 – 06 Nov 1978 | John Davies |
| 06 Nov 1978 – 04 May 1979 | Francis Pym |
| 04 May 1979 – 05 Apr 1982 | Peter Carington |
| 05 Apr 1982 – 11 Jun 1983 | Francis Pym |
| 11 Jun 1983 – 24 Jul 1989 | Geoffrey Howe |
| 24 Jul 1989 – 26 Oct 1989 | John Major |
| 26 Oct 1989 – 05 Jul 1995 | Douglas Hurd |
| 05 Jul 1995 – 02 May 1997 | Malcolm Rifkind |
| 02 May 1997 – 11 Jun 1997 | John Major |
| 11 Jun 1997 – 15 Jun 1999 | Michael Howard |
| 15 Jun 1999 – 02 Feb 2000 | John Maples |
| 02 Feb 2000 – 18 Sep 2001 | Francis Maude |
| 18 Sep 2001 – 10 May 2005 | Michael Ancram |
| 10 May 2005 – 06 Dec 2005 | Liam Fox |
| 06 Dec 2005 – 11 May 2010 | William Hague |
| 11 May 2010 – 14 Jul 2014 | William Hague |
| 14 Jul 2014 – 13 Jul 2016 | Philip Hammond |
| 13 Jul 2016 – 09 Jul 2018 | Boris Johnson |
| 09 Jul 2018 – 24 Jul 2019 | Jeremy Hunt |
| 24 Jul 2019 – 15 Sep 2021 | Dominic Raab |
| 15 Sep 2021 – 06 Sep 2022 | Liz Truss |
| 06 Sep 2022 – 13 Nov 2023 | James Cleverly |
| 13 Nov 2023 – 05 Jul 2024 | David Cameron |
| 05 Jul 2024 – 04 Nov 2024 | Andrew Mitchell |
| 04 Nov 2024 – present | Priti Patel |
~
| Females of the Great Offices of State and Shadow Great Offices of State |
|---|
Key:
Labour
Conservative
| Labour Conservative |
| 37th Parliament (elected: 14 November 1935, first met: 26 November 1935, dissolved: 15 June 1945) | ||||
| 38th Parliament (elected: 5 July 1945, first met: 1 August 1945, dissolved: 3 February 1950) | ||||
| 39th Parliament (elected: 23 February 1950, first met: 1 March 1950, dissolved: 5 October 1951) | ||||
| 40th Parliament (elected: 25 October 1951, first met: 31 October 1951, dissolved: 6 May 1955) | ||||
| 41st Parliament (elected: 26 May 1955, first met: 7 June 1955, dissolved: 18 September 1959) | ||||
| 42nd Parliament (elected: 8 October 1959, first met: 20 October 1959, dissolved: 25 September 1964) | ||||
| 43rd Parliament (elected: 15 October 1964, first met: 27 October 1964, dissolved: 10 March 1966) | ||||
| 44th Parliament (elected: 31 March 1966, first met: 18 April 1966, dissolved: 29 May 1970) | ||||
| 45th Parliament (elected: 18 June 1970, first met: 29 June 1970, dissolved: 8 February 1974) | ||||
| 46th Parliament (elected: 28 February 1974, first met: 6 March 1974, dissolved: 20 September 1974) | ||||
| 47th Parliament (elected: 10 October 1974, first met: 22 October 1974, dissolved: 7 April 1979) | ||||
| 48th Parliament (elected: 3 May 1979, first met: 9 May 1979, dissolved: 13 May 1983) | ||||
| 49th Parliament (elected: 9 June 1983, first met: 15 June 1983, dissolved: 18 May 1987) | ||||
| 50th Parliament (elected: 11 June 1987, first met: 17 June 1987, dissolved: 16 March 1992) | ||||
| 51st Parliament (elected: 9 April 1992, first met: 27 April 1992, dissolved: 8 April 1997) | ||||
| 52nd Parliament (elected: 1 May 1997, first met: 7 May 1997, dissolved: 14 May 2001) | ||||
| 53rd Parliament (elected: 7 June 2001, first met: 13 June 2001, dissolved: 11 April 2005) | ||||
| 54th Parliament (elected: 5 May 2005, first met: 11 May 2005, dissolved: 12 April 2010) | ||||
| 55th Parliament (elected: 6 May 2010, first met: 18 May 2010, dissolved: 30 March 2015) | ||||
| 56th Parliament (elected: 7 May 2015, first met: 18 May 2015, dissolved: 3 May 2017) | ||||
| 57th Parliament (elected: 8 June 2017, first met: 13 June 2017, dissolved: 5 November 2019) | ||||
| 58th Parliament (elected: 12 December 2019, first met: 17 December 2019, dissolved: 30 May 2024) | ||||
| 59th Parliament (elected: 4 July 2024, first met: 9 July 2024, dissolved: TBD) |
Parliament numeration differs (by one count) from general elections.
Commonwealth realms
 United Kingdom / Commonwealth realms
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom /
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (shown chronologically) |
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
UK |
 CA |
 AU |
 NZ |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CwRm | 
|
|
|
|
CwRm |
| FVEY |
|
|
|
|
FVEY |
| OECD |
|
|
|
|
OECD |
| ATPP |
|
|
|
|
ATPP |
| — | — |
| First Lord of the Treasury | British prime minister | Start | End | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Duke of Shrewsbury | — | 1 August 1714 | 13 October 1714 | Whig | |
| The Earl of Halifax | — | 13 October 1714 | 19 May 1715 | Whig | |
| The Earl of Carlisle | — | 23 May 1715 | 10 October 1715 | Whig | |
| Robert Walpole | — | 10 October 1715 | 12 April 1717 | Whig | |
| The Earl Stanhope | — | 12 April 1717 | 21 March 1718 | Whig | |
| The Earl of Sunderland | — | 21 March 1718 | 4 April 1721 | Whig | |
| Robert Walpole | 4 April 1721 | 11 February 1742 | Whig | ||
| The Earl of Wilmington | 16 February 1742 | 2 July 1743 | Whig | ||
| Henry Pelham | 27 August 1743 | 10 February 1746 | Whig | ||
| The Earl of Bath | Henry Pelham | 10 February 1746 | 12 February 1746 | Whig | |
| Henry Pelham | 12 February 1746 | 6 March 1754 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Newcastle | 16 March 1754 | 16 November 1756 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Devonshire | 16 November 1756 | 8 June 1757 | Whig | ||
| The Earl Waldegrave | The Duke of Devonshire | 8 June 1757 | 12 June 1757 | Whig | |
| The Duke of Devonshire | 12 June 1757 | 29 June 1757 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Newcastle | 2 July 1757 | 26 May 1762 | Whig | ||
| The Earl of Bute | 26 May 1762 | 16 April 1763 | Tory | ||
| George Grenville | 16 April 1763 | 13 July 1765 | Whig | ||
| The Marquess of Rockingham | 13 July 1765 | 30 July 1766 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Grafton | The Earl of Chatham | 30 July 1766 | 14 October 1768 | Whig | |
| The Duke of Grafton | 14 October 1768 | 28 January 1770 | Whig | ||
| Lord North | 28 January 1770 | 22 March 1782 | Tory | ||
| The Marquess of Rockingham | 27 March 1782 | 1 July 1782 | Whig | ||
| The Earl of Shelburne | 4 July 1782 | 2 April 1783 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Portland | 2 April 1783 | 19 December 1783 | Whig | ||
| William Pitt the Younger | 19 December 1783 | 14 March 1801 | Tory | ||
| Henry Addington | 17 March 1801 | 10 May 1804 | Tory | ||
| William Pitt the Younger | 10 May 1804 | 23 January 1806 | Tory | ||
| The Lord Grenville | 11 February 1806 | 31 March 1807 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Portland | 31 March 1807 | 4 October 1809 | Whig | ||
| Spencer Perceval | 4 October 1809 | 11 May 1812 | Tory | ||
| The Earl of Liverpool | 9 June 1812 | 10 April 1827 | Tory | ||
| George Canning | 10 April 1827 | 8 August 1827 | Tory | ||
| The Viscount Goderich | 31 August 1827 | 22 January 1828 | Tory | ||
| The Duke of Wellington | 22 January 1828 | 22 November 1830 | Tory | ||
| The Earl Grey | 22 November 1830 | 16 July 1834 | Whig | ||
| The Viscount Melbourne | 16 July 1834 | 14 November 1834 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Wellington | 14 November 1834 | 10 December 1834 | Tory | ||
| Robert Peel | 10 December 1834 | 8 April 1835 | Tory | ||
| The Viscount Melbourne | 18 April 1835 | 30 August 1841 | Whig | ||
| Robert Peel | 30 August 1841 | 29 June 1846 | Conservative | ||
| Lord John Russell | 30 June 1846 | 23 February 1852 | Whig | ||
| The Earl of Derby | 23 February 1852 | 19 December 1852 | Conservative | ||
| The Earl of Aberdeen | 19 December 1852 | 6 February 1855 | Peelite | ||
| The Viscount Palmerston | 6 February 1855 | 20 February 1858 | Liberal | ||
| The Earl of Derby | 20 February 1858 | 12 June 1859 | Conservative | ||
| The Viscount Palmerston | 12 June 1859 | 18 October 1865 | Liberal | ||
| The Earl Russell | 29 October 1865 | 28 June 1866 | Liberal | ||
| The Earl of Derby | 28 June 1866 | 27 February 1868 | Conservative | ||
| Benjamin Disraeli | 27 February 1868 | 3 December 1868 | Conservative | ||
| William Ewart Gladstone | 3 December 1868 | 20 February 1874 | Liberal | ||
| Benjamin Disraeli | 20 February 1874 | 23 April 1880 | Conservative | ||
| William Ewart Gladstone | 23 April 1880 | 23 June 1885 | Liberal | ||
| The Earl of Iddesleigh | The Marquess of Salisbury | 29 June 1885 | 1 February 1886 | Conservative | |
| William Ewart Gladstone | 1 February 1886 | 25 July 1886 | Liberal | ||
| The Marquess of Salisbury | 3 August 1886 | 14 January 1887 | Conservative | ||
| William Henry Smith | The Marquess of Salisbury | 14 January 1887 | 6 October 1891 | Conservative | |
| Arthur Balfour | The Marquess of Salisbury | 6 October 1891 | 15 August 1892 | Conservative | |
| William Ewart Gladstone | 15 August 1892 | 5 March 1894 | Liberal | ||
| The Earl of Rosebery | 5 March 1894 | 25 June 1895 | Liberal | ||
| Arthur Balfour | The Marquess of Salisbury | 25 June 1895 | 11 July 1902 | Conservative | |
| Arthur Balfour | 11 July 1902 | 5 December 1905 | Conservative | ||
| Henry Campbell-Bannerman | 5 December 1905 | 3 April 1908 | Liberal | ||
| H. H. Asquith | 8 April 1908 | 5 December 1916 | Liberal | ||
| David Lloyd George | 6 December 1916 | 19 October 1922 | Liberal | ||
| Bonar Law | 23 October 1922 | 20 May 1923 | Conservative | ||
| Stanley Baldwin | 22 May 1923 | 22 January 1924 | Conservative | ||
| Ramsay MacDonald | 22 January 1924 | 4 November 1924 | Labour | ||
| Stanley Baldwin | 4 November 1924 | 4 June 1929 | Conservative | ||
| Ramsay MacDonald | 5 June 1929 | 7 June 1935 | National Labour | ||
| Stanley Baldwin | 7 June 1935 | 28 May 1937 | Conservative | ||
| Neville Chamberlain | 28 May 1937 | 10 May 1940 | Conservative | ||
| Winston Churchill | 10 May 1940 | 26 July 1945 | Conservative | ||
| Clement Attlee | 26 July 1945 | 26 October 1951 | Labour | ||
| Winston Churchill | 26 October 1951 | 5 April 1955 | Conservative | ||
| Anthony Eden | 6 April 1955 | 9 January 1957 | Conservative | ||
| Harold Macmillan | 10 January 1957 | 18 October 1963 | Conservative | ||
| Alec Douglas-Home | 19 October 1963 | 16 October 1964 | Conservative | ||
| Harold Wilson | 16 October 1964 | 19 June 1970 | Labour | ||
| Edward Heath | 19 June 1970 | 4 March 1974 | Conservative | ||
| Harold Wilson | 4 March 1974 | 5 April 1976 | Labour | ||
| James Callaghan | 5 April 1976 | 4 May 1979 | Labour | ||
| Margaret Thatcher | 4 May 1979 | 28 November 1990 | Conservative | ||
| John Major | 28 November 1990 | 2 May 1997 | Conservative | ||
| Tony Blair | 2 May 1997 | 27 June 2007 | Labour | ||
| Gordon Brown | 27 June 2007 | 11 May 2010 | Labour | ||
| David Cameron | 11 May 2010 | 13 July 2016 | Conservative | ||
| Theresa May | 13 July 2016 | 24 July 2019 | Conservative | ||
| Boris Johnson | 24 July 2019 | 6 September 2022 | Conservative | ||
| Liz Truss | 6 September 2022 | 25 October 2022 | Conservative | ||
| Rishi Sunak | 25 October 2022 | 5 July 2024 | Conservative | ||
| Keir Starmer | 5 July 2024 | Incumbent | Labour | ||
Note that British prime minister The Earl of Chatham never served in the role of
First Lord of the Treasury (with the dates being 30 July 1766 − 14 October 1768).
All Hanoverian era dates correspond to that of the First Lord of the Treasury,
all subsequent dates since then correspond to that of the British prime minister.
| — | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Faction | — | |||||||||
| — | Parliamentarians | Royalists | |||||||||
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||||
| Party | |||||||||||
| — | Whig | Tory | |||||||||
| Labour | Liberal | Conservative | |||||||||
| Liberal Democrats | |||||||||||
| — | |||||||||||
- North Sea Hijack (1980 film) – Faith Brook
- For Your Eyes Only (1981 film) – Janet Brown
- Anyone for Denis? (1982 TV play) – Angela Thorne
- Spitting Image (1984–1996 TV series) – Steve Nallon
- Water (1985 film) – Maureen Lipman
- First Among Equals (Hilary Turner) (1986 TV series) – Paola Dionisotti
- Cinderella: The Shoe Must Go On (1986 TV film) – Steve Nallon
- The New Statesman (1987–1991 TV series) – Steve Nallon
- About Face (1989 TV series) – Maureen Lipman
- The Investigation – Inside a Terrorist Bombing (1990 TV film) – Heather Chasen
- House of Cards (1990 TV serial) – (none)
- Dunrulin (1990 TV film) – Angela Thorne
- Thatcher: The Final Days (1991 TV film) – Sylvia Syms
- To Play the King (1993 TV serial) – (none)
- The Final Cut (1995 TV serial) – (none)
- Half the Picture (1996 TV series) – Sylvia Syms
- Deutschlandspiel (2000) (TV film) – Nicole Heesters
- The Falklands Play (2002 TV docudrama) – Patricia Hodge
- Jeffrey Archer: The Truth (2002 TV film) – Greta Scacchi
- The Alan Clark Diaries (2004 TV series) – Louise Gold
- Pinochet in Suburbia (2006 TV docudrama) – Anna Massey
- The Line of Beauty (2006 TV miniseries) – Kika Markham
- Coup! (2006 TV film) – Caroline Blakiston
- Shades of Black: The Conrad Black Story (2006 TV film) – Elizabeth Shepherd
- I Am Bob (Geldof) (2007 short) – Caroline Bernstein
- Back in Business (2007 film) – Caroline Bernstein
- The Long Walk to Finchley (2008 TV film) – Andrea Riseborough
- Margaret (2009 TV film) – Lindsay Duncan
- The Queen (2009 TV serial) – Lesley Manville
- When Harvey Met Bob (2010 TV film) – Ingrid Craigie
- The Iron Lady (2011 film) – Meryl Streep
- The Hunt for Tony Blair (2011 TV episode) – Jennifer Saunders
- In Search of La Che (2011 film) – Steve Nallon
- The Audience (2013 TV play) – Haydn Gwynne
- Harry & Paul's Story of the 2s (2014 TV film) – Harry Enfield
- Psychobitches (2014 TV series) – Michelle Gomez
- Killing Reagan (2016 film) – Kay Galvin
- The Crown (2020 TV series) – Gillian Anderson
- Stonehouse (2023 TV series) – Devon Black
- Reagan (2023 film) – Lesley-Anne Down
List of miscarriage of justice cases – (in the UK)
- Birmingham Six – (Birmingham pub bombings)
- Guildford Four and Maguire Seven – (Guildford pub bombings)
Category:Attacks on bars in the United Kingdom
- Ginger group
- Coalition Coupon
- Chanak Crisis
- Carlton Club
- Carlton Club meeting
- 1922 Committee
- Statute of Westminster 1931
- See also: Category:Legal error and Miscarriage of justice
(saying) ... it's a mistake ...
(Shown in directional left → centre → right political spectrum order)
Key:
Labour
Conservative
Prime Minister shown in bold-type; Leader of the Opposition is not.
Ramsay MacDonald represented the National Labour Party from 1931–1935 after resigning from the Labour Party in which he represented.
During this time, in MacDonald's place, the Labour Party was represented by Arthur Henderson from 1931–1932, and by George Lansbury from 1932–1935.
They, in turn, were succeeded by Clement Attlee in 1935.
Key:
Fianna Fáil
Fine Gael
Taoiseach shown in bold-type; Leader of the Opposition is not.
Thomas Johnson represented the Labour Party from 1922–1927.
W. T. Cosgrave represented the Cumann na nGaedheal Party from 1922–1933.
Mary Lou McDonald has represented the Sinn Féin Party since 2020.
Key:
Liberal
Conservative
Prime Minister shown in bold-type; Leader of the Opposition is not.
Key:
Labor
Liberal
Prime Minister shown in bold-type; Leader of the Opposition is not.
John McEwen represented the National Party from 1967–1968.
Key:
Labour
National
Prime Minister shown in bold-type; Leader of the Opposition is not.
PMs & LOs still living
| UK | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | PM | LO | Birth date | |
| Neil Kinnock | 
|
|
28 Mar 1942 | |
| John Major |
|
|
29 Mar 1943 | |
| Margaret Beckett |
|
|
15 Jan 1943 | |
| Tony Blair |
|
|
6 May 1953 | |
| William Hague |
|
|
26 Mar 1961 | |
| Iain Duncan Smith |
|
|
9 Apr 1954 | |
| Michael Howard |
|
|
7 Jul 1941 | |
| David Cameron |
|
|
9 Oct 1966 | |
| Gordon Brown |
|
|
20 Feb 1951 | |
| Harriet Harman |
|
|
30 Jul 1950 | |
| Ed Miliband |
|
|
24 Dec 1969 | |
| Jeremy Corbyn |
|
|
26 May 1949 | |
| Theresa May |
|
|
1 Oct 1956 | |
| Boris Johnson |
|
|
19 Jun 1964 | |
| Keir Starmer |
|
|
2 Sep 1962 | |
| Liz Truss |
|
|
26 Jul 1975 | |
| Rishi Sunak |
|
|
12 May 1980 | |
| Kemi Badenoch |
|
|
2 Jan 1980 | |
| — | ||||
| Ireland | ||||
| Name | PM | LO | Birth date | |
| Alan Dukes |
|
|
20 Apr 1945 | |
| Bertie Ahern |
|
|
12 Sep 1951 | |
| Michael Noonan |
|
|
21 May 1943 | |
| Enda Kenny |
|
|
24 Apr 1951 | |
| Brian Cowen |
|
|
10 Jan 1960 | |
| Micheál Martin |
|
|
1 Aug 1960 | |
| Leo Varadkar |
|
|
18 Jan 1979 | |
| Mary Lou McDonald |
|
|
1 May 1969 | |
| Simon Harris |
|
|
17 Oct 1986 | |
| — | ||||
| Canada | ||||
| Name | PM | LO | Birth date | |
| Joe Clark |
|
|
5 Jun 1939 | |
| Jean Chrétien |
|
|
11 Jan 1934 | |
| Kim Campbell |
|
|
10 Mar 1947 | |
| Jean Charest |
|
|
24 Jun 1958 | |
| Peter MacKay |
|
|
27 Sep 1965 | |
| Paul Martin |
|
|
28 Aug 1938 | |
| Grant Hill |
|
|
20 Sep 1943 | |
| Stephen Harper |
|
|
30 Apr 1959 | |
| Stéphane Dion |
|
|
28 Sep 1955 | |
| Michael Ignatieff |
|
|
12 May 1947 | |
| Bob Rae |
|
|
2 Aug 1948 | |
| Justin Trudeau |
|
|
25 Dec 1971 | |
| Rona Ambrose |
|
|
15 Mar 1969 | |
| Andrew Scheer |
|
|
20 May 1979 | |
| Erin O'Toole |
|
|
22 Jan 1973 | |
| Candice Bergen |
|
|
28 Sep 1964 | |
| Pierre Poilievre |
|
|
3 Jun 1979 | |
| Mark Carney |
|
|
16 Mar 1965 | |
| — | ||||
| Australia | ||||
| Name | PM | LO | Birth date | |
| John Howard |
|
|
26 Jul 1939 | |
| John Hewson |
|
|
28 Oct 1946 | |
| Paul Keating |
|
|
18 Jan 1944 | |
| Alexander Downer |
|
|
9 Sep 1951 | |
| Kim Beazley |
|
|
14 Dec 1948 | |
| Mark Latham |
|
|
28 Feb 1961 | |
| Kevin Rudd |
|
|
21 Sep 1957 | |
| Brendan Nelson |
|
|
19 Aug 1958 | |
| Malcolm Turnbull |
|
|
24 Oct 1954 | |
| Tony Abbott |
|
|
4 Nov 1957 | |
| Julia Gillard |
|
|
29 Sep 1961 | |
| Chris Bowen |
|
|
17 Jan 1973 | |
| Bill Shorten |
|
|
12 May 1967 | |
| Scott Morrison |
|
|
13 May 1968 | |
| Anthony Albanese |
|
|
2 Mar 1963 | |
| Peter Dutton |
|
|
18 Nov 1970 | |
| Sussan Ley |
|
|
14 Dec 1961 | |
| — | ||||
| New Zealand | ||||
| Name | PM | LO | Birth date | |
| Jim McLay |
|
|
21 Feb 1945 | |
| Geoffrey Palmer |
|
|
21 Apr 1942 | |
| Helen Clark |
|
|
26 Feb 1950 | |
| Jenny Shipley |
|
|
4 Feb 1952 | |
| Bill English |
|
|
30 Dec 1961 | |
| Don Brash |
|
|
24 Sep 1940 | |
| John Key |
|
|
9 Aug 1961 | |
| Phil Goff |
|
|
22 Jun 1953 | |
| David Shearer |
|
|
28 Jul 1957 | |
| David Cunliffe |
|
|
30 Apr 1963 | |
| David Parker |
|
|
1960 | |
| Andrew Little |
|
|
7 May 1965 | |
| Jacinda Ardern |
|
|
26 Jul 1980 | |
| Simon Bridges |
|
|
12 Oct 1976 | |
| Todd Muller |
|
|
23 Dec 1968 | |
| Judith Collins |
|
|
24 Feb 1959 | |
| Christopher Luxon |
|
|
19 Jul 1970 | |
| Chris Hipkins |
|
|
5 Sep 1978 | |
| — | ||||
Incumbents
| UK | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Keir Starmer | PM | 4 Apr 2020 | |
| Kemi Badenoch | LO | 2 Nov 2024 | |
| Ireland | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Micheál Martin | PM | 26 Jan 2011 | |
| Mary Lou McDonald | LO | 10 Feb 2018 | |
| Canada | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mark Carney | PM | 09 Mar 2025 | |
| Pierre Poilievre | LO | 10 Sep 2022 | |
| Australia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthony Albanese | PM | 30 May 2019 | |
| Sussan Ley | LO | 03 May 2025 | |
| New Zealand | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Chris Hipkins | PM | 22 Jan 2023 | |
| Christopher Luxon | LO | 30 Nov 2021 | |
Ireland (Éire)
Scotland (Alba)
Wales (Cymru)
Cornwall (Kernow)
Isle of Man (Mannin)
Brittany (Breizh)
| Year | UK | IE | CA | US | AU | NZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1707 | 1707 | |||||
| 1708 | 1708 | |||||
| 1710 | 1710 | |||||
| 1713 | 1713 | |||||
| 1715 | 1715 | |||||
| 1722 | 1722 | |||||
| 1727 | 1727 | |||||
| 1734 | 1734 | |||||
| 1741 | 1741 | |||||
| 1747 | 1747 | |||||
| 1754 | 1754 | |||||
| 1761 | 1761 | |||||
| 1768 | 1768 | |||||
| 1774 | 1774 | |||||
| 1780 | 1780 | |||||
| 1784 | 1784 | |||||
| 1788 | 1788 | |||||
| 1790 | 1790 | |||||
| 1792 | 1792 | |||||
| 1796 | 1796 | |||||
| 1796 | 1796 | |||||
| 1800 | 1800 | |||||
| 1801 | 1801 | |||||
| 1802 | 1802 | |||||
| 1804 | 1804 | |||||
| 1806 | 1806 | |||||
| 1807 | 1807 | |||||
| 1808 | 1808 | |||||
| 1812 | 1812 | |||||
| 1812 | 1812 | |||||
| 1816 | 1816 | |||||
| 1818 | 1818 | |||||
| 1820 | 1820 | |||||
| 1820 | 1820 | |||||
| 1824 | 1824 | |||||
| 1826 | 1826 | |||||
| 1828 | 1828 | |||||
| 1830 | 1830 | |||||
| 1831 | 1831 | |||||
| 1832 | 1832 | |||||
| 1832 | 1832 | |||||
| 1835 | 1835 | |||||
| 1836 | 1836 | |||||
| 1837 | 1837 | |||||
| 1840 | 1840 | |||||
| 1841 | 1841 | |||||
| 1844 | 1844 | |||||
| 1847 | 1847 | |||||
| 1848 | 1848 | |||||
| 1852 | 1852 | |||||
| 1852 | 1852 | |||||
| 1853 | 1853 | |||||
| 1855 | 1855 | |||||
| 1856 | 1856 | |||||
| 1857 | 1857 | |||||
| 1859 | 1859 | |||||
| 1860 | 1860 | |||||
| 1860 | 1860 | |||||
| 1864 | 1864 | |||||
| 1865 | 1865 | |||||
| 1866 | 1866 | |||||
| 1867 | 1867 | |||||
| 1868 | 1868 | |||||
| 1868 | 1868 | |||||
| 1868 | 1868 | |||||
| 1871 | 1871 | |||||
| 1872 | 1872 | |||||
| 1872 | 1872 | |||||
| 1874 | 1874 | |||||
| 1874 | 1874 | |||||
| 1875 | 1875 | |||||
| 1876 | 1876 | |||||
| 1878 | 1878 | |||||
| 1879 | 1879 | |||||
| 1880 | 1880 | |||||
| 1880 | 1880 | |||||
| 1881 | 1881 | |||||
| 1882 | 1882 | |||||
| 1884 | 1884 | |||||
| 1884 | 1884 | |||||
| 1885 | 1885 | |||||
| 1886 | 1886 | |||||
| 1887 | 1887 | |||||
| 1887 | 1887 | |||||
| 1888 | 1888 | |||||
| 1890 | 1890 | |||||
| 1891 | 1891 | |||||
| 1892 | 1892 | |||||
| 1892 | 1892 | |||||
| 1893 | 1893 | |||||
| 1895 | 1895 | |||||
| 1896 | 1896 | |||||
| 1896 | 1896 | |||||
| 1896 | 1896 | |||||
| 1899 | 1899 | |||||
| 1900 | 1900 | |||||
| 1900 | 1900 | |||||
| 1900 | 1900 | |||||
| 1901 | 1901 | |||||
| 1902 | 1902 | |||||
| 1903 | 1903 | |||||
| 1904 | 1904 | |||||
| 1904 | 1904 | |||||
| 1905 | 1905 | |||||
| 1906 | 1906 | |||||
| 1906 | 1906 | |||||
| 1908 | 1908 | |||||
| 1908 | 1908 | |||||
| 1908 | 1908 | |||||
| 1910 | 1910 | |||||
| 1910 | 1910 | |||||
| 1910 | 1910 | |||||
| 1910 | 1910 | |||||
| 1911 | 1911 | |||||
| 1911 | 1911 | |||||
| 1912 | 1912 | |||||
| 1913 | 1913 | |||||
| 1914 | 1914 | |||||
| 1914 | 1914 | |||||
| 1916 | 1916 | |||||
| 1917 | 1917 | |||||
| 1917 | 1917 | |||||
| 1918 | 1918 | |||||
| 1918 | 1918 | |||||
| 1919 | 1919 | |||||
| 1919 | 1919 | |||||
| 1920 | 1920 | |||||
| 1921 | 1921 | |||||
| 1921 | 1921 | |||||
| 1922 | 1922 | |||||
| 1922 | 1922 | |||||
| 1922 | 1922 | |||||
| 1922 | 1922 | |||||
| 1923 | 1923 | |||||
| 1923 | 1923 | |||||
| 1924 | 1924 | |||||
| 1924 | 1924 | |||||
| 1925 | 1925 | |||||
| 1925 | 1925 | |||||
| 1925 | 1925 | |||||
| 1926 | 1926 | |||||
| 1927 | 1927 | |||||
| 1927 | 1927 | |||||
| 1928 | 1928 | |||||
| 1928 | 1928 | |||||
| 1928 | 1928 | |||||
| 1929 | 1929 | |||||
| 1929 | 1929 | |||||
| 1930 | 1930 | |||||
| 1931 | 1931 | |||||
| 1931 | 1931 | |||||
| 1931 | 1931 | |||||
| 1932 | 1932 | |||||
| 1932 | 1932 | |||||
| 1933 | 1933 | |||||
| 1934 | 1934 | |||||
| 1935 | 1935 | |||||
| 1935 | 1935 | |||||
| 1935 | 1935 | |||||
| 1936 | 1936 | |||||
| 1937 | 1937 | |||||
| 1937 | 1937 | |||||
| 1938 | 1938 | |||||
| 1938 | 1938 | |||||
| 1940 | 1940 | |||||
| 1940 | 1940 | |||||
| 1940 | 1940 | |||||
| 1943 | 1943 | |||||
| 1943 | 1943 | |||||
| 1943 | 1943 | |||||
| 1944 | 1944 | |||||
| 1944 | 1944 | |||||
| 1945 | 1945 | |||||
| 1945 | 1945 | |||||
| 1946 | 1946 | |||||
| 1946 | 1946 | |||||
| 1948 | 1948 | |||||
| 1948 | 1948 | |||||
| 1949 | 1949 | |||||
| 1949 | 1949 | |||||
| 1949 | 1949 | |||||
| 1950 | 1950 | |||||
| 1951 | 1951 | |||||
| 1951 | 1951 | |||||
| 1951 | 1951 | |||||
| 1951 | 1951 | |||||
| 1952 | 1952 | |||||
| 1953 | 1953 | |||||
| 1954 | 1954 | |||||
| 1954 | 1954 | |||||
| 1954 | 1954 | |||||
| 1955 | 1955 | |||||
| 1955 | 1955 | |||||
| 1956 | 1956 | |||||
| 1957 | 1957 | |||||
| 1957 | 1957 | |||||
| 1957 | 1957 | |||||
| 1958 | 1958 | |||||
| 1958 | 1958 | |||||
| 1959 | 1959 | |||||
| 1960 | 1960 | |||||
| 1960 | 1960 | |||||
| 1961 | 1961 | |||||
| 1961 | 1961 | |||||
| 1962 | 1962 | |||||
| 1963 | 1963 | |||||
| 1963 | 1963 | |||||
| 1963 | 1963 | |||||
| 1964 | 1964 | |||||
| 1964 | 1964 | |||||
| 1965 | 1965 | |||||
| 1965 | 1965 | |||||
| 1966 | 1966 | |||||
| 1966 | 1966 | |||||
| 1966 | 1966 | |||||
| 1968 | 1968 | |||||
| 1968 | 1968 | |||||
| 1969 | 1969 | |||||
| 1969 | 1969 | |||||
| 1969 | 1969 | |||||
| 1970 | 1970 | |||||
| 1972 | 1972 | |||||
| 1972 | 1972 | |||||
| 1972 | 1972 | |||||
| 1972 | 1972 | |||||
| 1973 | 1973 | |||||
| 1974 | 1974 | |||||
| 1974 | 1974 | |||||
| 1974 | 1974 | |||||
| 1974 | 1974 | |||||
| 1975 | 1975 | |||||
| 1975 | 1975 | |||||
| 1976 | 1976 | |||||
| 1977 | 1977 | |||||
| 1977 | 1977 | |||||
| 1978 | 1978 | |||||
| 1979 | 1979 | |||||
| 1979 | 1979 | |||||
| 1980 | 1980 | |||||
| 1980 | 1980 | |||||
| 1980 | 1980 | |||||
| 1981 | 1981 | |||||
| 1981 | 1981 | |||||
| 1982 | 1982 | |||||
| 1982 | 1982 | |||||
| 1983 | 1983 | |||||
| 1983 | 1983 | |||||
| 1984 | 1984 | |||||
| 1984 | 1984 | |||||
| 1984 | 1984 | |||||
| 1984 | 1984 | |||||
| 1987 | 1987 | |||||
| 1987 | 1987 | |||||
| 1987 | 1987 | |||||
| 1987 | 1987 | |||||
| 1988 | 1988 | |||||
| 1988 | 1988 | |||||
| 1989 | 1989 | |||||
| 1990 | 1990 | |||||
| 1990 | 1990 | |||||
| 1992 | 1992 | |||||
| 1992 | 1992 | |||||
| 1992 | 1992 | |||||
| 1993 | 1993 | |||||
| 1993 | 1993 | |||||
| 1993 | 1993 | |||||
| 1996 | 1996 | |||||
| 1996 | 1996 | |||||
| 1996 | 1996 | |||||
| 1997 | 1997 | |||||
| 1997 | 1997 | |||||
| 1997 | 1997 | |||||
| 1998 | 1998 | |||||
| 1999 | 1999 | |||||
| 2000 | 2000 | |||||
| 2000 | 2000 | |||||
| 2001 | 2001 | |||||
| 2001 | 2001 | |||||
| 2002 | 2002 | |||||
| 2002 | 2002 | |||||
| 2004 | 2004 | |||||
| 2004 | 2004 | |||||
| 2004 | 2004 | |||||
| 2005 | 2005 | |||||
| 2005 | 2005 | |||||
| 2006 | 2006 | |||||
| 2007 | 2007 | |||||
| 2007 | 2007 | |||||
| 2008 | 2008 | |||||
| 2008 | 2008 | |||||
| 2008 | 2008 | |||||
| 2010 | 2010 | |||||
| 2010 | 2010 | |||||
| 2011 | 2011 | |||||
| 2011 | 2011 | |||||
| 2011 | 2011 | |||||
| 2012 | 2012 | |||||
| 2013 | 2013 | |||||
| 2014 | 2014 | |||||
| 2015 | 2015 | |||||
| 2015 | 2015 | |||||
| 2016 | 2016 | |||||
| 2016 | 2016 | |||||
| 2016 | 2016 | |||||
| 2017 | 2017 | |||||
| 2017 | 2017 | |||||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||||
| 2021 | 2021 | |||||
| 2022 | 2022 | |||||
| 2023 | 2023 | |||||
| 2024 | 2024 | |||||
| 2024 | 2024 | |||||
| 2025 | 2025 | |||||
| 2025 | 2025 |
Timeline
| UK | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date |
| Winston Churchill | Since WWII | 26 Jul 1945 |
| Clement Attlee | 26 Jul 1945 | 26 Oct 1951 |
| Winston Churchill | 26 Oct 1951 | 6 Apr 1955 |
| Anthony Eden | 6 Apr 1955 | 10 Jan 1957 |
| Harold Macmillan | 10 Jan 1957 | 19 Oct 1963 |
| Alec Douglas-Home | 19 Oct 1963 | 16 Oct 1964 |
| Harold Wilson | 16 Oct 1964 | 19 Jun 1970 |
| Edward Heath | 19 Jun 1970 | 4 Mar 1974 |
| Harold Wilson | 4 Mar 1974 | 5 Apr 1976 |
| James Callaghan | 5 Apr 1976 | 4 May 1979 |
| Margaret Thatcher | 4 May 1979 | 28 Nov 1990 |
| John Major | 28 Nov 1990 | 2 May 1997 |
| Tony Blair | 2 May 1997 | 27 Jun 2007 |
| Gordon Brown | 27 Jun 2007 | 11 May 2010 |
| David Cameron | 11 May 2010 | 13 Jul 2016 |
| Theresa May | 13 Jul 2016 | 24 Jul 2019 |
| Boris Johnson | 24 Jul 2019 | 6 Sep 2022 |
| Liz Truss | 6 Sep 2022 | 25 Oct 2022 |
| Rishi Sunak | 25 Oct 2022 | 5 Jul 2024 |
| Keir Starmer | 5 Jul 2024 | Incumbent |
| IE | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date |
| Éamon de Valera | Since WWII | 18 Feb 1948 |
| John A. Costello | 18 Feb 1948 | 13 Jun 1951 |
| Éamon de Valera | 13 Jun 1951 | 2 Jun 1954 |
| John A. Costello | 2 Jun 1954 | 20 Mar 1957 |
| Éamon de Valera | 20 Mar 1957 | 23 Jun 1959 |
| Seán Lemass | 23 Jun 1959 | 10 Nov 1966 |
| Jack Lynch | 10 Nov 1966 | 14 Mar 1973 |
| Liam Cosgrave | 14 Mar 1973 | 5 Jul 1977 |
| Jack Lynch | 5 Jul 1977 | 11 Dec 1979 |
| Charles Haughey | 11 Dec 1979 | 30 Jun 1981 |
| Garret FitzGerald | 30 Jun 1981 | 9 Mar 1982 |
| Charles Haughey | 9 Mar 1982 | 14 Dec 1982 |
| Garret FitzGerald | 14 Dec 1982 | 10 Mar 1987 |
| Charles Haughey | 10 Mar 1987 | 11 Feb 1992 |
| Albert Reynolds | 11 Feb 1992 | 15 Dec 1994 |
| John Bruton | 15 Dec 1994 | 26 Jun 1997 |
| Bertie Ahern | 26 Jun 1997 | 7 May 2008 |
| Brian Cowen | 7 May 2008 | 9 Mar 2011 |
| Enda Kenny | 9 Mar 2011 | 14 Jun 2017 |
| Leo Varadkar | 14 Jun 2017 | 27 Jun 2020 |
| Micheál Martin | 27 Jun 2020 | 17 Dec 2022 |
| Leo Varadkar | 17 Dec 2022 | 09 Apr 2024 |
| Simon Harris | 09 Apr 2024 | 23 Jan 2025 |
| Micheál Martin | 23 Jan 2025 | Incumbent |
| CA | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date |
| W. L. Mackenzie King | Since WWII | 15 Nov 1948 |
| Louis St. Laurent | 15 Nov 1948 | 21 Jun 1957 |
| John Diefenbaker | 21 Jun 1957 | 22 Apr 1963 |
| Lester B. Pearson | 22 Apr 1963 | 20 Apr 1968 |
| Pierre Trudeau | 20 Apr 1968 | 3 Jun 1979 |
| Joe Clark | 4 Jun 1979 | 2 Mar 1980 |
| Pierre Trudeau | 3 Mar 1980 | 29 Jun 1984 |
| John Turner | 30 Jun 1984 | 16 Sep 1984 |
| Brian Mulroney | 17 Sep 1984 | 24 Jun 1993 |
| Kim Campbell | 25 Jun 1993 | 3 Nov 1993 |
| Jean Chrétien | 4 Nov 1993 | 11 Dec 2003 |
| Paul Martin | 12 Dec 2003 | 5 Feb 2006 |
| Stephen Harper | 6 Feb 2006 | 3 Nov 2015 |
| Justin Trudeau | 4 Nov 2015 | 14 Mar 2025 |
| Mark Carney | 14 Mar 2025 | Incumbent |
| US | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Since WWII | 12 Apr 1945 |
| Harry S. Truman | 12 Apr 1945 | 20 Jan 1953 |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | 20 Jan 1953 | 20 Jan 1961 |
| John F. Kennedy | 20 Jan 1961 | 22 Nov 1963 |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | 22 Nov 1963 | 20 Jan 1969 |
| Richard Nixon | 20 Jan 1969 | 9 Aug 1974 |
| Gerald Ford | 9 Aug 1974 | 20 Jan 1977 |
| Jimmy Carter | 20 Jan 1977 | 20 Jan 1981 |
| Ronald Reagan | 20 Jan 1981 | 20 Jan 1989 |
| George H. W. Bush | 20 Jan 1989 | 20 Jan 1993 |
| Bill Clinton | 20 Jan 1993 | 20 Jan 2001 |
| George W. Bush | 20 Jan 2001 | 20 Jan 2009 |
| Barack Obama | 20 Jan 2009 | 20 Jan 2017 |
| Donald Trump | 20 Jan 2017 | 20 Jan 2021 |
| Joe Biden | 20 Jan 2021 | 20 Jan 2025 |
| Donald Trump | 20 Jan 2025 | 20 Jan 2029 |
| AU | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date |
| John Curtin | Since WWII | 5 Jul 1945 |
| Frank Forde | 6 Jul 1945 | 13 Jul 1945 |
| Ben Chifley | 13 Jul 1945 | 19 Dec 1949 |
| Robert Menzies | 19 Dec 1949 | 26 Jan 1966 |
| Harold Holt | 26 Jan 1966 | 19 Dec 1967 |
| John McEwen | 19 Dec 1967 | 10 Jan 1968 |
| John Gorton | 10 Jan 1968 | 10 Mar 1971 |
| William McMahon | 10 Mar 1971 | 5 Dec 1972 |
| Gough Whitlam | 5 Dec 1972 | 11 Nov 1975 |
| Malcolm Fraser | 11 Nov 1975 | 11 Mar 1983 |
| Bob Hawke | 11 Mar 1983 | 20 Dec 1991 |
| Paul Keating | 20 Dec 1991 | 11 Mar 1996 |
| John Howard | 11 Mar 1996 | 3 Dec 2007 |
| Kevin Rudd | 3 Dec 2007 | 24 Jun 2010 |
| Julia Gillard | 24 Jun 2010 | 27 Jun 2013 |
| Kevin Rudd | 27 Jun 2013 | 18 Sep 2013 |
| Tony Abbott | 18 Sep 2013 | 15 Sep 2015 |
| Malcolm Turnbull | 15 Sep 2015 | 24 Aug 2018 |
| Scott Morrison | 24 Aug 2018 | 23 May 2022 |
| Anthony Albanese | 23 May 2022 | Incumbent |
| NZ | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date |
| Peter Fraser | Since WWII | 13 Dec 1949 |
| Sidney Holland | 13 Dec 1949 | 20 Sep 1957 |
| Keith Holyoake | 20 Sep 1957 | 12 Dec 1957 |
| Walter Nash | 12 Dec 1957 | 12 Dec 1960 |
| Keith Holyoake | 12 Dec 1960 | 7 Feb 1972 |
| Jack Marshall | 7 Feb 1972 | 8 Dec 1972 |
| Norman Kirk | 8 Dec 1972 | 31 Aug 1974 |
| Hugh Watt | 31 Aug 1974 | 6 Sep 1974 |
| Bill Rowling | 6 Sep 1974 | 12 Dec 1975 |
| Robert Muldoon | 12 Dec 1975 | 26 Jul 1984 |
| David Lange | 26 Jul 1984 | 8 Aug 1989 |
| Geoffrey Palmer | 8 Aug 1989 | 4 Sep 1990 |
| Mike Moore | 4 Sep 1990 | 2 Nov 1990 |
| Jim Bolger | 2 Nov 1990 | 8 Dec 1997 |
| Jenny Shipley | 8 Dec 1997 | 5 Dec 1999 |
| Helen Clark | 5 Dec 1999 | 19 Nov 2008 |
| John Key | 19 Nov 2008 | 12 Dec 2016 |
| Bill English | 12 Dec 2016 | 26 Oct 2017 |
| Jacinda Ardern | 26 Oct 2017 | 25 Jan 2023 |
| Chris Hipkins | 25 Jan 2023 | 27 Nov 2023 |
| Christopher Luxon | 27 Nov 2023 | Incumbent |
| UK | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date | Birth date | Age as of 22 February 2026 |
| John Major | 28 Nov 1990 | 2 May 1997 | 29 Mar 1943 | 82 years, 10 months and 24 days |
| Tony Blair | 2 May 1997 | 27 Jun 2007 | 6 May 1953 | 72 years, 9 months and 16 days |
| Gordon Brown | 27 Jun 2007 | 11 May 2010 | 20 Feb 1951 | 75 years and 2 days |
| David Cameron | 11 May 2010 | 13 Jul 2016 | 9 Oct 1966 | 59 years, 4 months and 13 days |
| Theresa May | 13 Jul 2016 | 24 Jul 2019 | 1 Oct 1956 | 69 years, 4 months and 21 days |
| Boris Johnson | 24 Jul 2019 | 6 Sep 2022 | 19 Jun 1964 | 61 years, 8 months and 3 days |
| Liz Truss | 6 Sep 2022 | 25 Oct 2022 | 26 Jul 1975 | 50 years, 6 months and 27 days |
| Rishi Sunak | 25 Oct 2022 | 5 Jul 2024 | 12 May 1980 | 45 years, 9 months and 10 days |
| Keir Starmer | 5 Jul 2024 | Incumbent | 2 Sep 1962 | 63 years, 5 months and 20 days |
| IE | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date | Birth date | Age as of 22 February 2026 |
| Bertie Ahern | 26 Jun 1997 | 7 May 2008 | 12 Sep 1951 | 74 years, 5 months and 10 days |
| Brian Cowen | 7 May 2008 | 9 Mar 2011 | 10 Jan 1960 | 66 years, 1 month and 12 days |
| Enda Kenny | 9 Mar 2011 | 14 Jun 2017 | 24 Apr 1951 | 74 years, 9 months and 29 days |
| Leo Varadkar | 14 Jun 2017 | 27 Jun 2020 | 18 Jan 1979 | 47 years, 1 month and 4 days |
| Micheál Martin | 27 Jun 2020 | 17 Dec 2022 | 1 Aug 1960 | 65 years, 6 months and 21 days |
| Leo Varadkar | 17 Dec 2022 | 09 Apr 2024 | 18 Jan 1979 | 47 years, 1 month and 4 days |
| Simon Harris | 09 Apr 2024 | 23 Jan 2025 | 17 Oct 1986 | 39 years, 4 months and 5 days |
| Micheál Martin | 23 Jan 2025 | Incumbent | 1 Aug 1960 | 65 years, 6 months and 21 days |
| CA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date | Birth date | Age as of 22 February 2026 |
| Joe Clark | 4 Jun 1979 | 2 Mar 1980 | 5 Jun 1939 | 86 years, 8 months and 17 days |
| Kim Campbell | 25 Jun 1993 | 3 Nov 1993 | 10 Mar 1947 | 78 years, 11 months and 12 days |
| Jean Chrétien | 4 Nov 1993 | 11 Dec 2003 | 11 Jan 1934 | 92 years, 1 month and 11 days |
| Paul Martin | 12 Dec 2003 | 5 Feb 2006 | 28 Aug 1938 | 87 years, 5 months and 25 days |
| Stephen Harper | 6 Feb 2006 | 3 Nov 2015 | 30 Apr 1959 | 66 years, 9 months and 23 days |
| Justin Trudeau | 4 Nov 2015 | 14 Mar 2025 | 25 Dec 1971 | 54 years, 1 month and 28 days |
| Mark Carney | 14 Mar 2025 | Incumbent | 16 Mar 1965 | 60 years, 11 months and 6 days |
| US | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date | Birth date | Age as of 22 February 2026 |
| Bill Clinton | 20 Jan 1993 | 20 Jan 2001 | 19 Aug 1946 | 79 years, 6 months and 3 days |
| George W. Bush | 20 Jan 2001 | 20 Jan 2009 | 6 Jul 1946 | 79 years, 7 months and 16 days |
| Barack Obama | 20 Jan 2009 | 20 Jan 2017 | 4 Aug 1961 | 64 years, 6 months and 18 days |
| Donald Trump | 20 Jan 2017 | 20 Jan 2021 | 14 Jun 1946 | 79 years, 8 months and 8 days |
| Joe Biden | 20 Jan 2021 | 20 Jan 2025 | 20 Nov 1942 | 83 years, 3 months and 2 days |
| Donald Trump | 20 Jan 2025 | Incumbent | 14 Jun 1946 | 79 years, 8 months and 8 days |
| AU | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date | Birth date | Age as of 22 February 2026 |
| Paul Keating | 20 Dec 1991 | 11 Mar 1996 | 18 Jan 1944 | 82 years, 1 month and 4 days |
| John Howard | 11 Mar 1996 | 3 Dec 2007 | 26 Jul 1939 | 86 years, 6 months and 27 days |
| Kevin Rudd | 3 Dec 2007 | 24 Jun 2010 | 21 Sep 1957 | 68 years, 5 months and 1 day |
| Julia Gillard | 24 Jun 2010 | 27 Jun 2013 | 29 Sep 1961 | 64 years, 4 months and 24 days |
| Kevin Rudd | 27 Jun 2013 | 18 Sep 2013 | 21 Sep 1957 | 68 years, 5 months and 1 day |
| Tony Abbott | 18 Sep 2013 | 15 Sep 2015 | 4 Nov 1957 | 68 years, 3 months and 18 days |
| Malcolm Turnbull | 15 Sep 2015 | 24 Aug 2018 | 24 Oct 1954 | 71 years, 3 months and 29 days |
| Scott Morrison | 24 Aug 2018 | 23 May 2022 | 13 May 1968 | 57 years, 9 months and 9 days |
| Anthony Albanese | 23 May 2022 | Incumbent | 2 Mar 1963 | 62 years, 11 months and 20 days |
| NZ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date | Birth date | Age as of 22 February 2026 |
| Geoffrey Palmer | 8 Aug 1989 | 4 Sep 1990 | 21 Apr 1942 | 83 years, 10 months and 1 day |
| Jenny Shipley | 8 Dec 1997 | 5 Dec 1999 | 4 Feb 1952 | 74 years and 18 days |
| Helen Clark | 5 Dec 1999 | 19 Nov 2008 | 26 Feb 1950 | 75 years, 11 months and 27 days |
| John Key | 19 Nov 2008 | 12 Dec 2016 | 9 Aug 1961 | 64 years, 6 months and 13 days |
| Bill English | 12 Dec 2016 | 26 Oct 2017 | 30 Dec 1961 | 64 years, 1 month and 23 days |
| Jacinda Ardern | 26 Oct 2017 | 25 Jan 2023 | 26 Jul 1980 | 45 years, 6 months and 27 days |
| Chris Hipkins | 25 Jan 2023 | 27 Nov 2023 | 5 Sep 1978 | 47 years, 5 months and 17 days |
| Christopher Luxon | 27 Nov 2023 | Incumbent | 19 Jul 1970 | 55 years, 7 months and 3 days |
Female party leaders, PMs & LOs
| Name | Date(s) as Party Leader | Position | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margaret Thatcher | 11 Feb 1975 | 28 Nov 1990 | LO 11 Feb 1975 – 4 May 1979 PM 4 May 1979 – 28 Nov 1990 |
Conservative | UK | |
| Theresa May | 11 Jul 2016 | 23 Jul 2019 | PM 13 Jul 2016 – 24 Jul 2019 | Conservative | UK | |
| Liz Truss | 5 Sep 2022 | 24 Oct 2022 | PM 6 Sep 2022 – 25 Oct 2022 | Conservative | UK | |
| Kemi Badenoch | 2 Nov 2024 | Incumbent | LO 2 Nov 2024 – present | Conservative | UK | |
| Margaret Beckett | 12 May 1994 | 21 Jul 1994 | LO 12 May 1994 – 21 Jul 1994 | Labour | UK | |
| Harriet Harman | 11 May 2010 8 May 2015 |
25 Sep 2010 12 Sep 2015 |
LO 11 May 2010 – 25 Sep 2010 LO 8 May 2015 – 12 Sep 2015 |
Labour | UK | |
| Mary Lou McDonald | 10 Feb 2018 | Incumbent | LO 27 Jun 2020 – present | Sinn Féin | IE | |
| Kim Campbell | 13 Jun 1993 | 13 Dec 1993 | PM 25 Jun 1993 – 4 Nov 1993 | Conservative | CA | |
| Elsie Wayne | 4 Apr 1998 | 13 Nov 1998 | LO 4 Apr 1998 – 13 Nov 1998 | Conservative | CA | |
| Rona Ambrose | 5 Nov 2015 | 27 May 2017 | LO 5 Nov 2015 – 27 May 2017 | Conservative | CA | |
| Candice Bergen | 2 Feb 2022 | 10 Sep 2022 | LO 2 Feb 2022 – 10 Sep 2022 | Conservative | CA | |
| Julia Gillard | 24 Jun 2010 | 27 Jun 2013 | PM 24 Jun 2010 – 27 Jun 2013 | Labor | AU | |
| Sussan Ley | 03 May 2025 | Incumbent | LO 03 May 2025 – present | Liberal | AU | |
| Helen Clark | 1 Dec 1993 | 19 Nov 2008 | LO 1 Dec 1993 – 10 Dec 1999 PM 10 Dec 1999 – 19 Nov 2008 |
Labour | NZ | |
| Jacinda Ardern | 1 Aug 2017 | 22 Jan 2023 | LO 1 Aug 2017 – 26 Oct 2017 PM 26 Oct 2017 – 25 Jan 2023 |
Labour | NZ | |
| Jenny Shipley | 8 Dec 1997 | 8 Oct 2001 | PM 8 Dec 1997 – 10 Dec 1999 LO 10 Dec 1999 – 8 Oct 2001 |
National | NZ | |
| Judith Collins | 14 Jul 2020 | 25 Nov 2021 | LO 14 Jul 2020 – 25 Nov 2021 | National | NZ | |
- Bertha Wilson
- Claire L'Heureux-Dubé
- Beverley McLachlin
- Louise Arbour
- Marie Deschamps
- Rosalie Abella
- Louise Charron
- Andromache Karakatsanis
- Suzanne Côté
- Sheilah Martin
- Michelle O'Bonsawin
- Mary Moreau
Note: Bold denotes Chief Justice of Canada
- Sandra Day O'Connor
- Ruth Bader Ginsburg
- Sonia Sotomayor
- Elena Kagan
- Amy Coney Barrett
- Ketanji Brown Jackson
Presidential party candidates still living
| Name | Birth date | Age as of 22 February 2026 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Michael Dukakis | November 3, 1933 | 92 years, 3 months and 19 days | |
| Bill Clinton | August 19, 1946 | 79 years, 6 months and 3 days | |
| Al Gore | March 31, 1948 | 77 years, 10 months and 22 days | |
| George W. Bush | July 6, 1946 | 79 years, 7 months and 16 days | |
| John Kerry | December 11, 1943 | 82 years, 2 months and 11 days | |
| Barack Obama | August 4, 1961 | 64 years, 6 months and 18 days | |
| Mitt Romney | March 12, 1947 | 78 years, 11 months and 10 days | |
| Hillary Clinton | October 26, 1947 | 78 years, 3 months and 27 days | |
| Donald Trump | June 14, 1946 | 79 years, 8 months and 8 days | |
| Joe Biden | November 20, 1942 | 83 years, 3 months and 2 days | |
Note: Presidents are shown in bold.
Presidential and Vice Presidential party candidates
(Since 1976)
| Party candidates | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | |||
| 1976 | |||
| 1980 | |||
| 1980 | |||
| 1984 | |||
| 1984 | |||
| 1988 | Michael Dukakis | ||
| 1988 | Dan Quayle | ||
| 1992 | Dan Quayle | ||
| 1992 | Bill Clinton | Al Gore | |
| 1996 | Bill Clinton | Al Gore | |
| 1996 | |||
| 2000 | Al Gore | ||
| 2000 | George W. Bush | ||
| 2004 | George W. Bush | ||
| 2004 | John Kerry | John Edwards | |
| 2008 | Sarah Palin | ||
| 2008 | Barack Obama | Joe Biden | |
| 2012 | Barack Obama | Joe Biden | |
| 2012 | Mitt Romney | Paul Ryan | |
| 2016 | Hillary Clinton | Tim Kaine | |
| 2016 | Donald Trump | Mike Pence | |
| 2020 | Donald Trump | Mike Pence | |
| 2020 | Joe Biden | Kamala Harris | |
| 2024 | Kamala Harris | Tim Walz | |
| 2024 | Donald Trump | J. D. Vance | |
| 2028 | |||
| 2028 | |||
Note:
- Winning candidates shown in bold
(Name)= deceased
Key:
Winning ticket shown in bold.
Key:
Winning ticket of first / second ~ ladies and gents shown in bold.
All
Key:
Winning ticket shown in bold.
From Vice President to President
Never in history has an individual completed a full eight years as vice
president, then another full eight years as president. Not yet, anyway.
- Trump's Mount Rushmore
Political parties
UK Labour
UK Conservative
IE Fianna Fáil
IE Fine Gael
CA Liberal
CA Conservative
AU Labor
AU Liberal
NZ Labour
NZ National
Key:
Independent
Federalist
Democratic-Republican
National Republican
Whig
Democratic
Republican
Presidents are shown in bold.
| Year | Popular Vote winner | Electoral College winner | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1824 | Andrew Jackson | John Quincy Adams | ||
| 1876 | Samuel J. Tilden | Rutherford B. Hayes | ||
| 1888 | Grover Cleveland | Benjamin Harrison | ||
| 2000 | Al Gore | George W. Bush | ||
| 2016 | Hillary Clinton | Donald Trump | ||
See [here], also ...
| Year | Electoral College winner | Popular Vote winner | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | John F. Kennedy | Richard Nixon | ||
... and [here], too.
| United States Electoral College | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Representatives | = | 435 | ||
| United States Senate | = | 100 | ||
| Washington, D.C. | = | 003 | ||
| Total | = | 538 | ||
| (Electors) | ||||
- List of 2000 United States presidential electors
- List of 2004 United States presidential electors
- List of 2008 United States presidential electors
- List of 2012 United States presidential electors
- List of 2016 United States presidential electors
- List of 2020 United States presidential electors
- List of 2024 United States presidential electors
2020
- Tuesday, November 3, 2020 – Election Day
- Monday, December 14, 2020 – Electors cast their electoral votes
- Wednesday, January 6, 2021 – Congress counts and certifies the electoral votes
- Wednesday, January 20, 2021 – Inauguration Day
2024
- Tuesday, November 5, 2024 – Election Day
- Tuesday, December 17, 2024 – Electors cast their electoral votes
- Monday, January 6, 2025 – Congress counts and certifies the electoral votes
- Monday, January 20, 2025 – Inauguration Day
Personally for me, it doesn't matter who wins or not; though it is rather unfortunate
that the popular vote and the electoral vote are not in harmony with one another.
Totals
147 total, including secretary Jackson.
37 total, including secretary Bernard.
Templates
See also
Country and effective date of recognition as an independent country
| United Kingdom | 1 May 1707 |
|---|---|
| Ireland | 6 December 1922 |
| Canada | 1 July 1867 |
| United States | 12 May 1784 |
| Australia | 1 January 1901 |
| New Zealand | 10 December 1947 |
(United Kingdom initially as Great Britain)
| Heads of Government | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | UK – Margaret Thatcher | — | ||||
| CA – Brian Mulroney | ||||||
| US – Ronald Reagan | ||||||
| AU – Bob Hawke | ||||||
| NZ – David Lange | ||||||
| Conservatives shown in bold. | ||||||
John Paul II was pope during this time.
Elizabeth II was queen during this time.
World Wars (Europe)
| — | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | (1894) Dual Entente (Franco-Russian Entente) | (1904) Entente Cordiale | (1907) Anglo-Russian Entente | — |
| (1907) Triple Entente | ||||
| (1914) Quadruple Entente (Entente Powers) | ||||
| — | ||||
Central Powers
| — | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | (1879) Dual Alliance | (1914) German–Ottoman alliance | (1915) German–Bulgarian alliance | — |
| (1914) Quadruple Alliance (Central Powers) | ||||
| — | ||||
Allied Powers
| — | ||
|---|---|---|
| — | (1907) Triple Entente | — |
| (1939) Allies | ||
| — | ||
Axis Powers
| — | ||
|---|---|---|
| — | (1882) Triple Alliance (Axis) – (Austria remained neutral) | — |
| (1936) Axis | ||
| — | ||
| — | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — | European theatre of World War II | — | |
| Western Front | Eastern Front | ||
| — | |||
Reunification
| Ireland | |
|---|---|
| Republic of Ireland | Northern Ireland |
| (Reunification) | |
| Germany | |
|---|---|
| West Germany | East Germany |
| (Reunification) | |
- P-38 and P-51 can openers
| Aircraft | Can opener |
|---|---|
| Lockheed P-38 Lightning | P-38 can opener |
| North American P-51 Mustang | P-51 can opener |
The mustang flew by like a streak of lightning. ⚡
Note: The P-86 can opener was cancelled.
(In this case, the pen was mightier than the sword,
as it was ultimately cancelled while still in the early
stages of being developed, which quickly ended.)
- Air-superiority fighter succession
| United States | ||
|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Aircraft | Introduced |
| Lockheed Corporation | P-38 Lightning – (F-38) | 1941 |
| North American Aviation | P-51 Mustang – (F-51) | 1943 |
| North American Aviation | F-86 Sabre – (F-01) | 1949 |
| « Air-superiority » | ||
| McDonnell Aircraft Corporation | F-04 Phantom II | 1963 |
| McDonnell Douglas | F-15 Eagle | 1976 |
| Lockheed Martin Aeronautics | F-22 Raptor | 2005 |
| Boeing | F-47 — | c. 2030s |
Euro-fighter (T) series
| Europe | ||
|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Aircraft | Introduced |
| Panavia Aircraft | Tornado | 1979 |
| Eurofighter GmbH | Typhoon | 2003 |
| BAE Systems | Tempest | c. 2030s |
Hawker / Euro-fighter
| — | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | UK | Euro | — | ||||||
| 1939 | 
|
Hawker Tornado | Tornado | Panavia Tornado | 
|
1979 | |||
| 1941 |
|
Hawker Typhoon | Typhoon | Eurofighter Typhoon | 
|
2003 | |||
| 1943 |
|
Hawker Tempest | Tempest | BAE Systems Tempest | c. 2030s | ||||
| — | |||||||||
Note: UK and Italy 
in all three consortiums.
Succession
Sopwith → Hawker → Hawker Siddeley → BAe → BAE
Spanish roundel
- Spain
– only for the
Eurofighter Typhoon.
.svg){kind=small}
Currency
| US | CA | UK | EU | AU | NZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1¢ | 1p | 1c | |||
| — | — | 2p | 2c | ||
| 5¢ | 5¢ | 5p | 5c | 5c | |
| 10¢ | 10¢ | 10p | 10c | 10c | 10c |
| — | — | 20p | 20c | 20c | 20c |
| 25¢ | 25¢ | — | — | — | |
| 50¢ | 50¢ | 50p | 50c | 50c | 50c |
| $1 | $1 | £1 | €1 | $1 | $1 |
| — | $2 | £2 | €2 | $2 | $2 |
 Greenland
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Name | Municipal center | ISO[1] | 
|
— | |
| Non-municipality | ||||||
| Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq | N/a | N/a | ||||
| Municipalities | ||||||
| Avannaata | Ilulissat | GL-AV | ||||
| Qeqertalik | Aasiaat | GL-QT | ||||
| Qeqqata | Sisimiut | GL-QE | ||||
| Sermersooq | Nuuk | GL-SM | ||||
| Kujalleq | Qaqortoq | GL-KU | ||||
| — | ||||||
- ^ ISO 3166-2:GL (ISO 3166-2 codes for the subdivision of Greenland)
(06 July 1816 – 31 March 1948)
| Prefects of the Faroe Islands | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Term | Prefect | (Born–Died) | — |
| 1816–1828 | Emilius Marius Georgius Løbner | (1766–1849) | ||
| 1828–1830 | Christian Ludvig Tillisch | (1797–1844) | ||
| 1830–1837 | Frederik Ferdinand Tillisch | (1801–1889) | ||
| 1837–1848 | Christian Pløyen | (1803–1867) | ||
| 1849–1862 | Carl Emil Dahlerup | (1813–1890) | ||
| 1862–1871 | Peter Holten | (1816–1897) | ||
| 1871–1885 | Hannes Kristján Steingrímur Finsen | (1828–1892) | ||
| 1885–1897 | Lorentz Høyer Buchwaldt | (1841–1933) | ||
| 1897–1911 | Christian Baerentsen | (1862–1944) | ||
| 1911–1918 | Svenning Krag Nielsen Rytter | (1875–1957) | ||
| 1918–1920 | Victor Stahlschmidt | (1884–1920) | ||
| 1920–1929 | Elias Olrik | (1885–1975) | ||
| 1929–1936 | Hjalmar Ringberg | (1889–1978) | ||
| 1936–1945 | Carl Aage Hilbert | (1899–1953) | ||
| 1945–1948 | Cai Andrias Vagn-Hansen | (1911–1990) | ||
| (Succeeded by High Commissioner of the Faroe Islands) | ||||
(Since 01 April 1948)
(01 June 1950 – 30 April 1979)
| Governors of Greenland | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Term | Governor | (Born–Died) | — |
| 1950–1955 | Poul Hugo Lundsteen | (1910–1988) | ||
| 1955–1956 | Niels Otto Christensen | (1917–2003) | ||
| 1956–1960 | Poul Hugo Lundsteen | (1910–1988) | ||
| 1960–1963 | Finn Carsten Nielsen | (1913–1995) | ||
| 1963–1973 | Niels Otto Christensen | (1917–2003) | ||
| 1973–1979 | Hans Jacob Lassen | (1926–2011) | ||
| (Succeeded by High Commissioner of Greenland) | ||||
(Since 01 May 1979)
| Politics of Greenland | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Premier | High Commissioner | Monarch | |||||||||
| 1979–1991 | Jonathan Motzfeldt | Torben Hede Pedersen | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 1991–1992 | Lars-Emil Johansen | Torben Hede Pedersen | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 1992–1995 | Lars-Emil Johansen | Steen Spore | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 1995–1997 | Lars-Emil Johansen | Gunnar Martens | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 1997–2002 | Jonathan Motzfeldt | Gunnar Martens | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2002–2002 | Jonathan Motzfeldt | Peter Lauritzen | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2002–2005 | Hans Enoksen | Peter Lauritzen | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2005–2009 | Hans Enoksen | Søren Hald Møller | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2009–2011 | Kuupik Kleist | Søren Hald Møller | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2011–2013 | Kuupik Kleist | Mikaela Engell | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2013–2014 | Aleqa Hammond | Mikaela Engell | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2014–2021 | Kim Kielsen | Mikaela Engell | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2021–2022 | Múte Bourup Egede | Mikaela Engell | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2022–2024 | Múte Bourup Egede | Julie Præst Wilche | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2024–2025 | Múte Bourup Egede | Julie Præst Wilche | Frederik X | |||||||||
| 2025–present | Jens-Frederik Nielsen | Julie Præst Wilche | Frederik X | |||||||||
| — | ||||||||||||
(Since 11 Dec 1931)
| CA | US |
|---|
| US / MX | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | US presidents | Date | MX presidents | – | ||||
| Gerald Ford | 01 Dec 1976 – 20 Jan 1977 | José López Portillo | ||||||
| Jimmy Carter | 20 Jan 1977 – 20 Jan 1981 | José López Portillo | ||||||
| Ronald Reagan | 20 Jan 1981 – 30 Nov 1982 | José López Portillo | ||||||
| Ronald Reagan | 01 Dec 1982 – 20 Jan 1985 | Miguel de la Madrid | ||||||
| Ronald Reagan | 20 Jan 1985 – 30 Nov 1988 | Miguel de la Madrid | ||||||
| Ronald Reagan | 01 Dec 1988 – 20 Jan 1989 | Carlos Salinas de Gortari | ||||||
| George H. W. Bush | 20 Jan 1989 – 20 Jan 1993 | Carlos Salinas de Gortari | ||||||
| Bill Clinton | 20 Jan 1993 – 30 Nov 1994 | Carlos Salinas de Gortari | ||||||
| Bill Clinton | 01 Dec 1994 – 20 Jan 1997 | Ernesto Zedillo | ||||||
| Bill Clinton | 20 Jan 1997 – 30 Nov 2000 | Ernesto Zedillo | ||||||
| Bill Clinton | 01 Dec 2000 – 20 Jan 2001 | Vicente Fox | ||||||
| George W. Bush | 20 Jan 2001 – 20 Jan 2005 | Vicente Fox | ||||||
| George W. Bush | 20 Jan 2005 – 30 Nov 2006 | Vicente Fox | ||||||
| George W. Bush | 01 Dec 2006 – 20 Jan 2009 | Felipe Calderón | ||||||
| Barack Obama | 20 Jan 2009 – 30 Nov 2012 | Felipe Calderón | ||||||
| Barack Obama | 01 Dec 2012 – 20 Jan 2013 | Enrique Peña Nieto | ||||||
| Barack Obama | 20 Jan 2013 – 20 Jan 2017 | Enrique Peña Nieto | ||||||
| Donald Trump | 20 Jan 2017 – 30 Nov 2018 | Enrique Peña Nieto | ||||||
| Donald Trump | 01 Dec 2018 – 20 Jan 2021 | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | ||||||
| Joe Biden | 20 Jan 2021 – 30 Sep 2024 | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | ||||||
| Joe Biden | 01 Oct 2024 – 20 Jan 2025 | Claudia Sheinbaum | ||||||
| Donald Trump | 20 Jan 2025 – 20 Jan 2029 | Claudia Sheinbaum | ||||||
| 20 Jan 2029 – 30 Sep 2030 | Claudia Sheinbaum | |||||||
| 01 Oct 2030 – 20 Jan 2033 | ||||||||
| 20 Jan 2033 – 30 Sep 2036 | ||||||||
| 01 Oct 2036 – 20 Jan 2037 | ||||||||
| 20 Jan 2037 – 20 Jan 2041 | ||||||||
| — | ||||||||
.svg){kind=logo}
.svg){kind=logo}
.svg){kind=small}
- (1940–1946) – Javier Rojo Gómez
- (1946–1952) – Fernando Casas Germán
- (1952–1966) – Ernesto Uruchurtu
- (1966–1970) – Alfonso Corona del Rosal
- (1970–1971) – Alfonso Martínez Domínguez
- (1971–1976) – Octavio Gómez Senties
- (1976–1982) – Carlos Hank González
- (1982–1988) – Ramón Aguirre Velázquez
- (1988–1993) – Manuel Camacho Solís
- (1993–1994) – Manuel Aguilera Gómez
- (1994–1997) – Óscar Espinosa Villarreal
- (1997–1999) – Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas
- (1999–2000) – Rosario Robles
- (2000–2005) – Andrés Manuel López Obrador
- (2005–2006) – Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez
- (2006–2012) – Marcelo Ebrard
- (2012–2018) – Miguel Ángel Mancera
- (2018–2018) – José Ramón Amieva
- (2018–2023) – Claudia Sheinbaum
- (2023–2024) – Martí Batres
- (2024–20––) – Clara Brugada
 Japan | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
_Flag.svg){kind=small} Leaders of the Liberal Democratic Party |
 Prime ministers of Japan | ||||||||||
| Name (Birth–death) |
Constituency / title | Took office | Left office | Name | Term start | Term end | |||||
| Ichirō Hatoyama (1883–1959)
|
Rep for Tokyo 1st |
5 April 1956 | 14 December 1956 | (same) | 5 April 1956 | 23 December 1956 | |||||
| Tanzan Ishibashi (1884–1973)
|
Rep for Shizuoka 2nd |
14 December 1956 | 21 March 1957 | (same) | 23 December 1956 | 25 February 1957 | |||||
| Nobusuke Kishi (1896–1987)
|
Rep for Yamaguchi 1st |
21 March 1957 | 14 July 1960 | (same) | 25 February 1957 | 19 July 1960 | |||||
| Hayato Ikeda (1899–1965)
|
Rep for Hiroshima 2nd |
14 July 1960 | 1 December 1964 | (same) | 19 July 1960 | 9 November 1964 | |||||
| Eisaku Satō (1901–1975)
|
Rep for Yamaguchi 2nd |
1 December 1964 | 5 July 1972 | (same) | 9 November 1964 | 7 July 1972 | |||||
| Kakuei Tanaka (1918–1993)
|
Rep for Niigata 3rd |
5 July 1972 | 4 December 1974 | (same) | 7 July 1972 | 9 December 1974 | |||||
| Takeo Miki (1907–1988)
|
Rep for Tokushima At-large |
4 December 1974 | 23 December 1976 | (same) | 9 December 1974 | 24 December 1976 | |||||
| Takeo Fukuda (1905–1995)
|
Rep for Gunma 3rd |
23 December 1976 | 1 December 1978 | (same) | 24 December 1976 | 7 December 1978 | |||||
| Masayoshi Ōhira (1910–1980) (Died in office)
|
Rep for Kagawa 2nd |
1 December 1978 | 12 June 1980 | (same) | 7 December 1978 | 12 June 1980 | |||||
| Eiichi Nishimura (1897–1987) Acting |
Rep for Ōita 2nd |
12 June 1980 | 15 July 1980 | Masayoshi Ito (1913–1994) Acting |
12 June 1980 | 17 July 1980 | |||||
| Zenkō Suzuki (1911–2004)
|
Rep for Iwate 1st |
15 July 1980 | 25 November 1982 | (same) | 17 July 1980 | 27 November 1982 | |||||
| Yasuhiro Nakasone (1918–2019)
|
Rep for Gunma 3rd |
25 November 1982 | 31 October 1987 | (same) | 27 November 1982 | 6 November 1987 | |||||
| Noboru Takeshita (1924–2000)
|
Rep for Shimane At-large |
31 October 1987 | 2 June 1989 | (same) | 6 November 1987 | 3 June 1989 | |||||
| Sōsuke Uno (1922–1998)
|
Rep for Shiga At-large |
2 June 1989 | 8 August 1989 | (same) | 3 June 1989 | 10 August 1989 | |||||
| Toshiki Kaifu (1931–2022)
|
Rep for Aichi 3rd |
8 August 1989 | 30 October 1991 | (same) | 10 August 1989 | 5 November 1991 | |||||
| Kiichi Miyazawa (1919–2007)
|
Rep for Hiroshima 3rd |
30 October 1991 | 29 July 1993 | (same) | 5 November 1991 | 9 August 1993 | |||||
| Yōhei Kōno (b. 1937) — |
Rep for Kanagawa 5th |
29 July 1993 | 1 October 1995 | Morihiro Hosokawa (b. 1938)
|
9 August 1993 | 28 April 1994 | |||||
| Tsutomu Hata (1935–2017)
|
28 April 1994 | 30 June 1994 | |||||||||
| Tomiichi Murayama (b. 1924)
|
30 June 1994 | 11 January 1996 | |||||||||
| Ryutaro Hashimoto (1937–2006)
|
Rep for Okayama 4th |
1 October 1995 | 24 July 1998 | (same) | 11 January 1996 | 30 July 1998 | |||||
| Keizō Obuchi (1937–2000)
|
Rep for Gunma 5th |
24 July 1998 | 5 April 2000 | (same) | 30 July 1998 | 5 April 2000 | |||||
| Yoshirō Mori (b. 1937)
|
Rep for Ishikawa 2nd |
5 April 2000 | 24 April 2001 | (same) | 5 April 2000 | 26 April 2001 | |||||
| Junichiro Koizumi (b. 1942)
|
Rep for Kanagawa 11th |
24 April 2001 | 20 September 2006 | (same) | 26 April 2001 | 26 September 2006 | |||||
| Shinzo Abe (1954–2022)
|
Rep for Yamaguchi 4th |
20 September 2006 | 26 September 2007 | (same) | 26 September 2006 | 26 September 2007 | |||||
| Yasuo Fukuda (b. 1936)
|
Rep for Gunma 4th |
26 September 2007 | 22 September 2008 | (same) | 26 September 2007 | 24 September 2008 | |||||
| Tarō Asō (b. 1940)
|
Rep for Fukuoka 8th |
22 September 2008 | 28 September 2009 | (same) | 24 September 2008 | 16 September 2009 | |||||
| Sadakazu Tanigaki (b. 1945) — |
Rep for Kyoto 5th |
28 September 2009 | 26 September 2012 | Yukio Hatoyama (b. 1947)
|
16 September 2009 | 8 June 2010 | |||||
| Naoto Kan (b. 1946)
|
8 June 2010 | 2 September 2011 | |||||||||
| Yoshihiko Noda (b. 1957)
|
2 September 2011 | 26 December 2012 | |||||||||
| Shinzo Abe (1954–2022)
|
Rep for Yamaguchi 4th |
26 September 2012 | 14 September 2020 | (same) | 26 December 2012 | 16 September 2020 | |||||
| Yoshihide Suga (b. 1948)
|
Rep for Kanagawa 2nd |
14 September 2020 | 29 September 2021 | (same) | 16 September 2020 | 4 October 2021 | |||||
| Fumio Kishida (b. 1957)
|
Rep for Hiroshima 1st |
29 September 2021 | 27 September 2024 | (same) | 4 October 2021 | 1 October 2024 | |||||
| Shigeru Ishiba (b. 1957)
|
Rep for Tottori 1st |
27 September 2024 | 4 October 2025 | (same) | 1 October 2024 | 15 October 2025 | |||||
| Sanae Takaichi (b. 1961)
|
Rep for Nara 2nd |
4 October 2025 | Incumbent | (same) | 21 October 2025 | Incumbent | |||||
| denotes Prime Minister of Japan
|
|||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
Note: In 1980, Masayoshi Ito was acting prime minister while Eiichi Nishimura was acting LDP leader.
Single-party states
| Single-party states | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Capital | Party | Date | ||
| North Korea | Pyongyang | Workers' Party of Korea | 9 Sep 1948 | ||
| China | Beijing | Chinese Communist Party | 1 Oct 1949 | ||
| Cuba | Havana | Communist Party of Cuba | 3 Oct 1965 | ||
| Eritrea | Asmara | Eritrean People's Front – (a Shabia §) | 1 Aug 1973 | ||
| Laos | Vientiane | Lao People's Revolutionary Party | 2 Dec 1975 | ||
| Vietnam | Hanoi | Communist Party of Vietnam | 2 Jul 1976 | ||
| ·§· ·§· | |||||
Bold denotes the highest position in the CCP, being the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
| Picture | Name | Offices | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Jiang Zemin 江泽民 |
General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee | 24 June 1989 – 15 November 2002 |
| Chairman of the CCP Central Military Commission | 9 November 1989 – 19 September 2004 | ||
| Chairman of the PRC Central Military Commission | 19 March 1990 – 13 March 2005 | ||
| President of the PRC | 27 March 1993 – 15 March 2003 | ||
|
Hu Jintao 胡锦涛 |
General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee | 15 November 2002 – 15 November 2012 |
| Chairman of the CCP Central Military Commission | 19 September 2004 – 15 November 2012 | ||
| Chairman of the PRC Central Military Commission | 13 March 2005 – 14 March 2013 | ||
| President of the PRC | 15 March 2003 – 14 March 2013 | ||
|
Xi Jinping 习近平 |
General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee | 15 November 2012 – Incumbent |
| Chairman of the CCP Central Military Commission | 15 November 2012 – Incumbent | ||
| Chairman of the PRC Central Military Commission | 14 March 2013 – Incumbent | ||
| President of the PRC | 14 March 2013 – Incumbent | ||
| — | |||
China has had only three leaders since 27 March 1993, all shown above.
Mao dynasty
- Male-line descent
- Mao Enpu (?–?) ∞ Liu (?–?)
- Mao Yichang (1870–1920) ∞ Wen Qimei (1867–1919)
- Mao Zedong (1893–1976) ∞ Yang Kaihui (1901–1930)
- Mao Anqing (1924–2007) ∞ Shao Hua (1938–2008)
- Mao Xinyu (born 1970) ∞ Liu Bin (born 1977)
- Mao Dongdong (born 2003) ∞
- General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- List of leaders of the Soviet Union
- List of leaders of the Russian SFSR
- List of presidents of Russia
- List of heads of state of the Soviet Union
- List of heads of state of Russia
- List of heads of government of Russia
- Premier of the Soviet Union
- First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union
- First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia
- Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)
- List of Soviet foreign ministers
- List of Chairmen of the Federation Council (Russia)
- List of Deputy Chairmen of the Federation Council of Russia
- List of chairmen of the State Duma
- List of Deputy Chairmen of the State Duma
- United Russia
(Will fix Soviet listing at a later date)
| Leader of the Soviet Union | ||
|---|---|---|
| Date | Name | |
| Joseph Stalin | 02 Sep 1945 – 16 Oct 1952 | |
| Georgy Malenkov | 16 Oct 1952 – 05 Mar 1953 | |
| Nikolai Bulganin | 05 Mar 1953 – 14 Sep 1953 | |
| Nikita Khrushchev | 14 Sep 1953 – 14 Oct 1964 | |
| Leonid Brezhnev | 14 Oct 1964 – 10 Nov 1982 | |
| Yuri Andropov | 10 Nov 1982 – 09 Feb 1984 | |
| Konstantin Chernenko | 09 Feb 1984 – 10 Mar 1985 | |
| Andrei Gromyko | 10 Mar 1985 – 01 Oct 1988 | |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | 01 Oct 1988 – 24 Aug 1991 | |
| Vladimir Ivashko | 24 Aug 1991 – 29 Aug 1991 | |
| (Vacant) | 29 Aug 1991 – 26 Dec 1991 | |
| — | 26 Dec 1991 – 31 Dec 1991 | |
| · | ||
| Leader of Russia | ||
| Name | Date | |
| Boris Yeltsin | 31 Dec 1991 – 25 Dec 1993 25 Dec 1993 – 03 Jul 1996 03 Jul 1996 – 31 Dec 1999 | |
| Vladimir Putin | 31 Dec 1999 – 26 Mar 2000 26 Mar 2000 – 14 Mar 2004 14 Mar 2004 – 02 Mar 2008 | |
| Dmitry Medvedev | 02 Mar 2008 – 04 Mar 2012 | |
| Vladimir Putin | 04 Mar 2012 – 18 Mar 2018 18 Mar 2018 – 17 Mar 2024 | |
| · | ||
CPSU Independent United Russia
(Founded by Viktor Chernomyrdin in 1989)
- Leader
- 1989–1991 – Mikhail Gorbachev
- 1991–1999 – Boris Yeltsin
- 1999–2008 – Vladimir Putin
- 2008–2012 – Dmitry Medvedev
- 2012–present – Vladimir Putin
- Chairperson
- 1989–1992 – ~Viktor Chernomyrdin~
- 1992–2000 – Rem Viakhirev
- 2000–2001 – Dmitry Medvedev
- 2001–2002 – Rem Viakhirev
- 2002–2008 – Dmitry Medvedev
- 2008–present – Viktor Zubkov
- CEO
- 1989–1992 – Viktor Chernomyrdin
- 1992–2001 – Rem Viakhirev
- 2001–present – Alexey Miller
See also
- United Russia – political party of Gazprom
- All-Russia People's Front – national affiliation of United Russia
| Nord Stream AG | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pipeline | From | To |
| Nord Stream 1 | Vyborg | Lubmin |
| Nord Stream 2 | Ust-Luga | |
| (Sabotage · Gazprom) | ||
Name vs. Nationality
Alexey Miller – (German surname)
David McAllister – (Scottish surname)
Standard Oil – (S. O. → Esso)
- The Seven Sisters (Anglo-American)
- Anglo-Iranian Oil Company → (BP) (Britain)
- Gulf Oil → (Chevron) (United States)
- Shell (Britain)
- Standard Oil of California → (Chevron) (United States)
- Standard Oil of New Jersey → (Esso → Exxon) (United States)
- Standard Oil of New York → (Socony → Mobil) (United States)
- Texaco → (Chevron) (United States)
- The New Seven Sisters
- CNPC (China)
- Gazprom (Russia)
- National Iranian Oil Company (Iran)
- PDVSA (Venezuela)
- Petrobras (Brazil)
- Petronas (Malaysia)
- Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia)
| Class I rail in North America | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rail | Trackage | Owner | ||
| Canada | United States | Mexico | ||
| Passenger | ||||
| Via Rail | Yes | No | No | Crown Corporation |
| Amtrak | Yes | Yes | No | U.S. Government |
| Freight | ||||
| CPKC Limited | Yes [Note 1] |
Yes [Note 2] |
Yes [Note 3] |
Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited |
| Canadian National Railway | Yes | Yes [Note 4] |
No | Cascade Investment |
| CSX Transportation | Yes | Yes | No | CSX Corporation |
| BNSF Railway | Yes | Yes | No | Berkshire Hathaway |
| Norfolk Southern Railway | Yes | Yes | No | Norfolk Southern Corporation |
| Union Pacific Railroad | No | Yes [Note 5] |
No | Union Pacific Corporation |
| Ferromex | No | No | Yes | Grupo México |
| — | ||||
- ^ Kansas City Southern Railway acquired by Canadian Pacific Railway and renamed Canadian Pacific Kansas City (effective date: April 14, 2023).
- ^ Operated by Soo Line Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Railway.
- ^ Operated by Kansas City Southern de México, a wholly owned subsidiary of Kansas City Southern.
- ^ Operated by Grand Trunk Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Canadian National Railway.
- ^ Union Pacific Railroad plans to acquire, if approved, Norfolk Southern Railway.
| Volkseigener Betrieb → | Treuhandanstalt → | Bundesanstalt für vereinigungsbedingte Sonderaufgaben (BvS) | |
| TLG Immobilien GmbH (TLG) → | Aroundtown (en) | ||
| BVVG Bodenverwertungs- und -verwaltungs GmbH (BVVG) | |||
Coin circulation
| Deutsche Mark | East German mark | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Material | Mark | Front | Back | Material |
| Copper-plated steel | 1pf |  |
 |
Aluminium | ||
| Bronze-plated steel | 2pf | N/a | N/a | N/a | ||
| Brass-plated steel | 5pf |  |
 |
Aluminium | ||
| Brass-plated steel | 10pf |  |
 |
Aluminium | ||
| N/a | N/a | N/a | 20pf | Brass | ||
| Cupro-nickel | 50pf |  |
 |
Aluminium | ||
| Cupro-nickel | (D)M1 |  |
 |
Aluminium | ||
| Cupro-nickel | (D)M2 |  |
 |
Aluminium | ||
| Cupro-nickel | (D)M5 | Nickel-bronze | ||||
Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867–1918)
| Austria-Hungary | ||
|---|---|---|
| Empire | ||
|
Cisleithania | Vienna |
| State | Capital | |
| Kingdoms | ||
|
Bohemia (Land of the Bohemian Crown) | Prague |
|
Dalmatia | Zadar |
|
Galicia and Lodomeria | Lviv |
| Archduchies | ||
|
Upper Austria (above the Enns) | Linz |
|
Lower Austria (below the Enns) | Vienna |
| Grand Duchies | ||
|
Kraków (subdivision of Galicia and Lodomeria) | Kraków |
| Duchies | ||
|
Bukovina | Chernivtsi |
|
Carinthia | Klagenfurt |
|
Carniola | Ljubljana |
|
Salzburg | Salzburg |
|
Silesia (Land of the Bohemian Crown) | Opava |
|
Styria | Graz |
| Margraviates | ||
|
Istria (part of the Austrian Littoral) | Rovinj |
|
Moravia (Land of the Bohemian Crown) | Brno |
| Princely Counties | ||
|
Gorizia and Gradisca (part of the Austrian Littoral) | Gorizia |
|
|
Tyrol | Innsbruck |
|
Vorarlberg | Bregenz |
| Free Cities | ||
|
Trieste (part of the Austrian Littoral) | Trieste |
| Condominium | ||
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina (governed jointly by Cisleithania and Transleithania) | Sarajevo |
| — | ||
| — | ||
| Austria-Hungary | ||
|---|---|---|
| Empire | ||
|
|
Transleithania | Budapest |
| State | Capital | |
| Kingdoms | ||
|
Hungary | Budapest |
|
Croatia-Slavonia | Zagreb |
| Free Cities | ||
|
Fiume | Rijeka |
| Condominium | ||
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina (governed jointly by Cisleithania and Transleithania) | Sarajevo |
| — | ||
| — | ||
Note: Charles I of Austria, last monarch of all of the above.
German Empire (1871–1918)
 East Germany
| ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | Past | Present | — | — | |||
| — | Pre–Bezirke | — | Post–Bezirke | — | ||||
| — | Capital / Hauptstadt | State / Länder | Capital / Hauptstadt | State / Länder | — | |||
| — |  East Berlin
|
East Berlin
|
→ |  Berlin
|
Berlin
|
— | ||
| — |  Potsdam
|
.svg){kind=small} Brandenburg
|
→ | Potsdam
|
 Brandenburg
|
— | ||
| — |  Rostock
|
 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
|
→ |  Schwerin
|
 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
|
— | ||
| — |  Dresden
|
 Saxony
|
→ | Dresden
|
Saxony
|
— | ||
| — |  Halle (Saale)
|
 Saxony-Anhalt
|
→ |  Magdeburg
|
 Saxony-Anhalt
|
— | ||
| — |  Erfurt
|
 Thuringia
|
→ | Erfurt
|
Thuringia
|
— | ||
| — | — | |||||||
| — | — | |||||||
| — | ||||||||
| State capital | |
| Berlin
| |
| Brandenburg
| |
| Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
| |
| Saxony
| |
| Saxony-Anhalt
| |
| Thuringia
|
.svg){kind=small}
| ISO | State | Capital |
|---|---|---|
| BB | Brandenburg (Brandenburg) | Potsdam (Potsdam) |
| BE | Berlin (Berlin) | Berlin (Berlin) |
| BW | Baden-Württemberg (Baden-Württemberg) | Stuttgart (Stuttgart) |
| BY | Bavaria (Bayern) | Munich (München) |
| HB | Bremen (Bremen) | Bremen (Bremen) |
| HE | Hesse (Hessen) | Wiesbaden (Wiesbaden) |
| HH | Hamburg (Hamburg) | Hamburg (Hamburg) |
| MV | Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) | Schwerin (Schwerin) |
| NI | Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) | Hanover (Hannover) |
| NW | North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Düsseldorf (Düsseldorf) |
| RP | Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) | Mainz (Mainz) |
| SH | Schleswig-Holstein (Schleswig-Holstein) | Kiel (Kiel) |
| SL | Saarland (Saarland) | Saarbrücken (Saarbrücken) |
| SN | Saxony (Sachsen) | Dresden (Dresden) |
| ST | Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Magdeburg (Magdeburg) |
| TH | Thuringia (Thüringen) | Erfurt (Erfurt) |
| ISO | State | Capital |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burgenland (Burgenland) | Eisenstadt (Eisenstadt) |
| 2 | Carinthia (Kärnten) | Klagenfurt (Klagenfurt am Wörthersee) |
| 3 | Lower Austria (Niederösterreich) | Sankt Pölten (St. Pölten) |
| 4 | Upper Austria (Oberösterreich) | Linz (Linz) |
| 5 | Salzburg (Salzburg) | Salzburg (Salzburg) |
| 6 | Styria (Steiermark) | Graz (Graz) |
| 7 | Tyrol (Tirol) | Innsbruck (Innsbruck) |
| 8 | Vorarlberg (Vorarlberg) | Bregenz (Bregenz) |
| 9 | Vienna (Wien) | Vienna (Wien) |
| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chancellor of the German Reich | 30 January 1933 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Vice-Chancellor of the German Reich | 30 January 1933 | 7 August 1934 | Independent | ||
| Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs | 30 January 1933 | 4 February 1938 | Independent | ||
| 4 February 1938 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister of the Interior | 30 January 1933 | 24 August 1943 | NSDAP | ||
| 24 August 1943 | 29 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister of Finance | 30 January 1933 | 30 April 1945 | Independent | ||
| Reich Minister of Justice | 30 January 1933 | 29 January 1941 | DNVP | ||
| 29 January 1941 | 24 August 1942 | NSDAP | |||
| 24 August 1942 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister of the Reichswehr (from 21 May 1935, Reich Minister of War) | 30 January 1933 | 4 February 1938 | Independent | ||
| Reich Minister of Economics | 30 January 1933 | 29 June 1933 | DNVP | ||
| 29 June 1933 | 3 August 1934 | NSDAP | |||
| 3 August 1934 | 26 November 1937 | Independent | |||
| 26 November 1937 | 15 January 1938 | NSDAP | |||
| 5 February 1938 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister for Food and Agriculture | Alfred Hugenberg | 30 January 1933 | 29 June 1933 | DNVP | |
| 29 June 1933 | 6 April 1944 | NSDAP | |||
| 6 April 1944 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister of Labour | 30 January 1933 | 30 April 1945 | DNVP | ||
| Reich Postal Minister | 30 January 1933 | 2 February 1937 | Independent | ||
| 2 February 1937 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister of Transport | Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach | 30 January 1933 | 2 February 1937 | Independent | |
| 2 February 1937 | 30 April 1945 | Independent | |||
| Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda | 13 March 1933 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Reich Minister of Aviation | Hermann Göring | 1 May 1933 | 23 April 1945 | NSDAP | |
| Reich Minister of Science, Education and Culture | 1 May 1934 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Reich Minister for Church Affairs | 16 July 1935 | 14 December 1941 | NSDAP | ||
| 15 December 1941 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister for Armaments and Munitions (from 2 September 1943, for Armaments and War Production) | 17 March 1940 | 8 February 1942 | NSDAP | ||
| 8 February 1942 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories | 17 July 1941 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Reich Ministers without Portfolio (Reichsministers ohne Geschäftsbereich) (before 1938) | Hermann Göring (Reichskommissar for Air Traffic) | 30 January 1933 | 27 April 1933 | NSDAP | |
Ernst Röhm † (Stabschef of the SA) | 1 December 1933 | 1 July 1934 | NSDAP | ||
| 1 December 1933 | 10 May 1941 | NSDAP | |||
Hanns Kerrl (First Deputy President of the Reichstag) | 17 June 1934 | 16 July 1935 | NSDAP | ||
Hans Frank (Governor-General of Occupied Poland from 1939) | 19 December 1934 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
Hjalmar Schacht (President of the Reichsbank to 1939) | 26 November 1937 | 22 January 1943 | NSDAP | ||
Hans Lammers (Chief of Reich Chancellery) | 26 November 1937 | 24 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Reich Ministers (from 1938) | Konstantin von Neurath (Reich Protector of Bohemia-Moravia, 1939-43) | 4 February 1938 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |
Arthur Seyss-Inquart (Reichskommissar of the Netherlands from 1940) | 1 May 1939 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
Wilhelm Frick (Reich Protector of Bohemia-Moravia, 1943-5) | 24 August 1943 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
Konstantin Hierl (Chief of the Reich Labour Service) | 24 August 1943 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Members with cabinet rank and authority but without the formal title of Reichsminister | Günther Gereke (Reichskommissar for Employment) | 30 January 1933 | 30 March 1933 | Independent | |
| 20 April 1936 | 4 February 1938 | Independent | |||
| 20 April 1936 | 30 January 1943 | Independent | |||
Otto Meissner (Minister of State and Chief of the Presidential Chancellery) | 1 December 1937 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| 4 February 1938 | 30 April 1945 | Independent | |||
| 4 February 1938 | 19 December 1941 | Independent | |||
Martin Bormann (Chief of the Nazi Party Chancellery) | 29 May 1941 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| 30 January 1943 | 30 April 1945 | Independent | |||
| 24 August 1943 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reichspräsident | 30 April 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Chancellor | 30 April 1945 | 1 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Party Minister | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister for Foreign Affairs | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of the Interior | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of War | Karl Dönitz | 30 April 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | |
| Supreme Commander of the Army | 30 April 1945 | 8 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Supreme Commander of the Navy | Karl Dönitz | 30 January 1943 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | |
| Supreme Commander of the Air Force | 26 April 1945 | 8 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Head of the SS and German Police | 30 April 1945 | 8 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Reich Minister of Economics | 5 February 1938 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister for Food and Agriculture | 23 May 1942 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Justice | 24 August 1942 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Culture | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Propaganda | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Finance | 1 June 1932 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Labour | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Armament | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Leader of the Deutscher Arbeitsfront | 10 May 1933 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reichspräsident | 30 April 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| 2 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Finance | Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk | 1 June 1932 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | |
| Minister of Transport | 2 February 1937 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister for Food, Agriculture and Forests | 23 May 1942 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Industry and Production | 5 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister for Labor and Social Affairs | 5 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of the Interior | 5 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Culture | Wilhelm Stuckart | 5 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | |
| Minister of Justice | 5 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister for Communications and Posts | Julius Dorpmüller | 5 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | |
- Hans-Georg von Friedeburg – Kriegsmarine (navy)
- Hans-Jürgen Stumpff – Luftwaffe (air force)
- Wilhelm Keitel – Heer (army)
(Alfred Jodl was Keitel's successor soon thereafter.)
Nazi Germans
.svg){kind=small}
Deaths in chronological order
» Concerning 11 of the 55 Nazi members listed in the above tables,
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, Herbert Backe, and Karl Dönitz are
the only people to serve in all three World War II German cabinets.
Three others, Franz Seldte, Julius Dorpmüller, and Albert Speer, had
been in the first cabinet, not the second, and returned for the third.
Otto Thierack, Walther Funk, Joseph Goebbels, Arthur Seyss-Inquart,
and Martin Bormann, were in the first two cabinets, but not the third.
Clarification – For the record, I'm no Nazi, and I'm no Communist.
- (0800–0962) – Pre–Reich
- (0962–1806) – First Reich
- (1806–1871) –
- (1871–1918) – Second Reich
- (1918–1933) – Weimar Republic
- (1933–1945) – Third Reich
- (1945–20––) –
- (–––––––––) – Fourth Reich
- Getting the two mixed up
- Heimlich maneuver → Abdominal thrusts – (Stand behind victim, exerting pressure on diaphragm, which should exert pressure on object to expel it.)
- Heinrich maneuver → Cyanide poisoning – (Pop into one's mouth, forcibly keeping it shut, until they've expired.)
- See also
List of last words // last words —
Oscar Wilde, on his deathbed, surrounded only by the bedroom door, walls, and the things on those walls: "Either that wallpaper goes, or I go!" Then he died.[1][2]
References
- ^ Miller, Oliver (May 23, 2012). "Famous Last Words". Thought Catalog.
- ^ Gover, Dominic (September 3, 2013). "Seamus Heaney, Steve Jobs, Oscar Wilde, Karl Marx: Famous Last Words". International Business Times UK. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- (1949–1990)
| Category:Films set in East Germany | |
|---|---|
| 1953 | Man on a Tightrope |
| 1953 | The Man Between |
| 1954 | Night People |
| 1955 | Break in the Circle |
| 1960 | Beyond the Curtain |
| 1960 | Man on a String |
| 1961 | Question 7 |
| 1961 | One, Two, Three |
| 1962 | The Devil's Agent |
| 1962 | Escape from East Berlin |
| 1963 | Stop Train 349 |
| 1963 | The Man Who Finally Died |
| 1965 | The Spy Who Came In from the Cold |
| 1966 | Torn Curtain |
| 1966 | The Defector |
| 1967 | The Naked Runner |
| 1968 | The Wicked Dreams of Paula Schultz |
| 1968 | The Limbo Line |
| 1970 | The Looking Glass War |
| 1971 | To Catch a Spy |
| 1974 | Who? |
| 1975 | Inside Out |
| 1979 | Charlie Muffin – (TV film) |
| 1982 | Night Crossing |
| 1982 | The Soldier |
| 1982 | Enigma |
| 1984 | The Cold Room – (TV film) |
| 1984 | Top Secret! |
| 1985 | Gotcha! |
| 1985 | Red Heat |
| 1985 | Wild Geese II |
| 1985 | Target |
| 1986 | Fatherland |
| 1987 | Wings of Desire |
| 1988 | Judgment in Berlin |
Does not include films that are part of a film series.
(West) ←Berlin→ (East) — (West) ←Germany→ (East)
- Soviet occupation zone in Germany
- Allied-occupied Germany
- List of administrators of Allied-occupied Germany
- List of commandants of Berlin Sectors
- Soviet occupation zone in Austria
- Allied-occupied Austria
- List of administrators of Allied-occupied Austria
- List of commandants of Vienna Sectors
-
The occupied sectors of Germany -
The occupied sectors of Germany -
The occupied sectors of Berlin -
The occupied sectors of Berlin -
The occupied sectors of Berlin -
The occupied sectors of Vienna -
The occupied sectors of Vienna -
The occupied sectors of Austria -
The occupied sectors of Austria
.png)
.png)
.png)
.png){kind=small}
 Germany 
| ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NATO |
|
Western Bloc |
|
West Germany |
|
Germany |
|
East Germany |
|
Eastern Bloc |
|
Warsaw Pact |
| West Berlin |
|
Berlin |
|
East Berlin | ||||||||
| Berlin
| ||||||||||||
Cold War neutrality
| Austria |
| Austria |
|---|
| Vienna |
| Vienna |
18 Sep 1973 – 25 Dec 1979
(Euro-side only)
 Soviet Union
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — |  Soviet Russia →
|
→ | →  Russia
|
— |
 Soviet Estonia →
|
→ (Baltic states) → | →  Estonia
| ||
 Soviet Latvia →
|
→  Latvia
| |||
 Soviet Lithuania →
|
→  Lithuania
| |||
 Soviet Byelorussia →
|
→ | →  Belarus
| ||
 Soviet Ukraine →
|
→ | →  Ukraine
| ||
 Soviet Moldavia →
|
→  Moldova →
|
→ Moldova
| ||
→  Gagauzia →  Gagauzia → Moldova →
| ||||
→ Dniester →  Transnistria →
|
→ Transnistria
| |||
| → Pridnestrovia → Transnistria →
| ||||
| Satellite states | ||||
| East Germany →
|
→ (Reunification) →
|
→ Germany
| ||
.svg){kind=small} Poland →
|
→ | →  Poland
| ||
 Czechoslovakia →
|
→ Czechia and Slovakia → (Velvet Divorce)  →
|
→ Czechia → Slovakia
| ||
 Hungary →
|
→ | → Hungary
| ||
.svg){kind=small} Romania →
|
→ | →  Romania
| ||
.svg){kind=small} Albania →
|
→ | →  Albania
| ||
 Yugoslavia →
|
→ (various); mainly Serbia →  Serbia and Montenegro →
|
→  Serbia →  Montenegro
| ||
.svg){kind=small} Bulgaria →
|
→ | →  Bulgaria
| ||
| — | ||||
- (former Eastern Bloc / present successor states)
(In geographical order)
(See these nine flags) – In my opposition to Communism,
never support these, and never forget these either.
Support those that have moved on and changed,
and want to help make the world a better place.
| — | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
||
|
|
| ||
|
|
.svg){kind=small}
|
| ||
| — | ||||
Supreme Soviet / Reigning Russian
| 16 Jun 1977 – 10 Nov 1982 | Leonid Brezhnev |
| 10 Nov 1982 – 09 Feb 1984 | Yuri Andropov |
| 09 Feb 1984 – 10 Mar 1985 | Konstantin Chernenko |
| 10 Mar 1985 – 01 Oct 1988 | Andrei Gromyko |
| 01 Oct 1988 – 15 Mar 1990 | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| 15 Mar 1990 – 24 Aug 1991 | Anatoly Lukyanov |
| 24 Aug 1991 – 29 Aug 1991 | Vladimir Ivashko |
| — | |
|---|---|
| 29 Aug 1991 – 31 Dec 1999 | Boris Yeltsin |
| 31 Dec 1999 – 07 May 2008 | Vladimir Putin |
| 07 May 2008 – 07 May 2012 | Dmitry Medvedev |
| 07 May 2012 – present | Vladimir Putin |
- See also: Warsaw Pact
- Note:
- I do not align myself with any of the above-listed parties.
- For the two German parties listed below, I align with the
- Christian Democratic Union party (Christian democracy).
- Political affiliation:
Sectors
| – (East) Berlin –
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Commandant (East) Berlin |
Administrator (East) Germany |
(Head) Minister Eastern Europe |
| Apr 1945 – Jun 1945 | Nikolai Berzarin [ru] | Georgy Zhukov | Joseph Stalin |
| Jun 1945 – Nov 1945 | Alexander Gorbatov [ru] | Georgy Zhukov | Joseph Stalin |
| Nov 1945 – Apr 1946 | Dmitry Smirnov | Georgy Zhukov | Joseph Stalin |
| Apr 1946 – Apr 1946 | Aleksandr Kotikov | Georgy Zhukov | Joseph Stalin |
| Apr 1946 – Mar 1947 | Aleksandr Kotikov | Vasily Sokolovsky | Joseph Stalin |
| Mar 1947 – Mar 1949 | Aleksandr Kotikov | Vasily Sokolovsky | Nikolai Bulganin |
| Mar 1949 – Jun 1950 | Aleksandr Kotikov | Vasily Chuikov | Aleksandr Vasilevsky |
| Jun 1950 – Mar 1953 | Sergey Dengin | Vasily Chuikov | Aleksandr Vasilevsky |
| Mar 1953 – May 1953 | Sergey Dengin | Vasily Chuikov | Nikolai Bulganin |
| May 1953 – Jul 1954 | Pyotr Dibrova | Vladimir Semyonov | Nikolai Bulganin |
| Jul 1954 – Feb 1955 | Pyotr Dibrova | Georgy Pushkin | Nikolai Bulganin |
| Feb 1955 – Sep 1955 | Pyotr Dibrova | Georgy Pushkin | Georgy Zhukov |
| East European state-owned record labels | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | GDR
|
Amiga | ~ Sony Music Group ~ | — |
| PRL
|
Polskie Nagrania | Warner Music Group | ||
| URS
|
Melodiya | Formax | ||
| TCH
|
Supraphon | ~ Sony Music Group ~ | ||
| HUN
|
Hungaroton | Fotex | ||
| RSR
|
Electrecord →
|
Electrecord | ||
| ALB
|
RTSH →
|
RTSH | ||
| YUG
|
PGP-RTB | RTS | ||
| PRB
|
Balkanton →
|
Balkanton | ||
| — | ||||
Amiga East Germany
- Amiga – (4 56 series)
(more than three [singles] releases)
All nine acts (groups / bands only):
- 17 – Puhdys
- 11 – Veronika Fischer und Band
- 08 – Karat
- 06 – Rote Gitarren
- 08 – Kreis
- 05 – ABBA
- 07 – City
- 08 – Berluc
- 04 – Pankow
A total of 74 singles—releases listed below.
(1974–1990)
- (Puhdys)
| — | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Puhdys | — | |||
| Year | cat. no. | A-side | B-side | ||
| 1974 | 4 56 049 | Wie ein Pfeil | Lied für Generationen | ||
| 4 56 072 | Spiel zu zweit | Die Sonne kennt ihren Weg | |||
| 1975 | 4 56 172 | Sturmvogel | Einsamkeit | ||
| 1976 | 4 56 220 | Long Tall Sally / Party / Rock And Roll Music | Bye Bye Love | ||
| 4 56 224 | Alt wie ein Baum | Erinnerung | |||
| 1977 | 4 56 269 | Wenn Träume sterben | Perlenfischer | ||
| 4 56 300 | Wilde Jahre | Sterne verspäten sich nie | |||
| 1978 | 4 56 351 | Ikarus II | Flieg, Vogel, flieg | ||
| 4 56 364 | Doch die Gitter schweigen | Hören und sehen | |||
| 1979 | 4 56 391 | Kein Paradies | Wiedersehn | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 425 | Heiß wie Schnee | Melanie | ||
| 4 56 448 | Bis ans Ende der Welt | Nie wieder werde ich weinen um dich | |||
| 1981 | 4 56 475 | He, John | Was Vom Leben Bleibt | ||
| 4 56 485 | Der Außenseiter | An den Ufern der Nacht | |||
| 1982 | 4 56 514 | Jahreszeiten | TV-Show | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 547 | Rockerrente | Das Buch | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 583 | Rock 'n' Roll ist mein Begleiter | Wieviel Liebe | ||
| — | |||||
| — | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Veronika Fischer und Band | — | |||
| Year | cat. no. | A-side | B-side | ||
| 1974 | 4 56 063 | Und wer bist du | Blues von der letzten Gelegenheit | ||
| 1975 | 4 56 090 | Klavier im Fluß | Als ich noch ein Kind war | ||
| 4 56 121 | In jener Nacht | Abendlied | |||
| 4 56 134 | Auf der Wiese | Zu groß der Hut | |||
| 4 56 157 | Philodendron | Kirschblüte | |||
| 4 56 163 | Daß Ich Eine Schneeflocke Wär | Zeit Hat Immer Eile | |||
| 1976 | 4 56 232 | Nein, Doktor, Nein | Ich Rufe Dich | ||
| 1977 | 4 56 260 | Sommernachtsball | Hans im Glück | ||
| 4 56 306 | ... und du siehst fort | Zigarettenblues | |||
| 1978 | 4 56 342 | Sommer unter Freunden | Meiner Schuhe Ausgang | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 406 | Zeit Für Ein Kind | Der Vagabund | ||
| — | |||||
- (Karat)
| — | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Karat | — | |||
| Year | cat. no. | A-side | B-side | ||
| 1975 | 4 56 124 | Leute, Welch Ein Tag | Du Und Ich | ||
| 1976 | 4 56 234 | Das Monster | Abendstimmung | ||
| 1978 | 4 56 316 | Über sieben Brücken mußt du gehn | Rock-Vogel | ||
| 4 56 382 | Auf den Meeren | Wenn das Schweigen bricht | |||
| 1980 | 4 56 423 | Magisches Licht | Großstadt | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 488 | Der blaue Planet | Blumen aus Eis | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 531 | Kalter Rauch | Flipper | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 578 | Hab Den Mond Mit Der Hand Berührt | Halleluja Welt | ||
| — | |||||
| — | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Czerwone Gitary | — | |||
| Year | cat. no. | A-side | B-side | ||
| 1975 | 4 56 144 | Anna M. | Draußen bei den Weiden | ||
| 4 56 166 | Hochzeit | Worte Sind Wellen | |||
| 1976 | 4 56 213 | Und Es Regnet | Ein Guter Tag | ||
| 1977 | 4 56 259 | Weißes Boot | Piraten-Lied | ||
| 4 56 293 | Wir ziehen weiter | Weißt du noch... | |||
| 1980 | 4 56 452 | Wie Sand im Wind (Piach) | Altes Paar (Pragniesz Rak) | ||
| — | |||||
Kreis
- (Kreis)
| — | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Kreis | — | |||
| Year | cat. no. | A-side | B-side | ||
| 1975 | 4 56 149 | Doch ich wollte es wissen | Eva weiss immer einen Dreh' | ||
| 1976 | 4 56 177 | Ich will dich | Wirst du da sein | ||
| 4 56 207 | Save Your Kisses For Me | Ein Bett im Kornfeld (Let Your Love Flow) | |||
| 4 56 208 | Und wir gingen auf uns zu | Du machst mich müd | |||
| 1977 | 4 56 278 | Sie ist immer noch allein | Gib dich nie auf | ||
| 4 56 301 | Rock'n Roll Madonna | Du hast mein Wort | |||
| 1978 | 4 56 377 | Leere Arena | Kann das sein | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 409 | Gartenstraße Nr. 2 | Goldene Glocken | ||
| — | |||||
- (ABBA)
| — | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | ABBA | — | |||
| Year | cat. no. | A-side | B-side | ||
| 1975 | 4 56 160 | "SOS" | "I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do" | ||
| 1976 | 4 56 185 | "Mamma Mia" | "Tropical Loveland" | ||
| 4 56 237 | "Dancing Queen" | "Fernando" | |||
| 1979 | 4 56 390 | "Chiquitita" | "Lovelight" | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 460 | "The Winner Takes It All" | "Elaine" | ||
| — | |||||
- (City)
| — | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | City | — | |||
| Year | cat. no. | A-side | B-side | ||
| 1977 | 4 56 277 | Am Fenster | Mein alter Freund | ||
| 4 56 302 | Der King vom Prenzlauer Berg | Trade | |||
| 1981 | 4 56 467 | Sonnabendmittag | Schalt Die Glotze Aus | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 487 | Efkaristo | Abschied | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 509 | Kontra | Nur Rock'n Roll | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 525 | Unter der Haut | Sisyphus | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 569 | Mir wird kalt dabei | Neongott | ||
| — | |||||
Berluc
- (Berluc)
| — | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Berluc | — | |||
| Year | cat. no. | A-side | B-side | ||
| 1977 | 4 56 304 | Wer Hat Mein Geld | Disco-Typ | ||
| 1978 | 4 56 337 | Hallo Erde, hier ist "Alpha" | Bleib, Sonne, bleib | ||
| 4 56 374 | Computer 3/4x | Du bist kein Mensch | |||
| 1980 | 4 56 443 | Bernsteinlegende | Hunderttausend Urgewalten | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 474 | Bermuda-Dreieck | Fliegen vor der Zeit | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 523 | Gradaus | No Bomb | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 548 | Die Erde lebt | Fieber | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 587 | Tausend Hände | Zeig dein Gesicht | ||
| — | |||||
- (Pankow)
| — | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Pankow | — | |||
| Year | cat. no. | A-side | B-side | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 508 | Egal | Inge Pawelczik | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 524 | Die Wundersame Geschichte Von Gabi | Rock 'n' Roll im Stadtpark | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 574 | Er will anders sein | Wetten, du willst | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 585 | Isolde | Gut Nacht | ||
| — | |||||
Amiga chronology
| — | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Chronology – (1974–1986) | — | ||||
| Year | cat. no. | A-side | B-side | Artist | ||
| 1974 | 4 56 049 | Wie ein Pfeil | Lied für Generationen | Puhdys | ||
| 4 56 063 | Und wer bist du | Blues von der letzten Gelegenheit | Veronika Fischer | |||
| 4 56 072 | Spiel zu zweit | Die Sonne kennt ihren Weg | Puhdys | |||
| 1975 | 4 56 090 | Klavier im Fluß | Als ich noch ein Kind war | Veronika Fischer | ||
| 4 56 121 | In jener Nacht | Abendlied | Veronika Fischer | |||
| 4 56 124 | Leute, Welch Ein Tag | Du Und Ich | Karat | |||
| 4 56 134 | Auf der Wiese | Zu groß der Hut | Veronika Fischer | |||
| 4 56 144 | Anna M. | Draußen bei den Weiden | Rote Gitarren | |||
| 4 56 149 | Doch ich wollte es wissen | Eva weiss immer einen Dreh' | Kreis | |||
| 4 56 157 | Philodendron | Kirschblüte | Veronika Fischer | |||
| 4 56 160 | "SOS" | "I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do" | ABBA | |||
| 4 56 163 | Daß Ich Eine Schneeflocke Wär | Zeit Hat Immer Eile | Veronika Fischer | |||
| 4 56 166 | Hochzeit | Worte Sind Wellen | Rote Gitarren | |||
| 4 56 172 | Sturmvogel | Einsamkeit | Puhdys | |||
| 1976 | 4 56 177 | Ich will dich | Wirst du da sein | Kreis | ||
| 4 56 185 | "Mamma Mia" | "Tropical Loveland" | ABBA | |||
| 4 56 207 | Save Your Kisses For Me | Ein Bett im Kornfeld (Let Your Love Flow) | Kreis | |||
| 4 56 208 | Und wir gingen auf uns zu | Du machst mich müd | Kreis | |||
| 4 56 213 | Und Es Regnet | Ein Guter Tag | Rote Gitarren | |||
| 4 56 220 | Long Tall Sally / Party / Rock And Roll Music | Bye Bye Love | Puhdys | |||
| 4 56 224 | Alt wie ein Baum | Erinnerung | Puhdys | |||
| 4 56 232 | Nein, Doktor, Nein | Ich Rufe Dich | Veronika Fischer | |||
| 4 56 234 | Das Monster | Abendstimmung | Karat | |||
| 4 56 237 | "Dancing Queen" | "Fernando" | ABBA | |||
| 1977 | 4 56 259 | Weißes Boot | Piraten-Lied | Rote Gitarren | ||
| 4 56 260 | Sommernachtsball | Hans im Glück | Veronika Fischer | |||
| 4 56 269 | Wenn Träume sterben | Perlenfischer | Puhdys | |||
| 4 56 277 | Am Fenster | Mein alter Freund | City | |||
| 4 56 278 | Sie ist immer noch allein | Gib dich nie auf | Kreis | |||
| 4 56 293 | Wir ziehen weiter | Weißt du noch... | Rote Gitarren | |||
| 4 56 300 | Wilde Jahre | Sterne verspäten sich nie | Puhdys | |||
| 4 56 301 | Rock'n Roll Madonna | Du hast mein Wort | Kreis | |||
| 4 56 302 | Der King vom Prenzlauer Berg | Trade | City | |||
| 4 56 304 | Wer Hat Mein Geld | Disco-Typ | Berluc | |||
| 4 56 306 | ... und du siehst fort | Zigarettenblues | Veronika Fischer | |||
| 1978 | 4 56 316 | Über sieben Brücken mußt du gehn | Rock-Vogel | Karat | ||
| 4 56 337 | Hallo Erde, hier ist "Alpha" | Bleib, Sonne, bleib | Berluc | |||
| 4 56 342 | Sommer unter Freunden | Meiner Schuhe Ausgang | Veronika Fischer | |||
| 4 56 351 | Ikarus II | Flieg, Vogel, flieg | Puhdys | |||
| 4 56 364 | Doch die Gitter schweigen | Hören und sehen | Puhdys | |||
| 4 56 374 | Computer 3/4x | Du bist kein Mensch | Berluc | |||
| 4 56 377 | Leere Arena | Kann das sein | Kreis | |||
| 4 56 382 | Auf den Meeren | Wenn das Schweigen bricht | Karat | |||
| 1979 | 4 56 390 | "Chiquitita" | "Lovelight" | ABBA | ||
| 4 56 391 | Kein Paradies | Wiedersehn | Puhdys | |||
| 4 56 406 | Zeit Für Ein Kind | Der Vagabund | Veronika Fischer | |||
| 4 56 409 | Gartenstraße Nr. 2 | Goldene Glocken | Kreis | |||
| 1980 | 4 56 423 | Magisches Licht | Großstadt | Karat | ||
| 4 56 425 | Heiß wie Schnee | Melanie | Puhdys | |||
| 4 56 443 | Bernsteinlegende | Hunderttausend Urgewalten | Berluc | |||
| 4 56 448 | Bis ans Ende der Welt | Nie wieder werde ich weinen um dich | Puhdys | |||
| 4 56 452 | Wie Sand im Wind (Piach) | Altes Paar (Pragniesz Rak) | Rote Gitarren | |||
| 4 56 460 | "The Winner Takes It All" | "Elaine" | ABBA | |||
| 1981 | 4 56 467 | Sonnabendmittag | Schalt Die Glotze Aus | City | ||
| 4 56 474 | Bermuda-Dreieck | Fliegen vor der Zeit | Berluc | |||
| 4 56 475 | He, John | Was Vom Leben Bleibt | Puhdys | |||
| 4 56 485 | Der Außenseiter | An den Ufern der Nacht | Puhdys | |||
| 4 56 487 | Efkaristo | Abschied | City | |||
| 4 56 488 | Der blaue Planet | Blumen aus Eis | Karat | |||
| 1982 | 4 56 508 | Egal | Inge Pawelczik | Pankow | ||
| 4 56 509 | Kontra | Nur Rock'n Roll | City | |||
| 4 56 514 | Jahreszeiten | TV-Show | Puhdys | |||
| 1983 | 4 56 523 | Gradaus | No Bomb | Berluc | ||
| 4 56 524 | Die Wundersame Geschichte Von Gabi | Rock 'n' Roll im Stadtpark | Pankow | |||
| 4 56 525 | Unter der Haut | Sisyphus | City | |||
| 4 56 531 | Kalter Rauch | Flipper | Karat | |||
| 1984 | 4 56 547 | Rockerrente | Das Buch | Puhdys | ||
| 4 56 548 | Die Erde lebt | Fieber | Berluc | |||
| 4 56 569 | Mir wird kalt dabei | Neongott | City | |||
| 1985 | 4 56 574 | Er will anders sein | Wetten, du willst | Pankow | ||
| 4 56 578 | Hab Den Mond Mit Der Hand Berührt | Halleluja Welt | Karat | |||
| 4 56 583 | Rock 'n' Roll ist mein Begleiter | Wieviel Liebe | Puhdys | |||
| 4 56 585 | Isolde | Gut Nacht | Pankow | |||
| 4 56 587 | Tausend Hände | Zeig dein Gesicht | Berluc | |||
| — | ||||||
Amiga chronology – (1974–1990)
| — | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Amiga – (source) – (1974–1990) | — | ||||
| Year | cat. no. | A-side | B-side | Artist | ||
| N/a | N/a | N/a | ||||
| 1974 | 4 56 001 | Es war lieb von dir | Die Angst in der Nacht | Uschi Brüning | ||
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ||
| 1978 | 4 56 372 | Knock Out | Seit ich dich kenn | Set | ||
| 1978 | 4 56 373 | Auszug aus dem Abrißhaus | Als Stein im Meer | Bernd Marek | ||
| 1978 | 4 56 374 | Computer 3/4x | Du bist kein Mensch | Berluc | ||
| 1978 | 4 56 375 | "Let Me Take You in My Arms" | "Beautiful Noise" | Neil Diamond | ||
| 1978 | 4 56 376 | Tja, schöner Bär | Paganini | Ingrid Pollow | ||
| 1978 | 4 56 377 | Leere Arena | Kann das sein | Kreis | ||
| 1978 | 4 56 378 | Es war gerade Maskenball | Es war im letzten Sommer | Norbert Gebhardt | ||
| 1978 | 4 56 379 | Laß dieses ,he' | Was nun | Caufner-Schwestern | ||
| 1978 | 4 56 380 | Mexican Girl | Oh Carol | Scirocco | ||
| 1978 | 4 56 381 | Piccola e fragile | Provincia | Drupi | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 382 | Auf den Meeren | Wenn das Schweigen bricht | Karat | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 383 | Was für ein Tag | Es gibt Momente | Hansi Biebl Band | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 384 | Schäfchen zählen | Du bist ein Märchenbuch | Regine Dobberschütz | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 385 | Kintopp | Ich war der Tangokönig | Lutz Jahoda | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 386 | Mama Leone | Auf der Straße nach Süden | Uwe Jensen | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 387 | Glaub nicht alles | Leider hat die Zeit keine Zeit | Dani Maršan | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 388 | He, kleine Linda / Tini, verzeih mir doch | Kleiner Vogel | Der Schneidige Willem Und Seine Hitknacker | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 389 | Da sind wir aber immer noch | Hier, wo ich lebe | Oktoberklub | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 390 | "Chiquitita" | "Lovelight" | ABBA | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 391 | Kein Paradies | Wiedersehn | Puhdys | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 392 | Außerdem macht es Spaß | Bleib doch mal stehn | Achim Mentzel | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 393 | Dingeling | Du wirst es nie erfahren | Andreas Holm | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 394 | Ade mein Schatz, ich geh | Anne-Susanne | Roland Neudert | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 395 | Sehnsucht | Man spricht so viel von Liebe | Uwe Jensen | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 396 | Im grünen Wald (Trojan Horse) | He, hallo, du bist ein Mann geworden (You Are The Greatest Lover) | Molly-Sisters | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 397 | "Hooray! Hooray! It's a Holi-Holiday" | "Ribbons of Blue" | Boney M. | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 398 | "Song for Guy" | "Return to Paradise" | Elton John | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 399 | Kristina | Wie groß sind die Bäume | Frank Schöbel | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 400 | Irgendein Septembertag | Denn ich kann dich nicht vergessen | Monika Herz | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 401 | Die Sage | Gib mir, was du geben kannst | Stern-Combo Meißen | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 402 | Blue Bayou | Es müssen keine Rosen sein | Regina Thoss | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 403 | "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?" | "Last Summer" | Rod Stewart | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 404 | Cola-Wodka | Robinson | Holger Biege | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 405 | Hochzeitmachen | Du, mir geht es gut | Gaby Rückert | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 406 | Zeit für ein Kind | Der Vagabund | Veronika Fischer Band | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 407 | Heart of Glass | One Way Ticket | Marion Scharf | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 408 | Kutte | Ich denk' mir manchmal | Angelika Mann | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 409 | Gartenstraße Nr. 2 | Goldene Glocken | Kreis | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 410 | Sonnensage | So kann's nicht weitergehn | Prinzip | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 411 | "Some Girls" | "Lay Your Love on Me" | Racey | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 412 | Sag ihr auch | Küß mich und lieb mich | Gerd Christian | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 413 | Es gibt keine Liebe mehr | Sonntag früh | Ljupka Dimitrovska | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 414 | Gut dreißig Jahre bin ich alt | Leb wohl, altes Haus | Peter Tschernig | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 415 | Mit Brille wär das nicht passiert | Und nun ziehn wir alle mal durch den Saal | Monika Hauff - Klaus-Dieter Henkler | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 416 | Liebling, schnall die Hose fest | Gott sei dank ist sie schlank | Achim Mentzel | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 417 | Wenn meine Freunde gehn | Ich singe und ich liebe | Norbert Gebhardt | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 418 | Und weiter wandre ich (Dal, dal se Toulam) | Wie ein Fels im Meer | Karel Gott | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 419 | Sing, mei Sachse sing | Schock | Jürgen Hart | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 420 | So bist du | Gloria | Gerd Christian | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 421 | Verkehrte Welt | Was wird morgen sein | Magdeburg | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 422 | Mama, bitte sag mir (Mama, kerlek) | Steh auf (A varos föllött) | Zsuzsa Koncz | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 423 | Magisches Licht | Großstadt | Karat | ||
| 1979 | 4 56 424 | Concita Fererez | Olympia | Thomas LückAndreas Holm | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 425 | Heiß wie Schnee | Melanie | Puhdys | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 426 | Jugendliebe | Disco-Fieber | Ute Freudenberg, Elefant | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 427 | Schneewittchen hat's gut | Berührung | Gaby Rückert | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 428 | Saved by the Bell | Zwei schöne Jahre | Frank Schöbel | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 429 | Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight) | A Walk in the Park | Cantus | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 430 | Die Eiszeit kommt wieder | Ich bin auf den Hund gekommen | Rolf Herricht | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 431 | Ein Mann kann viel erzählen | Liebe du das Meer | Gojko Mitić | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 432 | Taxi 408 | Die Woche fängt ja gut an | Peter Tschernig | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 433 | Nur einer kann der erste sein | Schade, schade, schade | Winni | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 434 | "We Don't Talk Anymore" | "Carrie" | Cliff Richard | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 435 | Wieder nach Hause | Das Liebesgedicht | Hauff & Henkler | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 436 | So was placiert | Ich und die alten Meister | MTS | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 437 | Der Clown | Der Mann im Frack | Neumis Rock Circus | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 438 | Fußball | Mensch, wie die Zeit vergeht | Wir | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 439 | Was will denn der von mir | Der mich liebt | Eva-Maria Pieckert | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 440 | Am Abend mancher Tage | Komm heraus | Lift | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 441 | Ciao, Mama | Laß die Rosen am Strauch | Kathrin Andrée | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 442 | Sweet Little Sixteen | Du bringst mir keine Blumen | Dean Reed & Kati Kovács | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 443 | Bernsteinlegende | Hunderttausend Urgewalten | Berluc | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 444 | . . . und wie weiter | Halt mich fest | Katrin Lindner & Schubert-Band | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 445 | Also, was soll aus mir werden | Die Erde schweigt | Stern Meissen | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 446 | Chin-Chin, Julia | E. M. | Muck | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 447 | Babička | Lago Maggiore | Karel Gott | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 448 | Bis ans Ende der Welt | Nie wieder werde ich weinen um dich | Puhdys | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 449 | Doch wenn die Hähne krähn | Wiedersehn im Traum | Karussell | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 450 | Mädchen | Ich reiß mir eine Liebe aus dem Herzen | Gerd Christian | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 451 | Der Nippel | Meine Tochter lernt jetzt sprechen | Mike Krüger | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 452 | Wie Sand im Wind | Altes Paar | Rote Gitarren | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 453 | Der Mann, der vor mir lebte | Lied vom Abschied | Jürgen Walter | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 454 | Hildebrandslied | Bernsteinhexe | Transit | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 455 | Knüppel aus dem Sack | Nachtliedchen | Engerling | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 456 | I've Never Been in Love | Call Me | Katrin Lindner & Schubert-Band | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 457 | Endlich allein | Dach über'm Kopf | Monika Hauff, Klaus-Dieter Henkler | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 458 | Der Simulant | Mensch, du bist krank | Neumis Rockcircus | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 459 | Ballade pour Adeline | Music Box Dancer | Orchester Horst Krüger | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 460 | "The Winner Takes It All" | "Elaine" | ABBA | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 461 | Blue-Jeans | Pack deine Sachen | Familie Silly | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 462 | Kinderland | Der F-Tsch-Chqu-&%-Wumm-Apparat | Gerhard Schöne | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 463 | Freu' dich bloß nicht zu früh – (Martina Mai) | Upside Down – (Maja Catrin Fritsche) | Martina Mai / Maja Catrin Fritsche | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 464 | Weil es dich gibt | Ist es gut - ist es schlecht | Peter Maffay | ||
| 1980 | 4 56 465 | Man kann sich daran gewöhnen | Sie war siebzehn | Frank Schöbel | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 466 | Tausend Tage nach der Kindheit | Warten in der Dunkelheit | Keks | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 467 | Sonnabendmittag | Schalt die Glotze aus | City | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 468 | Gegensätze ziehn sich an | Der Liebe gewinnt | Ina-Maria Federowski | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 469 | Hundsgemein | Vorsicht Glas! | Magdeburg | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 470 | "Susan" | "Thunder and Lightning" | Dean Reed | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 471 | Wochenend-Song | Dana | Andreas Holm | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 472 | Wenn ich auf dem Rücken lieg | Danny | Heinz-Jürgen Gottschalk | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 473 | Der Löwenzahn | Schöner Traum | Reform | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 474 | Bermuda-Dreieck | Fliegen vor der Zeit | Berluc | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 475 | He, John | Was vom Leben bleibt | Puhdys | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 476 | Sie lag im Schlauchboot | Das eigene Gesicht | Gerd Christian | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 477 | Die Bouzouki und ihr Lied (Nika, se perimeno) | Teenager-Träume (Tizeneves örult voltal) | Gjon Delhusa | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 478 | Jeden Morgen | Fünf Uhr | Electra | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 479 | Du kannst mir viel erzählen (Tvoja Barka Mala) | Zirkus (Vodi Me U Cirkus) | Ljupka Dimitrovska | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 480 | Mein erstes selbstverdientes Geld | Also dann - alter Junge | Peter Tschernig | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 481 | Ich weiß ein Lied | Komm, liebe Sonne, scheine | Monika Herz | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 482 | Stop, Stop | Mimi und Tom | Muck & Evelin | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 483 | Teil mit mir | Sonntag in der Stadt | Gaby Rückert | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 484 | Das kleine La, La, La | Hallo, Mary-Lou | Prinzip | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 485 | Der Außenseiter | An den Ufern der Nacht | Puhdys | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 486 | Manchmal braucht jeder einen Freund | Alles oder nichts | Ute Freudenberg, Gruppe Elefant | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 487 | Efkaristo | Abschied | City | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 488 | Der blaue Planet | Blumen aus Eis | Karat | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 489 | Aber scheiden tut weh | Na, wo ist dein Herz | Ina-Maria Federowski | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 490 | Keine Leute, keine Leute . . . (Nadalina) | Es ist kaum zu glauben | Monika Hauff, Klaus-Dieter Henkler | ||
| 1981 | 4 56 491 | Eine Ewigkeit | Alles für dich | Uwe Jensen | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 492 | Der einfache Frieden | 1945 | Kurt Nolze | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 493 | Zum Geburtstag | Alles will ich mit dir teilen | Andreas Holm | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 494 | Sonnenmeer | Der Tag fängt an | Holger Biege | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 495 | Keiner will sterben | Zweifel | Karussell | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 496 | Stundenschlag | Leben möcht' ich | Stern Meißen | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 497 | Nur eine Nacht (Jedna jedina noc) | Ich breche kein Versprechen (Doi cu ti jedne zore) | Miro Ungar | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 498 | In meiner Heimat | Tausendschön | Aniko Serfözö | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 499 | Blacky | Wandern wir mal | Muck | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 500 | Und wieder wird ein Mensch geboren | Zärtlichkeit verloren | Ute Freudenberg, Gruppe Elefant | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 501 | Jeder Tag mit dir | Auch wenn man sich liebt | Roland Neudert | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 502 | Jule wäscht sich nie | Der Märchenprinz | Gerhard Schöne | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 503 | He, Girl | Pi-Pa-Po | Prinzip | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 504 | Mädchen, irgendwo (Vaiahol egy lany) | Hier ist meine Hand (Itt a ket kezem) | Zsuzsa Koncz | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 505 | Der Papa wird's schon richten – (Roland Neudert) | Dance Little Bird – (Orchester Martin Hoffmann) | Roland Neudert / Orchester Martin Hoffmann | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 506 | Guten Tag | Du fehlst mir sehr | Gaby Rückert | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 507 | Disco up'n Dörp | Frau Püttelkow ut Hagenow | De Plattfööt | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 508 | Egal | Inge Pawelczik | Pankow | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 509 | Kontra | Nur Rock'n Roll | City | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 510 | Komm wieder nach Haus | Doch da sprach das Mädchen | Maja Catrin Fritsche | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 511 | Touristen | Die Nachbarinnen | Neumis Rock Circus | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 512 | Denn ich bin nie zu Haus | Wer? | Gerd Christian | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 513 | Die Gräfin | Dicke Luft | Silly | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 514 | Jahreszeiten | TV-Show | Puhdys | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 515 | Da Da Da | Sabine Sabine Sabine | Trio | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 516 | Gitarre, Gitarre (Gitara, gitara) | Zu zweit ist es schöner (U dvoje je ljepse) | Ljupka & Ivica | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 517 | Haus ohne Kinder | Irgendwann ist jeder dran | Ina-Maria Federowski | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 518 | Und ich sehn' mich nach dir | Schnee von gestern | Rockband Metropol | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 519 | Wir müßten mal reden | Beug dich zu mir | Monika Herz | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 520 | Vera | Du bist da für mich | Karel Gott | ||
| 1982 | 4 56 521 | Die Tränen in deinem Gesicht (Suze Na Jastuku) | Ich wünsch' mir deine Nähe (Svira Glazba Svako Veče) | Ivica Šerfezi | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 522 | Zwei Rosen im Schnee | Das Beste an dieser Welt | Aniko Serfözö | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 523 | Gradaus | No Bomb | Berluc | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 524 | Die wundersame Geschichte von Gabi | Rock'n' Roll im Stadtpark | Pankow | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 525 | Unter der Haut | Sisyphus | City | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 526 | Henriette | Alkohol | Keks | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 527 | Paule, pack den Pinsel aus | Morgen | Hauff Henkler | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 528 | Das wars . . . | Kopf oder Zahl | NO 55 | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 529 | Freundliches Wort | Ich bin dir treu | Maja Catrin Fritsche | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 530 | Disco in der U-Bahn | Die neue Lehrerin | Rockhaus | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 531 | Kalter Rauch | Flipper | Karat | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 532 | Jetzt kommt dein Süßer | Happy Ende | Helga Hahnemann | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 533 | Hallo, Rosalie | Sing die Urlaubsmelodie | Roland Neudert | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 534 | Um die Erde zu behalten | Ja, es gibt Momente | Eva-Maria Pieckert | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 535 | Hochzeit bei Zickenschulze | Komm, Karline, komm, wir woll'n nach Pankow gehn | Manfred Korth und die Spreeathener Blasmusik | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 536 | Taktgefühl | Urlaub auf dem Meeresgrund | Tina | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 537 | True Love | Oh, Darling | Neumis Rock Circus | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 538 | Bitte, bitte, Hanni | Ich habe irgendwas Gewisses | Jörg Hindemith | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 539 | Remmi Demmi | Up'n rasenden Roland | De Plattfööt | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 540 | Aufsteh'n | Erna kommt | Lippi | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 541 | Es gibt sie nicht mehr | Aus Liebe | Regina Thoss | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 542 | Dreimal täglich eine . . . | Du hast Geburtstag | Roland Neudert | ||
| 1983 | 4 56 543 | Der Himmel schweigt | Rock 'n' Roll Show | Petra Zieger, Smokings | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 544 | Schwarze Flocken | Laß mich nicht los | Ute Freudenberg & Elefant | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 545 | Bumsvallera | Sommernacht und roter Wein | Monika Hauff & Klaus-Dieter Henkler | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 546 | Heut kommt Marie zurück | Ich leb gefährlich | Jörg Hindemith | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 547 | Rockerrente | Das Buch | Puhdys | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 548 | Die Erde lebt | Fieber | Berluc | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 549 | Absolute Stille | Kolossal | Beppo Küster | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 550 | Alt wie die Welt | Alt wie die Welt (Halbplayback) | 220 Gesangssolisten Unseres Landes | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 551 | Going to Sacramento | Dresden ist voll Dixieland | Dixieland All Stars Berlin | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 552 | Vier Milliarden in einem Boot | Nie zuvor | Electra | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 553 | Liebe ist nicht Liebelei | Jeden Morgen neu | G.E.S. | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 554 | Frühling in Berlin (Friedrichstadtpalast - Melodie) | Hier an der Spree | Cantus-Chor / Helga Hahnemann | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 555 | In der letzten Stunde des Tages | Karawane | Enno | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 556 | Es gibt eine Liebe, die bleibt | Die Rose | Dean Reed | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 557 | Gegen Einsamkeit | He, Madonna | H+N | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 558 | Doch der Falke fliegt | Drachsensegler | Dialog | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 559 | Wir sind die Sonne | Deine Augen | Stern Meißen | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 560 | Alptraum | Der Straßenkehrer | Scheselong | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 561 | Alles klar | Vergiß mich | Rockhaus | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 562 | Allein | Tastenmann | Brigitte Stefan & Meridian | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 563 | Wenn ein Stern verlischt | Heb' die Scherben mit mir auf (Hold Me 'Til the Mornin' Comes) | Frank Schöbel | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 564 | Rock 'n' Roll Party | Marylin Monroe | Jörg Hindemith | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 565 | Clown sein | Auch allein, auch zu zwein | Jürgen Walter | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 566 | Die Ferne | Liebeswalzer (für H. F.) | Silly | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 567 | Heut' sah ich sie wieder | Die Rose aus Glas | Monika Herz | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 568 | Ideale | Die Nacht | MSB Modern Soul Band DDR | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 569 | Mir wird kalt dabei | Neongott | City | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 570 | Steh mir bei | Tanzt ein Engel mit 'nem Teufel | Gerd Christian | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 571 | Lachen steckt an – (Muck) | Ich bin viel zu brav – (Evelin) | Muck / Evelin | ||
| 1984 | 4 56 572 | Sag mir alles, was du weißt | Immerfort | Lift | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 573 | Arbeitswut | Weißt du noch, Geraldine . . . | Jürgen Hart | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 574 | Er will anders sein | Wetten, du willst | Pankow | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 575 | Mein bester Kumpel | In dem Haus, in dem er jetzt wohnt | Peter Tschernig | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 576 | Pop-Gymnastik | Aber jeder möchte mal | Beppo Küster | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 577 | 18 Jahre sein | Mach keine Wellen | Formel 1 | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 578 | Hab' den Mond mit der Hand berührt | Halleluja, Welt | Karat | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 579 | Erste Liebe – (Marion Sprawe) | Nach der Schule – (Jessica) | Marion Sprawe / Jessica | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 580 | Augenblicke | So wie ein Leuchtturm in der Nacht | Gaby Rückert & Thomas Natschinski | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 581 | Caerá | Die Kinder | Dean Reed | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 582 | Geboren, um zu leben | Laß deine Engel los | Wolfgang Ziegler | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 583 | Rock 'n' Roll ist mein Begleiter | Wieviel Liebe | Puhdys | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 584 | Liebe brauchen wir | Die Band | G.E.S. | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 585 | Isolde | Gut Nacht | Pankow | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 586 | Wir fliegen mit dem Wind | Ich kann nicht allein sein | Frank Schöbel | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 587 | Tausend Hände | Zeig dein Gesicht | Berluc | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 588 | Mein Mut | Mama | Jessica | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 589 | Zärtlichkeit | Feuer in der Nacht | Ute & Jean | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 590 | Presto, Presto | Yeah, Yeah, Yeah | Duo Rommé | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 591 | Schenk uns noch einmal ein (Sutra je novi dan) | Mit dir | Regina Thoss | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 592 | Ein schöner Mann - und so fade . . . | Wolkenkinder | Petra Zieger & Band | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 593 | Alle zwei Sekunden | Jeden vierten Sonntag | Peter Tschernig | ||
| 1985 | 4 56 594 | Ich komm immer wieder | Und als der Tag begann | Ekkehard Göpelt | ||
| 1986 | 4 56 595 | Vorbei | Und hat immer mit dir zu tun | Jürgen Walter | ||
| 1986 | 4 56 596 | Der Halleysche Komet | Ab und zu | Karussell | ||
| 1986 | 4 56 597 | Nelson Mandela – (Modern Soul Band, Unternehmen Münchehofe) | Weil es ans Leben geht (Rock für den Frieden '86) – (NO 55 bzw. Enno) | Modern Soul Band, Unternehmen Münchehofe / NO 55 bzw. Enno | ||
| 1986 | 4 56 598 | Wo is mein Jeld | Life is schwer | Helga Hahnemann | ||
| 1986 | 4 56 599 | Wollte frei sein | Zwei Handvoll Träume | H+N | ||
| 1986 | 4 56 600 | Dorfrock | Das Landei | Egon | ||
| 1986 | 4 56 601 | Geisterstunde | Wir rocken los | Babylon | ||
| 1986 | 4 56 602 | So weit fort | Aber heut bleib hier | Arnold Fritzsch | ||
| 1986 | 4 56 603 | Rock 'n' Roller | Hilflos | Wahkonda | ||
| 1986 | 4 56 604 | Was wäre Berlin ohne Berliner | Nach Norden | Hauff & Henkler | ||
| 1986 | 4 56 605 | Auf einer Seite ist das "Arkona-Lied" | Rückseite weiß ich noch nicht | Gabi Munk & Ingo Krähmer | ||
| 1987 | 4 56 606 | Noch viel höher – (Tobias Künzel) | Berlin - zweite warme Haut – (Matthias Tost) | Tobias Künzel / Matthias Tost | ||
| 1987 | 4 56 607 | Heut' ist Sommergartenfest / Die Augen der Nacht / Zick-Zack-Charleston – (medley) | Hauptstadt bleibt Hauptstadt / Träume / Maxe-Baumann-Lied – (medley) | Maxe Baumann Aus Berlin | ||
| 1987 | 4 56 608 | Berlin, meine Liebe | Frech wie Rotz | Helga Hahnemann | ||
| 1987 | 4 56 609 | Grand Hotel | Impressionen | Günther Fischer | ||
| 1987 | 4 56 610 | Fliegen | Das konnte der Herr Lilienthal nicht ahnen | Emil Sirakov & Cantus-Chor | ||
| 1987 | 4 56 611 | Kasseturm-Rag – (Kasseturm-Jazz-Band) | Ein Viertel Jahrhundert Studentenclub – (Gipsy-Band (Thalheim)) | Kasseturm-Jazz-Band / Gipsy-Band (Thalheim) | ||
| 1988 | 4 56 612 | Rosenlied – (Franziska Troegner, Erwin Geschonneck, Wolfgang Dehler) | Ich bin hier der Clown – (Jürgen Walter) | Franziska Troegner, Erwin Geschonneck, Wolfgang Dehler / Jürgen Walter | ||
| — | ||||||
East German (annual) hit parades
- (1975–1990)
| GDR annual hit parades (1975–1990) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Artist | Title |
| 1975 | Veronika Fischer | In jener Nacht |
| 1976 | Puhdys | Lebenszeit |
| 1977 | Puhdys | Erinnerung |
| 1978 | Karat | König der Welt |
| 1979 | Puhdys | Doch die Gitter schweigen |
| 1980 | Lift | Am Abend mancher Tage |
| 1981 | Puhdys | He, John |
| 1982 | Puhdys | Der Außenseiter |
| 1983 | Berluc | No Bomb |
| 1984 | Puhdys | Rockerrente |
| 1985 | Perl | Zeit, die nie vergeht |
| 1986 | Stern Meißen | Nicht allein |
| 1987 | City | Casablanca |
| 1988 | Rockhaus | I.L.D. |
| 1989 | Rockhaus | Mich zu lieben |
| 1990 | Rockhaus | Wohin? |
VEB Deutsche Schallplatten Berlin
EST [1] |
LVA [2] |
 LTU [3] |
|---|
References
~
(EST) – Estonia
(LVA) – Latvia
(LTU) – Lithuania
(KGD) – Kaliningrad
~
Candle Dimmers
THIS SECTION IS ONLY AN EXAMPLE.
| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Album | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GDR [1] |
PRL [2] |
URS [3] |
TCH [4] |
HUN [5] |
RSR [6] |
ALB [7] |
YUG [8] |
PRB [9] | |||
| 1982 | "Brezhnev Blues" "Blowing Out the Lights" |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Candle Dimmers |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart. | |||||||||||
References
"Wind of Change"
| — | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | |||||||
| ~ "Velvet Change" ~ (16 Dec 1986 – 01 Jan 1993) |
||||||||
| — | ||||||||
| — | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Meine | Schenker | Jabs | Buchholz | Rarebell | — | ||
| 1979 | Lovedrive |
|
|
|
|
| ||
| 1980 | Animal Magnetism |
|
|
|
|
| ||
| 1982 | Blackout |
|
|
|
|
| ||
| 1984 | Love at First Sting |
|
|
|
|
| ||
| 1984 | Gold Ballads (Still Loving You) |
|
|
|
|
| ||
| 1985 | World Wide Live |
|
|
|
|
| ||
| 1988 | Savage Amusement |
|
|
|
|
| ||
| 1989 | Best of Rockers 'n' Ballads |
|
|
|
|
| ||
| 1990 | Crazy World |
|
|
|
|
| ||
| 1991 | Crazy World Tour Live... Berlin 1991 |
|
|
|
|
| ||
| 1992 | Still Loving You (More Gold Ballads) |
|
|
|
|
| ||
| — | ||||||||
| — | ||||||||
All of above produced by Dieter Dierks except Crazy World audio and video releases.
Key:
SPD (centre-left) |
CDU (centre-right)
| Name | Date | |
|---|---|---|
| Konrad Adenauer | 1949–1963 | |
| Ludwig Erhard | 1963–1966 | |
| Kurt Georg Kiesinger | 1966–1969 | |
| Willy Brandt | 1969–1974 | |
| Helmut Schmidt | 1974–1982 | |
| Helmut Kohl | 1982–1998 | |
| Gerhard Schröder | 1998–2005 | |
| Angela Merkel | 2005–2021 | |
| Olaf Scholz | 2021–2025 | |
| Friedrich Merz | 2025–present | |
German federal elections
Chancellors & Chairpeople of the SPD
| Chairpeople of the SPD | SPD | Chancellor | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kurt Schumacher | 1946–1952 | — | |
| Erich Ollenhauer | 1952–1963 | — | |
| Willy Brandt | 1964–1987 | 1969–1974 | |
| Helmut Schmidt | — | 1974–1982 | |
| Hans-Jochen Vogel | 1987–1991 | — | |
| Björn Engholm | 1991–1993 | — | |
| Johannes Rau – (acting) | 1993–1993 | — | |
| Rudolf Scharping | 1993–1995 | — | |
| Oskar Lafontaine | 1995–1999 | — | |
| Gerhard Schröder | 1999–2004 | 1998–2005 | |
| Franz Müntefering | 2004–2005 | — | |
| Matthias Platzeck | 2005–2006 | — | |
| Kurt Beck | 2006–2008 | — | |
| Frank-Walter Steinmeier – (acting) | 2008–2008 | — | |
| Franz Müntefering | 2008–2009 | — | |
| Sigmar Gabriel | 2009–2017 | — | |
| Martin Schulz | 2017–2018 | — | |
| Olaf Scholz – (acting) | 2018–2018 | — | |
| Andrea Nahles | 2018–2019 | — | |
| Manuela Schwesig – (acting) | 2019–2019 | — | |
| Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel – (acting) | 2019–2019 | — | |
| Malu Dreyer – (acting) | 2019–2019 | — | |
| 2019–present | — | ||
General Secretary of the SPD
| General Secretary | Start | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Franz Müntefering | 1999 | 2002 | |
| Olaf Scholz | 2002 | 2004 | |
| Klaus Uwe Benneter | 2004 | 2005 | |
| Hubertus Heil | 2005 | 2009 | |
| Andrea Nahles | 2009 | 2014 | |
| Yasmin Fahimi | 2014 | 2015 | |
| Katarina Barley | 2015 | 2017 | |
| Hubertus Heil – (acting) | 2017 | 2017 | |
| Lars Klingbeil | 2017 | 2021 | |
| Kevin Kühnert | 2021 | Present | |
Chancellors & Chairpeople of the CDU & CDU/CSU group
| Chairpeople of the CDU & CDU/CSU group | CDU/CSU | CDU | Chancellor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Konrad Adenauer | — | 1950–1966 | 1949–1963 | |
| Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo | 1949–1955 | — | — | |
| Ludwig Erhard | — | 1966–1967 | 1963–1966 | |
| Heinrich Krone | 1955–1961 | — | — | |
| Kurt Georg Kiesinger | — | 1967–1971 | 1966–1969 | |
| Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo | 1961–1964 | — | — | |
| Rainer Barzel | 1964–1973 | 1971–1973 | — — | |
| Karl Carstens | 1973–1976 | — | — | |
| Helmut Kohl | 1976–1982 | 1973–1998 | 1982–1998 | |
| Alfred Dregger | 1982–1991 | — | — | |
| Wolfgang Schäuble | 1991–2000 | 1998–2000 | — — | |
| Friedrich Merz | 2000–2002 | — | — | |
| Angela Merkel | 2002–2005 | 2000–2018 | 2005–2021 | |
| Volker Kauder | 2005–2018 | — | — | |
| Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer | — | 2018–2021 | — — | |
| Ralph Brinkhaus | 2018–2022 | — | — | |
| Armin Laschet | — | 2021–2022 | — — | |
| – | – | — | — | |
| Friedrich Merz | 2022–present | 2022–present | 2025–present | |
Ministers-Presidents & Chairpeople of the CSU
| Chairpeople of the CSU | CSU | Ministers-President | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fritz Schäffer | — | 1945–1945 | |
| Wilhelm Hoegner – (SPD) | — | 1945–1946 | |
| Josef Müller | 1945–1949 | — | |
| Hans Ehard | 1949–1955 | 1946–1954 | |
| Wilhelm Hoegner – (SPD) | — | 1954–1957 | |
| Hanns Seidel | 1955–1961 | 1957–1960 | |
| Hans Ehard | — | 1960–1962 | |
| Alfons Goppel | — | 1962–1978 | |
| Franz Josef Strauss | 1961–1988 | 1978–1988 | |
| Max Streibl | — | 1988–1993 | |
| Theo Waigel | 1988–1999 | — | |
| Edmund Stoiber | 1999–2007 | 1993–2007 | |
| Erwin Huber | 2007–2008 | — | |
| Günther Beckstein | — | 2007–2008 | |
| Horst Seehofer | 2008–2019 | 2008–2018 | |
| Ilse Aigner | — | 2018–2018 – (acting) | |
| Markus Söder | 2019–present | 2018–present | |
General Secretary of the CSU
| General Secretary | Start | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Franz Josef Strauss | 1949 | 1952 | |
| Josef Brunner | 1952 | 1954 | |
| Heinz Lechmann | 1954 | 1956 | |
| Friedrich Zimmermann | 1956 | 1963 | |
| Anton Jaumann | 1963 | 1967 | |
| Max Streibl | 1967 | 1970 | |
| Gerold Tandler | 1970 | 1978 | |
| Edmund Stoiber | 1978 | 1983 | |
| Otto Wiesheu | 1983 | 1983 | |
| Gerold Tandler | 1983 | 1988 | |
| Erwin Huber | 1988 | 1994 | |
| Bernd Protzner | 1994 | 1998 | |
| Thomas Goppel | 1998 | 2003 | |
| Markus Söder | 2003 | 2007 | |
| Christine Haderthauer | 2007 | 2008 | |
| Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg | 2008 | 2009 | |
| Alexander Dobrindt | 2009 | 2013 | |
| Andreas Scheuer | 2013 | 2018 | |
| Markus Blume | 2018 | Present | |
General Secretary of the CDU
| General Secretary | Start | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bruno Heck | 1967 | 1971 | |
| Konrad Kraske | 1971 | 1973 | |
| Kurt Biedenkopf | 1973 | 1977 | |
| Heiner Geißler | 1977 | 1989 | |
| Volker Rühe | 1989 | 1992 | |
| Peter Hintze | 1992 | 1998 | |
| Angela Merkel | 1998 | 2000 | |
| Ruprecht Polenz | 2000 | 2000 | |
| Laurenz Meyer | 2000 | 2004 | |
| Volker Kauder | 2004 | 2005 | |
| Ronald Pofalla | 2005 | 2009 | |
| Hermann Gröhe | 2009 | 2013 | |
| Peter Tauber | 2013 | 2018 | |
| Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer | 2018 | 2018 | |
| Paul Ziemiak | 2018 | 2022 | |
| Mario Czaja | 2022 | Present | |
Christian Democratic Union of Germany
|
|---|
| West |
|
East | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 West
|
.svg){kind=small} East
| |||
| 1945–1945 | vacant | Andreas Hermes (acting) | ||
| 1945–1945 | vacant | Andreas Hermes | ||
| 1945–1946 | vacant | Jakob Kaiser (acting) | ||
| 1946–1947 | vacant | Jakob Kaiser | ||
| 1947–1948 | vacant | Otto Nuschke (acting) | ||
| 1948–1950 | vacant | Otto Nuschke | ||
| 1950–1957 | Konrad Adenauer | Otto Nuschke | ||
| 1957–1958 | Konrad Adenauer | August Bach (acting) | ||
| 1958–1966 | Konrad Adenauer | August Bach | ||
| 1966–1966 | Ludwig Erhard | Gerald Götting (acting) | ||
| 1966–1967 | Ludwig Erhard | Gerald Götting | ||
| 1967–1971 | Kurt Georg Kiesinger | Gerald Götting | ||
| 1971–1973 | Rainer Barzel | Gerald Götting | ||
| 1973–1989 | Helmut Kohl | Gerald Götting | ||
| 1989–1989 | Helmut Kohl | Wolfgang Heyl (acting) | ||
| 1989–1990 | Helmut Kohl | Lothar de Maizière | ||
|
| ||||
| 1990–1998 | Helmut Kohl | |||
| 1998–2000 | Wolfgang Schäuble | |||
| 2000–2000 | Angela Merkel (acting) | |||
| 2000–2018 | Angela Merkel | |||
| 2018–2021 | Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer | |||
| 2021–2022 | Armin Laschet | |||
| 2022–present | Friedrich Merz | |||
| CDU | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Name | |
| 21 Oct 1950 | 23 Mar 1966 | Konrad Adenauer | |
| 23 Mar 1966 | 23 May 1967 | Ludwig Erhard | |
| 23 May 1967 | 05 Oct 1971 | Kurt Georg Kiesinger | |
| 05 Oct 1971 | 12 Jun 1973 | Rainer Barzel | |
| 12 Jun 1973 | 07 Nov 1998 | Helmut Kohl | |
| 07 Nov 1998 | 16 Feb 2000 | Wolfgang Schäuble | |
| 16 Feb 2000 | 10 Apr 2000 | Angela Merkel (acting) | |
| 10 Apr 2000 | 07 Dec 2018 | Angela Merkel | |
| 07 Dec 2018 | 16 Jan 2021 | Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer | |
| 16 Jan 2021 | 22 Jan 2022 | Armin Laschet | |
| 22 Jan 2022 | Present | Friedrich Merz | |
|
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
.jpg)
|
|
||
| Adenauer | Erhard | Kiesinger | Barzel | ||
|
|
|
.jpg)
| ||
| Kohl | Schäuble | Merkel | Kramp | ||
.jpg)
|
.jpg)
|
|
| ||
| Laschet | Merz | — | — | ||
| · | |||||
| CDU | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg)
|
|
|
|
||
| Hermes | Kaiser | Nuschke | Bach | ||
|
|
|
| ||
| Götting | Heyl | de Maizière | CDU | ||
| · | |||||
| CDU | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Name | |
| 26 Jun 1945 | 19 Dec 1945 | Andreas Hermes | |
| 19 Dec 1945 | 20 Dec 1947 | Jakob Kaiser | |
| 20 Dec 1947 | 27 Dec 1957 | Otto Nuschke | |
| 27 Dec 1957 | 23 Mar 1966 | August Bach | |
| 23 Mar 1966 | 02 Nov 1989 | Gerald Götting | |
| 02 Nov 1989 | 10 Nov 1989 | Wolfgang Heyl (acting) | |
| 10 Nov 1989 | 02 Oct 1990 | Lothar de Maizière | |
| 02 Oct 1990 | 03 Oct 1990 | CDU (East) → CDU (West) (merge) | |
Elections
| East German general elections and referendums | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | 1950 | 1951 | 1954 | 1954 | 1958 | 1963 | 1967 | 1968 | 1971 | 1976 | 1981 | 1986 | 1990 |
| West German federal elections | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | 1953 | 1957 | 1961 | 1965 | 1969 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1983 | 1987 |
| German federal elections | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1994 | 1998 | 2002 | 2005 | 2009 | 2013 | 2017 | 2021 |
| European Parliament elections | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | 1984 | 1989 | 1994 | 1999 | 2004 | 2009 | 2014 | 2019 | 2024 |
| 1990 East German general election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| German Social Union (DSU) | |
| Association of Free Democrats (gfD) | |
| Alliance 90 (B'90) | |
| Democratic Farmers' Party (DBD) | |
| Green Party–Independent Women's Association (GRÜNE/UFV) | |
| Democratic Awakening (DA) | |
| National Democratic Party (NDPD) | |
| Democratic Women's League (DFD) | |
| United Left (VL) | |
| 1990 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (B90/GRÜNE) (East) | |
| The Greens (GRÜNE) (West) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1994 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1998 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2002 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2005 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left Party.PDS (PDS) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2009 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2013 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| 2017 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| 2021 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| 1989 European Parliament election in West Germany | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| 1994 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1999 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2004 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2009 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2014 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| 2019 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| 2024 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| 1990 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (B90/GRÜNE) (East) | |
| The Greens (GRÜNE) (West) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1994 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1994 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1998 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1999 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2002 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2004 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2005 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left Party.PDS (PDS) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2009 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2009 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2013 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| 2014 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| 2017 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| 2019 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| 2021 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| 2024 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
Political parties
| Politics of Germany | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Election | Party | Election | ||||||||||||
| LINKE | PDS | SPD | GRÜNE | FDP | CDU | CSU | REP | AfD | ||||||
| 1990 DE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 DE | ||||
| 1994 EU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 EU | ||||
| 1994 DE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 DE | ||||
| 1998 DE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 DE | ||||
| 1999 EU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 EU | ||||
| 2002 DE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 DE | ||||
| 2004 EU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 EU | ||||
| 2005 DE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 DE | ||||
| 2009 EU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 EU | ||||
| 2009 DE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 DE | ||||
| 2013 DE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 DE | ||||
| 2014 EU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 EU | ||||
| 2017 DE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 DE | ||||
| 2019 EU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019 EU | ||||
| 2021 DE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021 DE | ||||
| 2024 EU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2024 EU | ||||
| Election | LINKE | PDS | SPD | GRÜNE | FDP | CDU | CSU | REP | AfD | Election | ||||
| Party | ||||||||||||||
| · | ||||||||||||||
| · | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
#BE3075
|
The Left (DIE LINKE) | ||||
#FF0000
|
Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | ||||
#EB001F
|
Social Democratic Party (SPD) | ||||
#64A12D
|
Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | ||||
#FFED00
|
Free Democratic Party (FDP) | ||||
#000000
|
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | ||||
#008AC5
|
Christian Social Union (CSU) | ||||
#0075BE
|
The Republicans (REP) | ||||
#009EE0
|
Alternative for Germany (AfD) | ||||
| · | |||||
- Political party coalitions
| Coalitions | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | "Lights" | — | "Jamaica" | — | "Kenya" | — | "Germany" | — | "Grand" | — | |||||
| SPD | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | |||||||||||
| FDP | FDP | SPD | SPD | SPD | |||||||||||
| GRÜ | GRÜ | GRÜ | FDP | — | — | ||||||||||
| — | |||||||||||||||
| CDU · CDU/CSU · CSU |
| CDU/CSU | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDU | CSU | |||
CDU v AfD
| – | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | ||||||
| New states of Germany | (GDR) | ||||||
| CDU | AfD | ||||||
| Berlin (East)
|
|
| |||||
| Brandenburg
|
|
| |||||
| Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
|
|
| |||||
| Saxony
|
|
| |||||
| Saxony-Anhalt
|
|
| |||||
| Thuringia
|
|
| |||||
| – | |||||||
| – | |||||||
Germany & Austria
SPD (1863–present)
CDU (West Germany) (1945–1990)
CDU (East Germany) (1945–1990)
CDU (1990–present)
SPÖ (1945–present)
ÖVP (1945–2017)
ÖVP (2017–present)
Key:
SPÖ (centre-left) |
ÖVP /
ÖVP (centre-right) |
Independent
| Name | Date | |
|---|---|---|
| Karl Renner | 1945–1945 | |
| Leopold Figl | 1945–1953 | |
| Julius Raab | 1953–1961 | |
| Alfons Gorbach | 1961–1964 | |
| Josef Klaus | 1964–1970 | |
| Bruno Kreisky | 1970–1983 | |
| Fred Sinowatz | 1983–1986 | |
| Franz Vranitzky | 1986–1997 | |
| Viktor Klima | 1997–2000 | |
| Wolfgang Schüssel | 2000–2007 | |
| Alfred Gusenbauer | 2007–2008 | |
| Werner Faymann | 2008–2016 | |
| Reinhold Mitterlehner | 2016–2016 – (Acting) | |
| Christian Kern | 2016–2017 | |
| Sebastian Kurz | 2017–2019 | |
| Hartwig Löger | 2019–2019 – (Acting) | |
| Brigitte Bierlein | 2019–2020 | |
| Sebastian Kurz | 2020–2021 | |
| Alexander Schallenberg | 2021–2021 | |
| Karl Nehammer | 2021–2025 | |
| Alexander Schallenberg | 2025–2025 – (Acting) | |
| Christian Stocker | 2025–present | |
Austria federal elections
Chancellors & Chairpeople of the SPÖ
| Chairpeople of the SPÖ | SPÖ | Chancellor | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Karl Renner | — | 1945–1945 | |
| Adolf Schärf | 1945–1957 | — | |
| Bruno Pittermann | 1957–1967 | — | |
| Bruno Kreisky | 1967–1983 | 1970–1983 | |
| Fred Sinowatz | 1983–1988 | 1983–1986 | |
| Franz Vranitzky | 1988–1997 | 1986–1997 | |
| Viktor Klima | 1997–2000 | 1997–2000 | |
| Alfred Gusenbauer | 2000–2008 | 2007–2008 | |
| Werner Faymann | 2008–2016 | 2008–2016 | |
| Michael Häupl | 2016–2016 | — | |
| Christian Kern | 2016–2018 | 2016–2017 | |
| Pamela Rendi-Wagner | 2018–2023 | — | |
| Andreas Babler | 2023–present | — | |
Chancellors & Chairpeople of the ÖVP
| Chairpeople of the ÖVP | ÖVP | Chancellor | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leopold Kunschak | 1945–1945 | — | |
| Leopold Figl | 1945–1952 | 1945–1953 | |
| Julius Raab | 1952–1960 | 1953–1961 | |
| Alfons Gorbach | 1960–1963 | 1961–1964 | |
| Josef Klaus | 1963–1970 | 1964–1970 | |
| Hermann Withalm | 1970–1971 | — | |
| Karl Schleinzer | 1971–1975 | — | |
| Josef Taus | 1975–1979 | — | |
| Alois Mock | 1979–1989 | — | |
| Josef Riegler | 1989–1991 | — | |
| Erhard Busek | 1991–1995 | — | |
| Wolfgang Schüssel | 1995–2007 | 2000–2007 | |
| Wilhelm Molterer | 2007–2008 | — | |
| Josef Pröll | 2008–2011 | — | |
| Michael Spindelegger | 2011–2014 | — | |
| Reinhold Mitterlehner | 2014–2017 | — | |
| Sebastian Kurz | 2017–2021 | 2017–2019; 2020–2021 | |
| Alexander Schallenberg | 2021–2021 | 2021–2021 | |
| Karl Nehammer | 2021–2025 | 2021–2025 | |
| Alexander Schallenberg | 2025–2025 | 2025–2025 | |
| Christian Stocker | 2025–present | 2025–present | |
General Secretary of the ÖVP
| General Secretary | Start | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Felix Hurdes | 1945 | 1951 | |
| Alfred Maleta | 1951 | 1960 | |
| Hermann Withalm | 1960 | 1970 | |
| Karl Schleinzer | 1970 | 1971 | |
| Herbert Kohlmaier | 1971 | 1975 | |
| Erhard Busek | 1975 | 1976 | |
| Sixtus Lanner | 1976 | 1982 | |
| Michael Graff | 1982 | 1987 | |
| Helmut Kukacka | 1987 | 1990 | |
| Raimund Solonar | 1990 | 1991 | |
| Ferdinand Maier | 1991 | 1993 | |
| Wilhelm Molterer | 1993 | 1994 | |
| Ingrid Korosec | 1994 | 1995 | |
| Othmar Karas | 1995 | 1999 | |
| Maria Rauch-Kallat | 1999 | 2003 | |
| Reinhold Lopatka | 2003 | 2007 | |
| Hannes Missethon | 2007 | 2008 | |
| Fritz Kaltenegger | 2008 | 2011 | |
| Johannes Rauch | 2011 | 2013 | |
| Gernot Blümel | 2013 | 2015 | |
| Peter McDonald | 2015 | 2016 | |
| Werner Amon | 2016 | 2017 | |
| Elisabeth Köstinger | 2017 | 2017 | |
| Stefan Steiner | 2017 | 2018 | |
| Karl Nehammer | 2018 | 2020 | |
| Axel Melchior | 2020 | 2022 | |
| Laura Sachslehner | 2022 | 2022 | |
| Christian Stocker | 2022 | 2025 | |
| Alexander Pröll | 2025 | Present | |
Elections
| Austrian Parliamentary elections | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1994 | 1995 | 1999 | 2002 | 2006 | 2008 | 2013 | 2017 | 2019 | 2024 |
| European Parliamentary elections | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 1999 | 2004 | 2009 | 2014 | 2019 | 2024 |
Referendums
| Referendums | |
|---|---|
| 1994 | 2013 |
Incumbents
| Germany | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Lars Klingbeil / Saskia Esken | SPD | 11 Dec 2021 | |
| Friedrich Merz | CDU | 22 Jan 2022 | |
| Austria | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Andreas Babler | SPÖ | 03 Jun 2023 | |
| Christian Stocker | ÖVP | 05 Jan 2025 | |
It's not difficult envisioning Austrian accession into the Visegrád Group → (V4 becoming V5).
East Germany, 1949–1990
.svg)
West Germany, 1949–1990
Germany, 1990–present
The tint of red used in the Flag of Berlin is the same as that previously used by the SED.
- East Germany
(1949–1990)
| SED | ||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| (East) | ||
| · | ||
| SED | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg)
|
|
.jpg)
|
||
| Pieck | Grotewohl | Ulbricht | ||
(c).jpg)
|
.jpg)
|
| ||
| Stoph | Honecker | Ebert Jr. | ||
|
|
| ||
| Sindermann | Krenz | Modrow | ||
| · | ||||
| SED | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Born | Died | |
| Wilhelm Pieck | 03 Jan 1876 | 07 Sep 1960 | |
| Otto Grotewohl | 11 Mar 1894 | 21 Sep 1964 | |
| Walter Ulbricht | 30 Jun 1893 | 01 Aug 1973 | |
| Willi Stoph | 09 Jul 1914 | 13 Apr 1999 | |
| Erich Honecker | 25 Aug 1912 | 29 May 1994 | |
| Friedrich Ebert Jr. | 12 Sep 1894 | 04 Dec 1979 | |
| Horst Sindermann | 05 Sep 1915 | 20 Apr 1990 | |
| Egon Krenz | 19 Mar 1937 | ||
| Hans Modrow | 27 Jan 1928 | 10 Feb 2023 | |
Former leadership
Still living
| East Germany | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | East Germans living | — | ||
| Egon Krenz | 19 Mar 1937 | |||
| Lothar de Maizière | 02 Mar 1940 | |||
| Sabine Bergmann-Pohl | 20 Apr 1946 | |||
| Other living Eastern Bloc leaders | ||||
| Karel Urbánek | 22 Mar 1941 | |||
| Miomir Grbović | 05 Mar 1951 | |||
| — | ||||
👑 & ⚓
CDU = ♠ Spades ♠
SPD = ♥ Hearts ♥
SPD = ♦ Diamonds ♦
CDU = ♣ Clubs ♣
| Suit (from highest-to-lowest) |
Ace | King | Queen | Jack | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ♠ Spades ♠ | 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ♥ Hearts ♥ | 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ♦ Diamonds ♦ | 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ♣ Clubs ♣ | 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baltic thirst
Carlsberg Group vs. Royal Unibrew
|
||||
| EP Group | ||
|---|---|---|
| ECR | 22 | |
| ESN | 8 | |
| PfE | 16 | |
- Bold denotes both Group and Party member.
- Module:Political party/1
- Module:Political party/A
- Module:Political party/B
- Module:Political party/C
- Module:Political party/D
- Module:Political party/E
- Module:Political party/F
- Module:Political party/G
- Module:Political party/H
- Module:Political party/I
- Module:Political party/J
- Module:Political party/K
- Module:Political party/L
- Module:Political party/M
- Module:Political party/N
- Module:Political party/O
- Module:Political party/P
- Module:Political party/Q
- Module:Political party/R
- Module:Political party/S
- Module:Political party/T
- Module:Political party/U
- Module:Political party/V
- Module:Political party/W
- Module:Political party/X
- Module:Political party/Y
- Module:Political party/Z
Brackets
| Brackets | ||
|---|---|---|
- Sample
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | ||||
| 3 | 3 | |||
| 4 | ||||
| 5 | 5 | 5 | ||
| 6 | ||||
| 7 | 7 | |||
| 8 | ||||
| 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |
| 10 | ||||
| 11 | 11 | |||
| 12 | ||||
| 13 | 13 | 13 | ||
| 14 | ||||
| 15 | 15 | |||
| 16 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | ||||
| 3 | 3 | |||
| 4 | ||||
| 5 | 5 | 5 | ||
| 6 | ||||
| 7 | 7 | |||
| 8 | ||||
| 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |
| 10 | ||||
| 11 | 11 | |||
| 12 | ||||
| 13 | 13 | 13 | ||
| 14 | ||||
| 15 | 15 | |||
| 16 |
(Different sports use different methodologies.)
See [here].
| Metric prefix | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | prefix | — | ||||
| 10−24 | yocto | 10−24 | ||||
| 10−21 | zepto | 10−21 | ||||
| 10−18 | atto | 10−18 | ||||
| 10−15 | femto | 10−15 | ||||
| 10−12 | pico | 10−12 | ||||
| 10−9 | nano | 10−9 | ||||
| 10−6 | micro | 10−6 | ||||
| 10−3 | milli | 10−3 | ||||
| 100 | — | 100 | ||||
| 103 | kilo | 103 | ||||
| 106 | mega | 106 | ||||
| 109 | giga | 109 | ||||
| 1012 | tera | 1012 | ||||
| 1015 | peta | 1015 | ||||
| 1018 | exa | 1018 | ||||
| 1021 | zetta | 1021 | ||||
| 1024 | yotta | 1024 | ||||
| — | prefix | — | ||||
| — | ||||||
`
Northern pole star (North Star) – Alpha Ursae Minoris (Polaris)
Southern pole star (South Star) – Sigma Octantis (Polaris Australis)
Symbols
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| ~ | |
|---|---|
|
|
North |
|
|
Northeast |
|
|
East |
|
|
Southeast |
|
|
South |
|
|
Southwest |
|
|
West |
|
|
Northwest |
| — | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | ||
| — | |||
| — | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | ||
| — | |||
| — | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | ||
| — | |||
| — | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | ||
| — | |||
| — | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | ||
| — | |||
| — | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | ||
| — | |||
Boxes
| — | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | — | ||||
| — | — | — | — | — | ||
| A | ||||||
| — | ||||||
| — | ||||||
| — | ||||||
OR
| — | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | — | ||||
| — | — | — | ||||
| — | A | — | ||||
| — | ||||||
| — | ||||||
| — | ||||||
| # | Compass point | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | North | N |
| 2 | North by east | NbE |
| 3 | North-northeast | NNE |
| 4 | Northeast by north | NEbN |
| 5 | Northeast | NE |
| 6 | Northeast by east | NEbE |
| 7 | East-northeast | ENE |
| 8 | East by north | EbN |
| 9 | East | E |
| 10 | East by south | EbS |
| 11 | East-southeast | ESE |
| 12 | Southeast by east | SEbE |
| 13 | Southeast | SE |
| 14 | Southeast by south | SEbS |
| 15 | South-southeast | SSE |
| 16 | South by east | SbE |
| 17 | South | S |
| 18 | South by west | SbW |
| 19 | South-southwest | SSW |
| 20 | Southwest by south | SWbS |
| 21 | Southwest | SW |
| 22 | Southwest by west | SWbW |
| 23 | West-southwest | WSW |
| 24 | West by south | WbS |
| 25 | West | W |
| 26 | West by north | WbN |
| 27 | West-northwest | WNW |
| 28 | Northwest by west | NWbW |
| 29 | Northwest | NW |
| 30 | Northwest by north | NWbN |
| 31 | North-northwest | NNW |
| 32 | North by west | NbW |
|
