COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium: Difference between revisions

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<center>'''Confirmed new cases per day in Belgium'''</center>
<center>'''Confirmed new cases per day in Belgium'''</center>
{{Graph:Chart
{{Graph:Chart
| width = 480
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| height = 245
| colors = #f45843
| colors = #f45843
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| xAxisTitle =
| yAxisTitle = New coronavirus cases
| yAxisTitle = New coronavirus cases
| yAxisMax = 250
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| showValues = offset:-6
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<center>'''Confirmed new cases in Belgium by region'''</center>
<center>'''Confirmed new cases in Belgium by region'''</center>
{{Graph:Chart
{{Graph:Chart
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| colors = #becb00,#006432,#29a62f, #dddddd
| xAxisTitle =
| xAxisTitle =
| yAxisTitle = New coronavirus cases
| yAxisTitle = New coronavirus cases
| yAxisMax = 250
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| yGrid =
| yGrid =
| type = stackedrect
| type = stackedrect
| x = 4 Feb, 1 Mar, 2 Mar, 3 Mar, 4 Mar, 5 Mar, 6 Mar, 7 Mar, 8 Mar, 9 Mar, 10 Mar, 11 Mar, 12 Mar, 13 Mar, 14 Mar, 15 Mar, 16 Mar, 17 Mar, 18 Mar
| x = 1 Mar, 2 Mar, 3 Mar, 4 Mar, 5 Mar, 6 Mar, 7 Mar, 8 Mar, 9 Mar, 10 Mar, 11 Mar, 12 Mar, 13 Mar, 14 Mar, 15 Mar, 16 Mar, 17 Mar, 18 Mar
| y1 = 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 9, 0, 15, 7, 10, 8, 11, 16, 84, 6, 28, 68, 33, 66
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| y2 = 0, 1, 5, 2, 2, 16, 14, 40, 16, 22, 17, 29, 66, 61, 118, 137, 80, 106, 133
| y2 = 1, 5, 2, 2, 16, 14, 40, 16, 22, 17, 29, 66, 61, 118, 137, 80, 106, 133
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{{smaller|Source: [[Sciensano]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://epidemio.wiv-isp.be/ID/Documents/Covid19/Meest%20recente%20update.pdf|title=COVID-19 - Epidemiologische situatie|date=14 March 2020|website=Sciensano}}</ref> (Belgisch Instituut voor Volksgezondheid) }}
{{smaller|Source: [[Sciensano]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://epidemio.wiv-isp.be/ID/Documents/Covid19/Meest%20recente%20update.pdf|title=COVID-19 - Epidemiologische situatie|date=14 March 2020|website=Sciensano}}</ref> (Belgisch Instituut voor Volksgezondheid) }}
</div>
</div>

<div class="" style="width:600px;">
<center>'''Confirmed deaths per day in Belgium'''</center>
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|y1Title=Total confirmed cases
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Revision as of 12:10, 18 March 2020

2020 coronavirus pandemic in Belgium
Map of Belgium and its provinces with the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as of 18 March 2020[1]
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationBelgium
First outbreakUnclear[2]
Index caseBrussels
Arrival date4 February 2020
(6 years, 1 month and 1 week ago)
Confirmed cases1,486[3] (= 1.3 cases per 10,000 head of population)
Recovered14 [4]
Deaths
14
Government website
https://www.info-coronavirus.be/

Template:2019–20 coronavirus pandemic data/Belgium medical cases chart The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Belgium on 4 February 2020, when its first COVID-19 case was confirmed in Brussels. The pandemic only started on 1 March, when many skiers who had spent the school holiday around carnival in the North of Italy were allowed to return to work or school.[5]

Efforts to address the coronavirus outbreak in Belgium have to be managed by the nine federal and regional health ministers, Maggie De Block (Open VLD, federal government), Wouter Beke (CD&V, Flemish Community), Christine Morreale [fr] (PS, French Community), Antonios Antoniadis [de] (SP, German-speaking Community), Bénédicte Linard [fr] (Ecolo, French Community), Valérie Glatigny (MR, French Community), Alain Maron (Ecolo, Brussels), Elke Van den Brandt (Groen, Brussels) and Barbara Trachte [fr] (Ecolo, Brussels).[6] with the support of:

Unlike most neighbouring countries (the Netherlands, France, Germany and the UK), the Belgian authorities are not willing to provide information or statistics on where the cases are located, beyond statistics for each region: Flanders, Brussels and Wallonia.[8]

Timeline

January 2020

Phase 1

On 29 January, Belgium issued a travel notice advising against non-essential flights to China, Hong Kong excluded, with some travel companies cancelling all flights to China.[9] Chinese New Year celebrations were cancelled at the University of Leuven.[10]

Towards the end of January it became clear that Belgium had an insufficient stock of surgical masks but Jan Eyckmans of the Federal Public Service Health department claimed the Belgian hospitals had sufficient stock.[11][12] On 8 March the federal minister of public health stated she had a solution for the shortage of masks but was unwilling to disclose the potential vendor and the number of masks involved.[13] On 15 March, it became clear that the masks had not been delivered on time,[14] and the following day De Block announced that her department's order of 5 million masks had involved fraud.[15][16] On 16 March hospitals such as the UZ Leuven called for the public to bring in FFP2 , FFP3 respirators or surgical masks[17] and the next day it became clear that De Block had blundered by ordering all 5 million masks from a single company (M.O.S.S.A. vof), a consultancy firm that had no track record in the medical field and was owned by Mahmut Öz, a Belgo-Turkish politician from her own political affiliation.[18]

February 2020

On 1 February, Belgian nationals living in Hubei were repatriated on a series of evacuation flights arriving at Melsbroek Military Airport in Brussels,[19] where they were quarantined and examined in a military hospital. People tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were transferred to the Military Hospital of Neder-over-Heembeek where they underwent a 14-day quarantine.[20][21]

On 4 February, Belgium confirmed the first case.[22] The patient, an asymptomatic 54-year-old male was one of nine Belgians repatriated from China.[23] He was quarantined at Saint-Pierre Hospital in Brussels.[22]

On 21 February a group of 10 Belgian citizens were allowed to return to Belgium after having been constrained on the MS Westerdam cruise ship for several days.[24] Two couples used public transport to return home, notwithstanding the requirement to be quarantined for 2 weeks.[25]

On 24 February, following the discovery of a COVID-19 case involving an Italian citizen, more than 100 Belgian citizens were put in quarantine in the H10 Costa Adeje Palace in Tenerife that was put on lockdown.[26][27] Fifteen people were allowed to return on 28 February. The remainder were allowed to travel back to Belgium on 5 March, without having been tested for the SARS-CoV-2 virus.[28]

On 25 February Belgian federal minister of health Maggie De Block asserted that "Belgium was prepared" for the possible arrival of cases of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.[29]

Hospital prefab-containers built next to the emergency department for the COVID-19 crisis at the Antwerp University Hospital, 14 March 2020

On 26 February the UZA clinic in Edegem started with the construction of containers to be able to cope with the increased influx of patients in the emergency department.[30]

March 2020

Phase 2

On 1 March, a second case of coronavirus was confirmed in Belgium, a Dutch speaking woman who had returned from Crépy-en-Valois in one of the regions affected in France.[31] At the same time phase 2 of the health risk containment strategy was activated.[32] The yearly one week school holiday around carnival lasted from 22 February until 1 March 2020 and quite a few people go on ski vacation during that period. The number of detected virus infections therefore sharply rose upon the return of people having resided in the ski resorts of the North of Italy. The mayor of Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe, Olivier Maingain, was one of the only mayors to take measures to prevent the spreading of the new corona virus by restricting access to schools, preschools, sports facilities and public places for persons returning from areas at risk.[33]

On 2 March six additional cases, making a total of eight, have been diagnosed. Five were found in Flanders and one in Brussels, all six having come back from Northern Italy.[34] Minister De Block mentioned there was no reason to panic and said Belgium could cope with the epidemic.[35] Some experts, like Marc Wathelet[36] and professor Herman Goossens of the UZA in Antwerp criticized the (lack of) measures taken by the Belgian government and called for wider screening for the virus.[37] Pharmacists complained they did not receive clear instructions from the authorities.[38]

As of 3 March, six additional cases were confirmed, making a total of 14 cases. One of the infected persons was a 17-year old teenager who returned to his school in Tienen after a ski vacation in the North of Italy.[39] Another person from Sint-Niklaas also returned from a skiing holiday.[40] A patient from Verviers was hospitalized in a Brussels clinic,[41] and two cases were found in Couthuin [fr] (part of Héron).[42] One patient is a 65-year-old male from Eupen who presented relatively severe symptoms and had not been to any of the regions with a higher risk of infection.[43][44] Steven Van Gucht of the Scientific Committee predicted that in the worst-case scenario the epidemic would cause 13,000 virus infections, with 2,000 to 3,000 hospitalisations and 500 to 700 patients in intensive care.[45] In a later interview he mentioned different numbers saying that 70 % of the population (approximately 8 million persons) could become infected.[46]

As of 4 March, ten new cases were confirmed before noon, making a total of 23. Nine of the new patients recently returned from Italy. The other patient had contact with a prior case.[47] Four cases were in the Leuven area,[48] one case in Hasselt,[49] and one in Pelt.[50] In Wevelgem two related cases appeared. A complete family of 7 was infected upon their return from a ski holiday in the North of Italy. Initially the Belgian authorities did not want to test the family for the virus, notwithstanding the request of the family.[51] Additionally a teacher in a primary school in Wevelgem, who was on the same ski vacation as the family of seven and even went to work for two and a half days after the school holiday became sick and was diagnosed with the covid-19 virus.[52] The Agentschap Zorg en Gezondheid advised the school to not close down.[53] A retirement home in Gooik stopped receiving visitors as a precautionary measure, because one employee could have been in contact with the new corona virus.[54] Joris Moonens, the spokesman of the Flemish Agency for Care and Health, expressed the opinion that this was not an appropriate measure.[55]

On 4 March 2020, the European Defence Agency (EDA) confirmed that a staff member had tested positive for coronavirus, marking the first confirmed case in the agencies of the European Union.[56] The senior EDA official had returned from a trip to Italy the previous week.[56] After returning from Italy, he attended a roughly four-hour meeting with about thirty other European Union officials last week before he started feeling ill on Saturday (29 February).[56] A military staff member of the European External Action Service who attended the meeting has also begun experiencing symptoms.[56] The EDA has cancelled all meetings until 13 March, and other European Union institutions are also taking precautions.[56][57]

On 5 March 27 new confirmed cases were reported by the government (16 in Flanders, 9 in Wallonia and 2 in Brussels), bringing the total to 50.[58] Of the 50 persons 1 patient recovered, 48 are quarantined in their home and 1 person is being treated in the Sint-Pietersziekenhuis.[59] The new cases were reported to be in Knokke-Heist, Zonhoven, Doomkerke [nl] (Ruiselede) and Vlierzele (part of Sint-Lievens-Houtem).[60]

On 6 March 59 new cases were reported by the government, bringing the total to 109 (65 in Flanders, 12 in Brussels, 31 in Wallonia and 1 cured). The new cases were amongst others reported in Oosterzele and Sint-Katelijne-Waver.[61] The Ministry of Health confirmed for the first time that infections occurred on Belgium territory.

On 7 March 60 new cases were confirmed by the government (40 in Flanders, 5 in Brussels and 15 in Wallonia), bringing the total to 169 (105 in Flanders, 17 in Brussels, 46 in Wallonia and 1 cured). The new cases were amongst others reported in Houthalen, Melle, Lokeren, Mere, Lede, Tildonk and Poppel.[62] The UZ Leuven confirmed they were forced to limit the number of tests for the virus because of a shortage of reagents for the test.[63] The ministry of public health mentioned that "more and more infections are being contracted locally” but did not provide the information on how many.[64]

From 422 samples taken on 7 March 31 were tested positive on 8 March (16 in Flanders, 8 in Brussels and 7 in Wallonia), bringing the number of infections to 200. The ministry of health confirmed "local circulation of the virus from various locations" but did not disclose these locations.[65]

Reinforced phase 2

On 10 March the total number of confirmed cases was 267;[66] that day the government advised to cancel any indoor scheduled events to be attended by more than 1000 people for the month of March. Prime minister Wilmès stressed this was not an interdiction but rather a recommendation.[67] Schools remain open but are advised to cancel trips abroad and multi-day excursions in general. Companies are advised to have their personnel work from home as much as possible and allow flexible working times to allow a better spread of public transport use throughout the day. The authorities called this 'reinforced phase 2'.[68]

On 11 March ministers De Block and Maron announced that the first death on Belgian territory due to COVID-19 occurred on 10 March,[69] a 90-year-old female patient from Brussels who was being treated in Etterbeek.[70] Two more patients died on the same day, one person aged 73 and one person aged 86 who died in Sint-Genesius-Rode.[71] Zorgnet Icuro requested minister Beke to take stronger actions with respect to visitor access at retirement homes in Flanders.[72] Professors Herman Goossens and Marc Van Ranst expressed the opinion that more drastic measures were required for Belgium and questioned the limit of maximum 1000 people for indoor events set by prime minister Wilmès on 10 March.[73]

On 12 March 2 new infections were detected as well as 32 suspected cases in retirement home Ter Kameren in Watermaal-Bosvoorde, one of the biggest retirement homes of the Brussels region.[74] The total number of confirmed cases rose to 399. Approximately 20 patients (approx. 5 %) out of those 399 were being treated in intensive care.[75] The Belgische Vereniging van Artsensyndicaten (BVAS/ABSyM) called for a closure of all schools at short notice and warned for a potential collapse of the health care system in Belgium.[76] In an open letter several Flemish rectors, two members belonging to the Coronavirus Scientific Committee that advises the Belgian authorities and several other experts urged the authorities to take decisive measures and to avoid non-binding instructions and guidelines.[77]

Late in the evening on 12 March, after a meeting of the National Security Council, the Belgian government ordered the closure of schools, discos, cafes and restaurants, and the cancellation of all public gatherings for sporting, cultural or festive purposes from Friday 14 March at midnight onwards.[78] It was stressed that the measures taken were not a lockdown because people are not required to stay home.[79] Earlier that day mayor Leopold Lippens already had ordered similar measures for his municipality of Knokke-Heist.[80] The president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen informed the entire staff that 7 of their colleagues had tested positive, six of whom in Belgium. She also instructed "all colleagues in non-critical functions" to work from home with immediate effect until 29 March, while those "who ensure critical functions" would need to work in two shifts to minimize the risk of contagion.[81]

Experts and authorities expressed their indignation about citizens organising or taking part in so-called 'lock-down or corona parties'.[82][83] Mayors of municipalities close to the border with the Netherlands such as Paul Van Miert of Turnhout urged their Dutch counterparts to request their national authorities in the Netherlands to implement similar measures as in Belgium.[84]

The coronavirus pandemic sparked new debate on the ongoing federal government formation. Representatives of N-VA, PS, Open Vld, MR, CD&V and sp.a sat together on 14 and 15 March to talk about an emergency coalition.[85] This idea was however rejected by the PS and MR, and eventually these parties (except N-VA) together with Ecolo, Groen, cdH and DéFI opted to temporarily grant more competences to the caretaker Wilmès I Government instead, under the form of a new Wilmès II Government, still a minority, but no longer in caretaker status, allowing more flexibility to take quick decisions.[86][87]

On 16 March the King adressed the nation and called on all Belgians to respect the COVID-19 measures “for ourselves and for the most vulnerable among us”.[88]

On the evening of 17 March the Prime Minister broadcast a decision to impose stricter social distancing measures from noon the following day, with non-essential travel prohibited, non-essential shops to close, gatherings banned, and penalties to force companies to abide by the rules.[89]

Statistics

The first recovered case was on 15 February 2020.[90] In the period of 1 March to 6 March the number of detected cases grew on average exponentially with a doubling of the number of cases every day. In the period between 7 March and 15 March the number of confirmed cases doubled on average every 3.2 days.

The 5 first fatalities were aged 73, 80, 86, 88 and 90 years old. The youngest fatality overall in Belgium was 59 years old.

Confirmed new cases per day in Belgium

Source: Sciensano[91] (Belgisch Instituut voor Volksgezondheid)

Confirmed new cases in Belgium by region

Source: Sciensano[92] (Belgisch Instituut voor Volksgezondheid)

Confirmed deaths per day in Belgium
Total cases in Belgium
Semi-logarithmic graph of the number of confirmed cases and deaths in Belgium as of 2020-03-17

Template:2019–20 coronavirus pandemic data/Belgium medical cases

References

  1. ^ COVID-19 – EPIDEMIOLOGISCHESITUATIE OP 18 MAART 2020, Sciensano, 18 March 2020
  2. ^ David Cyranoski (26 February 2020). "Mystery deepens over animal source of coronavirus". Nature. 579 (7797): 18–19. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00548-w. PMID 32127703.
  3. ^ The actual number of infections in Belgium is estimated to be much higher than the number of cases confirmed by a laboratory test, because mild presentations are not necessarily recognized as suspected cases and hence not tested and because the NRC has been forced to apply a system of triage due to a lack of reagents required for testing. Diagnosed cases are an underestimate of the real number by a factor of between 5 and 10.
  4. ^ "185 nieuwe coronabesmettingen in België: teller op 1.243". Newsmonkey. 17 March 2020.
  5. ^ Erika Vlieghe (UZA), VRT Journaal 12 March 2020.
  6. ^ "Here's why Belgium has nine health ministers". The Brussels Times. 5 March 2020.
  7. ^ "What is the government doing?". www.info-coronavirus.be. Federal Public Service Health (Belgium).
  8. ^ "Waarom ons land niet zegt waar de coronapatiënten wonen" (in Dutch). De Morgen. 5 March 2020.
  9. ^ "Buitenlandse Zaken raadt alle niet-essentiële reizen naar China af wegens het coronavirus" (in Dutch). VRTnws. 29 January 2020.
  10. ^ "Douaniers op onze luchthavens dragen voortaan mondmaskers: "Maar hier masker dragen tegen coronavirus heeft geen zin"" (in Dutch). VRTnws. 29 January 2020.
  11. ^ "China zuigt alle mondmaskers aan in België" (in Dutch). De Standaard. 29 January 2020.
  12. ^ "Belgische apotheken kunnen vraag naar mondmaskers niet aan" (in Dutch). Het Nieuwsblad. 25 February 2020.
  13. ^ "Maggie De Block heeft oplossing klaar voor tekort aan mondmaskers in ons land: 'Nog langer wachten is geen optie'" (in Dutch). De Standaard. 8 March 2020.
  14. ^ "Niet zeker of ziekenhuizen bestelde maskers krijgen" (in Dutch). De Standaard. 15 March 2020.
  15. ^ "Mogelijk fraude: kans dat mondmaskers tijdig geleverd worden aan ons land, 'is miniem'" (in Dutch). De Standaard. 16 March 2020.
  16. ^ "Alarm over mondmaskers na 'mogelijke fraude'" (in Dutch). De Standaard. 16 March 2020.
  17. ^ Oproep voor mondmaskers, UZ Leuven, 16 March 2020
  18. ^ "Flater De Block heeft zware gevolgen" (in Dutch). De Standaard. 17 March 2020.
  19. ^ Gabriela Galindo (3 February 2020). "Belgians evacuated from China amid coronavirus outbreak arrived in Brussels". The Brussel Times. Retrieved 5 February 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ "België haalt landgenoten terug uit Chinese provincie Hubei na uitbraak coronavirus" (in Dutch). VRTnws. 27 January 2020.
  21. ^ "Maggie De Block (Open VLD): "Gerepatrieerde Belgen moeten 14 dagen in quarantaine in Militair Hospitaal"" (in Dutch). VRTnws. 30 January 2020.
  22. ^ a b "First case of coronavirus confirmed in Belgium". The Brussels Times. 4 February 2020.
  23. ^ "Belg die besmet raakte met coronavirus ..." Het Laatste Nieuws (in Dutch). 4 February 2020.
  24. ^ "Belgische passagiers Westerdam geland in Nederland, hen wacht isolatie" (in Dutch). Het Laatste Nieuws. 21 February 2020.
  25. ^ "Alle Belgen weer thuis van corona-cruise: twee koppels keerden gewoon met openbaar vervoer terug van luchthaven" (in Dutch). Het Laatste Nieuws. 21 February 2020.
  26. ^ Laura Perez Maestro; Niamh Kennedy; Amy Woodyatt. "Tenerife hotel on partial lockdown as Italian tests positive for coronavirus". CNN. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  27. ^ "Ongerustheid bij Belgen in quarantaine in hotel Tenerife: "Het is hier 'tirez votre plan', er is veel onduidelijk"" (in Dutch). VRT. 29 February 2020.
  28. ^ "Belgen uit 'coronahotel' op Tenerife worden niet meer getest bij aankomst in ons land" (in Dutch). Het Nieuwsblad. 5 March 2020.
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  30. ^ "UZA test patiënten op coronavirus in aparte containers" (in Dutch). Gazet van Antwerpen. 26 February 2020.
  31. ^ "New coronavirus infection reported in Antwerp". The Brussels Times. 1 March 2020.
  32. ^ "Belgium enters Phase 2 for coronavirus: what does it mean?". The Brussels Times. 2 March 2020.
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  34. ^ "Returns from Italy push COVID-19 tally higher". VRTnws. 2 March 2020.
  35. ^ "Geen paniek, we kunnen dit aan" (in Dutch). De Standaard. 2 March 2020.
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  37. ^ "Experts oneens over aanpak coronavirus: "Patiënt was niet gevonden als we richtlijnen overheid hadden gevolgd"" (in Dutch). Gazet van Antwerpen. 2 March 2020.
  38. ^ "Apothekers kregen nog steeds geen specifieke instructies over corona: "Wij zitten nochtans in de vuurlinie"" (in Dutch). Het Nieuwsblad. 2 March 2020.
  39. ^ "Zes nieuwe besmettingen met het coronavirus in België" (in Dutch). VRTnws. 3 March 2020.
  40. ^ "Man uit Sint-Niklaas heeft geen idee hoe hij coronavirus opliep: "Op reis liep ik zelfs vaak met sjaal rond mijn mond"" (in Dutch). Het Laatste Nieuws. 3 March 2020.
  41. ^ "Vijftiende geval van coronavirus in ons land bevestigd – Spanje meldt eerste dode" (in Dutch). Het Laatste Nieuws. 3 March 2020.
  42. ^ "Dit weten we over de tien nieuwe coronabesmettingen in ons land" (in Dutch). Het Laatste Nieuws. 4 March 2020.
  43. ^ "Vijftiende Belgische coronapatiënt met longontsteking overgebracht naar referentieziekenhuis" (in Dutch). De Standaard. 3 March 2020.
  44. ^ "Coronapatiënt Eupen zadelt zorgverleners op met quarantaine" (in Dutch). MEDI-SFEER. 3 March 2020.
  45. ^ "Expert Volksgezondheid tempert paniek: "Worstcasescenario vergelijkbaar met zware seizoensgriep"" (in Dutch). Het Laatste Nieuws. 3 March 2020.
  46. ^ "Virus stoppen niet meer aan de orde" (in Dutch). De Standaard. 16 March 2020.
  47. ^ "10 nieuwe gevallen van coronavirus in ons land, in totaal nu 23 patiënten" (in Dutch). VRTnws. 4 March 2020.
  48. ^ "Coronavirus duikt op in drie Leuvense scholen" (in Dutch). www.robtv.be. 4 March 2020.
  49. ^ "Leerling Kindsheid Jesu in Hasselt test positief op corona: "Ze is na de vakantie niet in school geweest"" (in Dutch). VRT. 4 March 2020.
  50. ^ "Lerares van college uit Pelt is besmet met coronavirus" (in Dutch). TV Limburg. 4 March 2020.
  51. ^ "Gezin en liefjes van kinderen keren alle acht besmet terug van skireis: nu twee weken samen uitzieken in quarantaine" (in Dutch). Het Nieuwsblad. 4 March 2020.
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allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F946151202