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'''Lake metabolism''' represents the [[Lake ecosystem|lake ecosystem's]] balance between [[carbon fixation]] ([[Primary production|gross primary production]]) and biological carbon oxidation ([[ecosystem respiration]])<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Winslow|first=Luke A.|last2=Zwart|first2=Jacob A.|last3=Batt|first3=Ryan D.|last4=Dugan|first4=Hilary A.|last5=Woolway|first5=R. Iestyn|last6=Corman|first6=Jessica R.|last7=Hanson|first7=Paul C.|last8=Read|first8=Jordan S.|date=2016-01|title=LakeMetabolizer: an R package for estimating lake metabolism from free-water oxygen using diverse statistical models|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/IW-6.4.883|journal=Inland Waters|language=en|volume=6|issue=4|pages=622–636|doi=10.1080/iw-6.4.883|issn=2044-2041}}</ref>. Lake metabolism includes the carbon fixation and oxidation from all [[organism]] within the [[lake]], from [[bacteria]] to [[Fish|fishes]].
'''Lake metabolism''' represents the [[Lake ecosystem|lake ecosystem's]] balance between [[carbon fixation]] ([[Primary production|gross primary production]]) and biological carbon oxidation ([[ecosystem respiration]])<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Winslow|first=Luke A.|last2=Zwart|first2=Jacob A.|last3=Batt|first3=Ryan D.|last4=Dugan|first4=Hilary A.|last5=Woolway|first5=R. Iestyn|last6=Corman|first6=Jessica R.|last7=Hanson|first7=Paul C.|last8=Read|first8=Jordan S.|date=January 2016|title=LakeMetabolizer: an R package for estimating lake metabolism from free-water oxygen using diverse statistical models|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/IW-6.4.883|journal=Inland Waters|language=en|volume=6|issue=4|pages=622–636|doi=10.1080/iw-6.4.883|issn=2044-2041}}</ref>. Lake metabolism includes the carbon fixation and oxidation from all [[organism]] within the [[lake]], from [[bacteria]] to [[Fish|fishes]].


== Concept ==
== Concept ==
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=== Free-water dissolved oxygen ===
=== Free-water dissolved oxygen ===
The free-water dissolved oxygen technique for estimating lake metabolism was first introduced in the 1950's<ref>{{Cite journal|last=ODUM|first=HOWARD T.|date=1956-04|title=Primary Production in Flowing Waters1|url=https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.1956.1.2.0102|journal=Limnology and Oceanography|language=en|volume=1|issue=2|pages=102–117|doi=10.4319/lo.1956.1.2.0102|issn=0024-3590}}</ref>, but was not widely used until the advancement of automated sensor technology<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cole|first=Jonathan J.|last2=Pace|first2=Michael L.|last3=Carpenter|first3=Stephen R.|last4=Kitchell|first4=James F.|date=2000-12|title=Persistence of net heterotrophy in lakes during nutrient addition and food web manipulations|url=https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.2000.45.8.1718|journal=Limnology and Oceanography|language=en|volume=45|issue=8|pages=1718–1730|doi=10.4319/lo.2000.45.8.1718|issn=0024-3590}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2012-02-01|title=Staying afloat in the sensor data deluge|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534711003326|journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution|language=en|volume=27|issue=2|pages=121–129|doi=10.1016/j.tree.2011.11.009|issn=0169-5347}}</ref>. Automated sensor technology enables measurement of dissolved oxygen during periods that are hard to measure manually such as during storms.
The free-water dissolved oxygen technique for estimating lake metabolism was first introduced in the 1950's<ref>{{Cite journal|last=ODUM|first=HOWARD T.|date=April 1956|title=Primary Production in Flowing Waters1|url=https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.1956.1.2.0102|journal=Limnology and Oceanography|language=en|volume=1|issue=2|pages=102–117|doi=10.4319/lo.1956.1.2.0102|issn=0024-3590}}</ref>, but was not widely used until the advancement of automated sensor technology<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cole|first=Jonathan J.|last2=Pace|first2=Michael L.|last3=Carpenter|first3=Stephen R.|last4=Kitchell|first4=James F.|date=December 2000|title=Persistence of net heterotrophy in lakes during nutrient addition and food web manipulations|url=https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.2000.45.8.1718|journal=Limnology and Oceanography|language=en|volume=45|issue=8|pages=1718–1730|doi=10.4319/lo.2000.45.8.1718|issn=0024-3590}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2012-02-01|title=Staying afloat in the sensor data deluge|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534711003326|journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution|language=en|volume=27|issue=2|pages=121–129|doi=10.1016/j.tree.2011.11.009|issn=0169-5347}}</ref>. Automated sensor technology enables measurement of dissolved oxygen during periods that are hard to measure manually such as during storms.


== See also ==
== See also ==
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== References ==
== References ==
<references />
<references />

{{uncategorised|date=November 2018}}

Revision as of 12:24, 27 November 2018

Lake metabolism represents the lake ecosystem's balance between carbon fixation (gross primary production) and biological carbon oxidation (ecosystem respiration)[1]. Lake metabolism includes the carbon fixation and oxidation from all organism within the lake, from bacteria to fishes.

Concept

Estimates of lake metabolism rely on the measurement of dissolved oxygen. Oxygen is produced through carbon fixation and consumed through carbon oxidation.

Photosynthesis:

Respiration:

Carbon fixation and biological oxygen production only occurs in the presence of light, while the consumption of oxygen occurs in both the presence and absence of light. Lake metabolism includes:

  • GPP - gross photosynthesis
  • R - total respiration
  • - heterotrophic respiration
  • - autotrophic respiration
  • NEP - net ecosystem production = GPP - R
  • NPP - net primary production = GPP -

Measurement techniques

Free-water dissolved oxygen

The free-water dissolved oxygen technique for estimating lake metabolism was first introduced in the 1950's[2], but was not widely used until the advancement of automated sensor technology[3][4]. Automated sensor technology enables measurement of dissolved oxygen during periods that are hard to measure manually such as during storms.

See also

References

  1. ^ Winslow, Luke A.; Zwart, Jacob A.; Batt, Ryan D.; Dugan, Hilary A.; Woolway, R. Iestyn; Corman, Jessica R.; Hanson, Paul C.; Read, Jordan S. (January 2016). "LakeMetabolizer: an R package for estimating lake metabolism from free-water oxygen using diverse statistical models". Inland Waters. 6 (4): 622–636. doi:10.1080/iw-6.4.883. ISSN 2044-2041.
  2. ^ ODUM, HOWARD T. (April 1956). "Primary Production in Flowing Waters1". Limnology and Oceanography. 1 (2): 102–117. doi:10.4319/lo.1956.1.2.0102. ISSN 0024-3590.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ Cole, Jonathan J.; Pace, Michael L.; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Kitchell, James F. (December 2000). "Persistence of net heterotrophy in lakes during nutrient addition and food web manipulations". Limnology and Oceanography. 45 (8): 1718–1730. doi:10.4319/lo.2000.45.8.1718. ISSN 0024-3590.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ "Staying afloat in the sensor data deluge". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 27 (2): 121–129. 2012-02-01. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.11.009. ISSN 0169-5347.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F870856029