As of 8 January 2025, over 47,000 people – 45,936 Palestinian^[3] and 1,706 Israeli^[a] – have been reported killed in the Gaza war, as well as 166 journalists and media workers,^[b] 120 academics,^[26] and over 224 humanitarian aid workers, a number that includes 179 employees of UNRWA.^[27] Scholars have estimated 80% of Palestinians killed are civilians,^{[5][4][6][28]} while a study by OCHR, that verified fatalities from three independent sources, found that 70% of Palestinians killed were women and children.^[29]

The majority of casualties have been in the Gaza Strip. The Gaza Health Ministry (GHM) total casualty count is the number of deaths directly caused by the war. The demographic breakdown is a subset of those individually identified.^[30][31] On 17 September 2024, the GHM published the names, gender and birth date of 34,344 individual Palestinians whose identities were confirmed and continues to attempt to identify all casualties.^[30] The GHM count does not include those who have died from "preventable disease, malnutrition and other consequences of the war".^[32] An analysis by the Gaza Health Projections Working Group predicted thousands of excess deaths from disease and birth complications.^[33] A January 2025 analysis in The Lancet estimated that the number of Gazans directly killed was 70% higher than that reported by the GHM.^[34][35] A survey by PCPSR reported showed over 60% of Gazans have lost family members since the war began.^[36][37] Indirect deaths^[c][39] are likely to be multiple times higher.^[40][41] Thousands of more dead bodies are thought to be under the rubble of destroyed buildings.^[42][43] The number of injured is greater than 100,000;^[44] Gaza has the most amputated children per capita in the world.^[45]

The 7 October attacks on Israel killed 1,195 people, including 815 civilians.^[1] A further 806 Palestinians have been killed in the occupied West Bank (including East Jerusalem).^[46] Casualties have also occurred in other parts of Israel, as well as in southern Lebanon,^[47] Syria,^[48] Yemen,^[49] and Iran.^[50]