Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region on the coast of the Black Sea. It is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and West Asia, and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia; to the west by the Black Sea, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Georgia covers an area of 69,700 square kilometres (26,900 sq mi). It has a population of 3.9 million, of which over a third live in Tbilisi, the capital and largest city. Georgians, who are native to the region and constitute the majority of the population, are ethno-linguistically distinct from all of their neighboring nations and primarily speak Georgian, a Kartvelian language that has no relation to any other language family in the world.
From the 16th to 18th centuries, these two kingdoms were under Iranian suzerainty because of the spheres of influence created in the region by the Peace of Amasya and mutually agreed with the Ottoman Empire. However, following the death of Nader Shah, local Georgian monarchs Heraclius II and Teimuraz II took advantage of the resulting chaos and obtained de facto independence. Heraclius subsequently united the two smaller kingdoms into one. (Full article...)
The riots started as an Abkhaz protest against opening of a branch of Tbilisi State University in Sukhumi, and concluded with looting of the Georgian school which was expected to house the new university on 16 July 1989. The ensuing violence quickly degenerated into a large-scale inter-ethnic confrontation. By the time when the Soviet army managed to temporarily bring the situation under control, the riots resulted in at least 18 dead and 448 injured, mostly Georgians. The first case of inter-ethnic violence in Georgia, it effectively marked the start of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict. (Full article...)
Image 61A medieval illustration of the Georgian king George IV Lasha waging war against the Mongols in 1220. King George is shown in blue garment on a white horse holding a whip. A depiction from La Flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient by Hayton of Corycus. (from History of Georgia (country))
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Princess Ekaterine resisted Turkish encroachment in Western Georgia. (from History of Georgia (country))
George III as depicted on a medieval fresco from Vardzia (from History of Georgia (country))
Bedia Cup of King Bagrat III of Georgia, 999 AD (from History of Georgia (country))
Bachkovo Monastery in Bulgaria was one of the centers of Georgian scholarship in the Balkans (from History of Georgia (country))
A plate of khinkali (from Georgian cuisine)
King Mirian III established Christianity in Georgia as the official state religion in 324. (from History of Georgia (country))
Adjarian khachapuri. (from Georgian cuisine)
King Erekle II (from History of Georgia (country))
Leaders of Georgian independence movement in late 1980s, Zviad Gamsakhurdia (left) and Merab Kostava (right) (from History of Georgia (country))
Georgian cuisine collage (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Muraba made from walnut (from Georgian cuisine)
Chakapuli (from Georgian cuisine)
Georgian parade armour with golden plates (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Lobio (from Georgian cuisine)
Photos of the 9 April 1989 Massacre victims (mostly young women) on billboard in Tbilisi (from History of Georgia (country))
Frescoes from the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, an example of Georgian medieval art depicting ships and monsters at sea. (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Ajapsandali (from Georgian cuisine)
Kingdom of Diauehi. (from History of Georgia (country))
Ceremonial crown of the Georgian high nobility, an example of metalwork from the early modern period (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Sandro Akhmeteli, a leading Georgian theater director. (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Titsian Tabidze, a Georgian poet persecuted by the Soviet authorities (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Red Army in Tbilisi (from History of Georgia (country))
Chashushuli with bread and salad (from Georgian cuisine)
Members of the National Council of Georgia, after declaring independence of Georgia, Tbilisi May 26, 1918 (from History of Georgia (country))
Details from Pirosmani's paintings Threshing and Fisherman in a Red Shirt on the 5 lari banknote of the 2017 series. (from Niko Pirosmani)
King David the Builder, one of Georgia's greatest kings. (from History of Georgia (country))
The construction of Svetitskhoveli Cathedral in Mtskheta, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was initiated in the 1020s by George I. (from History of Georgia (country))
Nino Ananiashvili (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Akaki Tsereteli, prominent Georgian poet and national liberation movement figure. (from History of Georgia (country))
Jason Kereselidze, a National Hero of Georgia, one of many Georgians executed by the Soviets (from History of Georgia (country))
Queen Tamar and her father King George III, fresco from Vardzia. (from History of Georgia (country))
Kharcho (from Georgian cuisine)
Coronation of Demetrius I, a fresco from Matskhvarishi, 1140 (from History of Georgia (country))
Niko Pirosmani on a Georgian lari banknote of the 2002 series. (from Niko Pirosmani)
Eduard Shevardnadze, second President of Georgia (1995–2003) (from History of Georgia (country))
Spinach pkhali (from Georgian cuisine)
Dambalkhacho cheese. (from Georgian cuisine)
President Zourabichvili (from History of Georgia (country))
British troops marching in Batumi, Georgia in 1920. Following World War I, Britain replaced German troops in Georgia (from History of Georgia (country))
Kingdom of Lazica. (from History of Georgia (country))
Ilia Chavchavadze, leader of the Georgian national revival in the 1860s. (from History of Georgia (country))
19th century Georgian noble family: General Solomon Makashvili and family around 1900 (from History of Georgia (country))
Mikheil Saakashvili with George W. Bush. (from History of Georgia (country))
Churchkhela (from Georgian cuisine)
A Tatar Fruiterer, 1910, Georgian National Museum (from Niko Pirosmani)
2nd century BC bronze torso from Western Georgia, displayed at the Georgian National Museum (from Culture of Georgia (country))
A page from a 12th-century Gelati Gospel, an example of Georgian illuminated manuscripts from the Middle Ages (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Leek with walnut paste (from Georgian cuisine)
Wall Painting in Georgia's ancient monastery, Shio-Mghvime (from Culture of Georgia (country))
The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline project (from History of Georgia (country))
A miniature from the 1824 manuscript of Amiran-Darejaniani copied by David Tumanov (H-384, National Center of Manuscripts). (from Culture of Georgia (country))
A medieval illustration of the Georgian king George IV Lasha waging war against the Mongols in 1220. King George is shown in blue garment on a white horse holding a whip. A depiction from La Flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient by Hayton of Corycus. (from History of Georgia (country))
Location of Georgia (including Abkhazia and South Ossetia) and the Russian part of North Caucasus. (from History of Georgia (country))
Monastery of Iviron, one of several monastic centers founded abroad by Georgians of the Early Middle Ages. (from History of Georgia (country))
Lisa Batiashvili, leading Georgian violinist of her generation. (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Writer and publicist Grigol Robakidze (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Patera depicting Marcus Aurelius uncovered in central Georgia, 2nd century AD. (from History of Georgia (country))
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