Actinomycetoma

Actinomycetoma
HIV patient with actinomycetoma before treatment
SpecialtyDermatology, Infectious diseases

Actinomycetoma is a chronic bacterial subcutaneous infection caused by aerobic actinomycetes that affect the skin and connective tissue .[1] Its clinical features are firm tumefaction of the affected site and the presence of abscesses, nodules, and sinuses that drain a seropurulent exudate containing granules characteristic of the disease, formed by the causative agent and defensive response cells of the host. The disease is caused by inoculation of the infectious agent through minor trauma in susceptible individuals.[2]

Actinomycetoma is caused by members of the order Actinomycetales, particularly Nocardia brasiliensis, Actinomadura madurae, Streptomyces somaliensis, and Actinomadura pelletieri.[2][3][4] However, some cases have also been reported due to Actinomadura latina and other Nocardia species such as: Nocardia aobensis, Nocardia farcinica, Nocardia harenae, Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, Nocardia mexicana, Nocardia transvalensis, Nocardia veterana, Nocardiopsis yamanashiensis, and Nocardia dassonvillei[2][3][4] and other actinobacteria such as Cellulosimicrobium cellulans.[5]

It is, therefore, a form of actinomycosis.[6] Mycetoma is a broad term which includes actinomycetoma and eumycetoma under it. However, eumycetoma is caused by fungal infection in contrast to actinomycetoma that is caused by mostly aerobic bacteria.

References

  1. ^ Viguier, Manuelle; Lafaurie, Matthieu (15 January 2015). "Actinomycetoma". New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (3): 264. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm1316013. PMID 25587950.
  2. ^ a b c Welsh, Oliverio; Vera-Cabrera, Lucio; Welsh, Esperanza; Salinas, Mario Cesar (July 2012). "Actinomycetoma and advances in its treatment". Clinics in Dermatology. 30 (4): 372–381. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027. PMID 22682184.
  3. ^ a b Vongphoumy, Inthanomchanh; Dance, David A. B.; Dittrich, Sabine; Logan, Julie; Davong, Viengmon; Rattanavong, Sayaphet; Blessmann, Joerg (2015-04-16). Vinetz, Joseph M. (ed.). "Case Report: Actinomycetoma Caused by Nocardia aobensis from Lao PDR with Favourable Outcome after Short-Term Antibiotic Treatment". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 9 (4) e0003729. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003729. ISSN 1935-2735. PMC 4400045. PMID 25879445.
  4. ^ a b Nenoff, P.; van de Sande, W.W.J.; Fahal, A.H.; Reinel, D.; Schöfer, H. (October 2015). "Eumycetoma and actinomycetoma – an update on causative agents, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 29 (10): 1873–1883. doi:10.1111/jdv.13008. ISSN 0926-9959. PMID 25726758.
  5. ^ Colom, María Francisca; Ferrer, Consuelo; Ekai, John Lochuke; Ferrández, David; Ramírez, Laura; Gómez-Sánchez, Noelia; Leting, Simion; Hernández, Carmen (2023-08-14). Nosanchuk, Joshua (ed.). "First report on mycetoma in Turkana County—North-western Kenya". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 17 (8) e0011327. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011327. ISSN 1935-2735. PMC 10449206. PMID 37578968.
  6. ^ Arenas, Roberto; Fernandez Martinez, Ramón F.; Torres-Guerrero, Edoardo; Garcia, Carlos (2017). "Actinomycetoma: an update on diagnosis and treatment". Cutis. 99 (2): –11–E15. ISSN 2326-6929. PMID 28319638.


allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinomycetoma