Mohammad Yaqub Khan
| Mohammad Yaqub Khan محمد يعقوب خان | |
|---|---|
| Sardar[a] Commander of the Faithful[b] The Sword-Wielding Lion-Slaying Emir[c] | |
 Portrait by
John Burke, 1879 | |
| Emir of Afghanistan | |
| Reign | 21 February 1879 – 12 October 1879 |
| Coronation | None |
| Predecessor | Sher Ali Khan |
| Successor | Mohammad Ayub Khan |
| Born | 1849 Citadel of Ghazni, Ghazni, Emirate of Kabul |
| Died | 15 November 1923 (aged 73–74) Shimla, India |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | 16 sons and 13 daughters
|
| Dynasty | Barakzai dynasty |
| Father | Sher Ali Khan |
| Mother | Maryam Begum |
Mohammad Yaqub Khan Barakzai[d] (1849[1] – 15 November 1923) was Emir of Afghanistan from 21 February to 12 October 1879. He was a Pashtun and the son of the previous ruler, Sher Ali Khan.
Mohammad Yaqub Khan was appointed as the governor of Herat province in 1863.[2] In 1870, he decided to rebel against his father but failed and was imprisoned in 1874.
The Second Anglo-Afghan War erupted in 1878, leading Sher Ali Khan to flee the capital of Afghanistan, and eventually die in February 1879 in the north of the country. As Sher Ali's successor, Yaqub signed the Treaty of Gandamak with Britain in May 1879, relinquishing sole control of Afghanistan foreign affairs to the British Empire. An uprising against this agreement led by Ayub Khan in October of the same year, led to the abdication of Yaqub Khan.[3] He was succeeded by the new ruler, Amir Ayub Khan.
Treaty of Gandamak
During the Second Anglo-Afghan War, the British defeated the Amir Sher Ali's forces, wintered in Jalalabad, waiting for the new Amir Yakub Khan to accept their terms and conditions. One of the key figures in the negotiations was Pierre Louis Napoleon Cavagnari, who served with the East India Army in the 1st Bengal Fusiliers and then transferred into political service, becoming Deputy Commissioner at Peshawar, and was appointed as envoy by the Viceroy Lord Lytton in the 1878 mission to Kabul which the Afghans refused to let proceed. This refusal was one of a series of events which led to the Second Afghan War.
In May 1879, Yakub Khan travelled to Gandamak, a village just outside Jalalabad and entered into negotiations with Cavagnari as a result of which the Treaty of Gandamak was signed whereby the Amir ceded territories to the British and accepted a British envoy in Kabul. Cavagnari took up the post of British Resident in Kabul in July 1879. He was known to be reckless and arrogant rather than discreet and his role as envoy was viewed as injudicious even by some of the British. The situation in Kabul was tense and eventually some Afghan troops who had not been paid by the Amir rebelled and attacked the Residency, killing Cavagnari and his mission in September 1879. The war was far from over despite the treaty and British troops were recalled over the mountains to occupy Kabul, secure it and launch punitive action against the Afghans. Yakub Khan abdicated, taking refuge in the British camp and was subsequently sent to India in December.[3]
In popular culture
Mohammed Yaqub Khan appears in M.M. Kaye's 1978 novel The Far Pavilions. The novel was adapted by a 1984 mini-series, in which Atul Tandon portrayed Khan.
Notable Quotes
I would rather work as your servant, cut grass and tend your garden than be the ruler of Afghanistan.[4] – Yaqub Khan, to a British viceroy in the 19th century.
See also
Notes
- ^ Persian: سردار, romanized: Sardār [säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]
- ^ Arabic: أمير المؤمنين, romanized: ʾAmīr al-Muʾminīn [ʔa.miːr‿ul.muʔ.mi.niːn]
- ^ Persian: امیر شیرگیر با شمشیر, romanized: Amīr Shēr-gīr bā shamshēr [ʔä.míːɾ ʃeːɾ.gíːɾ bɑː ʃäm.ʃéːɾ]
- ^
- Pashto: محمد يعقوب خان بارکزی, romanized: Muhammad Ya'qub Xān Bārakzai [mu.wa.mad̪ jɑ.kub xɑn bɑ.ɾak.zaɪ, mu.ham.mad̪ jɑ.qub xɑn bɑ.ɾak.zaɪ]
- Persian: محمد يعقوب خان بارکزی, romanized: Mohammad Ya'qūb Khān Bārakzay [mʊ.wäm.mád̪ jɑː.qúːb xɑːn bɑː.ɾäk.záj, mo̞.ɦäm.mád̪ jäʔ.qúːb xɑːn bɑː.ɾäk.záj]
References
- ^ McChesney, Robert; Khorrami, Mohammad Mehdi (2012-12-19). The History of Afghanistan (6 vol. set): Fayż Muḥammad Kātib Hazārah's Sirāj al-tawārīkh. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-23498-7.
- ^ Adamec, Ludwig W. (1975). Historical and Political Who's who of Afghanistan. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt. p. 220. ISBN 9783201009218.
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 898.
- ^ Raofi, Wahab (November 25, 2007), The Orange Grove: Peace plan for Afghanistan, Orange County Register
External links
 Hotak Empire | |
|---|---|
 Durrani Empire | |
 Barakzai Emirate | |
 Barakzai Kingdom | |
 Saqqawist Emirate (unrecognized) | |
| Barakzai Kingdom (restored) | |
| |