Tren Suburbano

Not to be confused with Tren Urbano.
For the Monterrey project, see Tren Suburbano de Monterrey.

Tren Suburbano
Buenavista Station
Buenavista Station
Overview
LocaleMexico City and State of Mexico, Mexico
Transit typeSuburban rail
Number of lines1
Number of stations7
Daily ridership200,000 (2018)[1]
HeadquartersMexico City
WebsiteFerrocarriles Suburbanos
Operation
Began operationJune 2, 2008[2]
Operator(s)Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, S.A. de C.V.
Reporting marksS
Technical
System length27 km (16.78 mi)[3]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Electrification25 kV 60 Hz AC overhead lines[4]
System map
Map Line 1 route highlighted in gray
Legend
AIFA branch
AIFA branch
AIFA Airport
Jaltocan
Nextlalpan
Prados Sur
Teyahualco
Los Agaves
Cueyamil
Cuautitlán
Tultitlán
Lechería
San Rafael
Tlalnepantla
Mexico
Mexico City
 Fortuna
Mexico City Metro Line 6
 Buenavista
Mexico City Metro Line B

The Tren Suburbano (lit. transl. Suburban Train)[a] is an electric suburban rail system in Mexico City. Line 1 is operated by Ferrocarriles Suburbanos with concessioned trains from Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF). It was designed to complement the extensive Mexico City metro system, Latin America's largest and busiest urban rail network. The railway has one operative line with a length of 27 km (17 mi) with seven stations, located in Cuauhtémoc and Azcapotzalco in Mexico City, and Tlalnepantla, Tultitlán and Cuautitlán, in the State of Mexico.

A second line is under construction to connect with the Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA) in Zumpango. In 2025, the concession was waived to the Secretariat of National Defense.[5]

Additional expansions were proposed in the 2000s with a total length of 242 kilometres (150 mi) of rail system.[6]

History

Background

Mexico-Querétaro electric railway

Main article: Mexico-Querétaro Electric Passenger Train

In 1978, the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation proposed the construction of the first Mexican double-track electric railway powered by overhead catenary. Based on a study prepared by the government agency, the Mexico City-Querétaro route was determined to be the most viable for electrification due to its high passenger and freight traffic, topography almost lacking gradients, and strategic location in the centre of the country.[7]

In 1979, as part of the construction works, the Mexican government included Japanese, British and French participation in the project. The locomotives used were designed and assembled by the company General Electric in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes between 1980 and 1982.[7] The locomotive model was designated General Electric E60-C2.[8]

Electric locomotive General Electric E60-C2

By 1983, the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation decided to suspend the project due to changes in route alignments and operating policies. In 1986, electrification resumed only with the participation of technical staff from the Secretariat, National Railways of Mexico, and the French company Societe Francais d'Etudes et de Realisations Ferroviaires (Sofrerail), today SYSTRA S.A.[7]

On 14 February 1994, regular services were inaugurated between Buenavista (Mexico City) and Querétaro.

In 1996, Ernesto Zedillo, President of Mexico from 1994 to 2000, removed the parastatal company National Railways of Mexico from state control, and passenger transport operations throughout the country were terminated. In the years following privatization, three passenger routes were created for tourism purposes: the Chihuahua-Pacific Railway (Chepe),[9] the Tequila Express,[10] and the Expreso Maya (without commercial operations since 25 June 2007).[11][12]

A new project: the suburban railway

Proposed suburban railway project by the federal government between 1999 and 2011

In 1997, the federal government proposed the creation of a commuter rail line on the right-of-way of the former railway to Cuernavaca. This route would be 24 kilometres long between Avenida Ejército Nacional and the Pedregal de San Nicolás neighbourhood, would connect with four lines of the Mexico City Metro, and would transport 42,000 passengers daily.[13]

In 1999, Óscar Santiago Corzo Cruz, director of the General Directorate of Tariffs, Railway and Multimodal Transport of the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation, raised the possibility of building a network of commuter rail lines on the 242 kilometres of rail network in the Valley of Mexico[14]. The network would consist of three trunk systems: from the former Buenavista railway station in Mexico City to the municipality of Cuautitlán in the State of Mexico; from Ecatepec to Naucalpan, both in the State of Mexico; and from La Paz to the Bosque de San Juan de Aragón in Mexico City. The last two itineraries would pass through Buenavista station. Each trunk system would include branches to meet demand in neighbouring municipalities: Nextlalpan, Tecamac, San Juan Teotihuacán, Texcoco, and Chalco.[15]

Corzo Cruz noted that the elevated train or Ecotren project would require the expropriation of land and the creation of new rights-of-way. The commuter rail project would not require these measures, since it would use right-of-way owned by the federal government. In addition, the suburban railway would be aimed at lower-income sectors of the population. In its first stage it would serve 465,000 passengers along 27 kilometres between Buenavista station and Cuautitlán.[15]

Vicente Fox, Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Arturo Montiel Rojas during the signing of the agreement for the construction of the suburban railway (11 June 2003)

When Vicente Fox became President of Mexico, in 2000, authorities of the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation again proposed creating a network of commuter rail lines to meet the urban transport demand of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico.[16]

In June 2001, Víctor Félix Flores Morales, general secretary of the Mexican Railway Workers Union, informed the media that the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation was conducting feasibility studies for the construction of a suburban railway in the northern zone of the Federal District. He stated that the railway would help speed up passenger transport in the area and would represent an alternative route to the Mexico City Metro. One of the terminals would be located at the former Buenavista railway terminal and the system would operate with 15 trains.[17]

After a series of discussions and agreements between the federal government and the local governments of the Federal District and the State of Mexico,[18] it was decided to build the first suburban railway system largely based on the radial trains project proposed in 1998.[19]

On 11 June 2003, at the former Buenavista railway station, President Fox attended the signing of the cooperation agreement between Pedro Cerisola y Weber, secretary of Communications and Transportation (2000–2006); Andrés Manuel López Obrador, Head of Government of the Federal District (2000–2005); and Arturo Montiel Rojas, governor of the State of Mexico (1999–2005), for the construction of the Suburban Railway Project of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico.[20][21]

On 11 December 2003, the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation published the tender for the construction of System 1 of the Buenavista–Cuautitlán Suburban Railway. The companies that entered the tender process were: Bombardier Transportation; Ferrosur, SA de CV; Alstom Transporte, SA de CV; Construcciones y Auxiliares de Ferrocarriles, SA; Grupo México, SA de CV; Elecnor, SA; Inversiones en Autotransportes Mexicanos, SA de CV; Siemens, SA de CV and Mitsui de México, S de RL de CV.[22][23][24]

Some companies formed alliances before 15 July 2004 (the deadline indicated in the tender). From these alliances, the following consortia emerged:

  • Consortium Alstom, made up of: Alstom Transporte, SA de CV (1.5%); Alstom Transport, SA (France) (11.0%); ICA-COI, SA de CV (Mexico) (12.5%); Grupo Hermes, SA de CV (Mexico) (50%); and Inverse, SA de CV (Mexico) (25.0%). System operators: RATP and/or Roggio.[22]
  • Consortium CAF, made up of: Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, SA (Spain) (50.0%); Inversiones en Concesiones Ferroviarias, SA (Spain) (30%); Estrella Blanca, SA de CV (Mexico) (20%). System operator: Adif and/or Renfe.[22]

The remaining companies withdrew their bids and, as a result, the CAF and Alstom consortia became the only finalists. On 28 June 2005, the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation announced the disqualification of the CAF consortium. The Secretariat argued that there were a series of technical uncertainties in the project presented by the Spanish consortium; moreover, the proposal had not been developed on the basis of the tender requirements. As a result, the Alstom consortium became the virtual winner of the tender. Luis Giralt, representative of CAF, challenged the disqualification, and on 4 July 2005 the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation decided to declare the tender void. The arguments for declaring the tender void were not specific. Only a technical fault (without details) in the Alstom proposal was mentioned.[25]

On 12 July 2005, in the Official Gazette of the Federation, the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation published the new tender rules. Only the Alstom and CAF consortia responded. In this new bidding round, the Estrella Blanca group decided to leave the Spanish consortium. The Alstom consortium remained unchanged.[22][26]

Given the irregularities presented in the first tender result, deputies from the Party of the Democratic Revolution demanded that the federal government make the suburban railway tender process transparent.[27]

On 24 August 2005, the CAF consortium won the concession to supply materials, build, and operate System 1 of the suburban railway for thirty years. The CAF consortium’s economic proposal proved to be the lowest, charging, for long journeys, MXN $9.49 + VAT + inflation index and MXN $4.14 + VAT + inflation index for short journeys. Operation of System 1 would be handled by its subsidiary Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, SA de CV, and it would have 34 months to build the system.[19][26][28]

Interior of Fortuna station of System 1 during its construction (2 January 2008)
Interior of Buenavista station (18 December 2008)

After the long and controversial tender process for System 1, on 26 November 2007, Mexican journalist Jacobo Zabludovsky, in his column Bucareli in the newspaper El Universal, revealed the alleged intervention of King Juan Carlos of Spain and José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero in favor of the Spanish construction group.[29] Despite this, no denial was issued by the parties involved.[30]

With the suburban railway's inauguration approaching, authorities of the Federal District expressed dissatisfaction over delays in various complementary works (road and pedestrian bridges) and infrastructure to connect some suburban stations with other mass transport systems in Mexico City (Metrobús and the Mexico City Metro). The Secretariat of Communications and Transportation committed to deliver MXN$ 290 million to the Government of the Federal District, through an agreement signed on 2 May 2008, to carry out the corresponding mitigation works and acquire 12 buses for the Metrobús.[31]

In December 2006, SCT announced that approval had been given for a route extending 19.3 kilometres (12.0 mi) from Jardines de Morelos to Martín Carrera; and another route running 12.8 km (8.0 mi) from Chalco to La Paz.[14][32][33][34] Neither line was ever built.

The project aimed to reactivate the former railway system and improve the social well-being of residents of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico through time savings in transport, reduction of traffic congestion, environmental pollution and excessive energy consumption. It also proposed to use the 242 kilometres of existing track in the area distributed among three trunk systems and lower-density lines, with potential grade separations similar to the ones done on the initial segment. The proposed trunk systems were Buenavista-Cuautitlán-Huehuetoca, Ecatepec-Naucalpan, and San Juan de Aragón-Los Reyes. The Secretariat of Communications and Transportation contracted the National Bank of Public Works and Services (BANOBRAS) as financial agent in order to structure financing, organise tenders, conduct feasibility studies, and develop the railway system. The financing structure designed allowed the participation of private capital.[16]

Cuautitlán Station

Line 1 covers a route measuring 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Mexico City's Buenavista Station to the State of Mexico's Cuautitlán. The section, which began commercial service on June 2, 2008 (after three weeks of fare-free trial operation),[2] cost US$706 million to build, with the Mexican Federal Government contributing 55% of this investment. The inaugural demonstration trip of the service from Buenavista to Lechería Station and back again was made by then-President of Mexico, Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, and then-Governor of the State of Mexico (and eventual president of the country), Enrique Peña Nieto, with Calderón acting as the train's engineer.

Line 1 was built on an existing at-grade railroad right of way. However, inside Mexico City itself on the approach to Buenavista Station, a considerable amount of grade separation, including below-grade excavation and new bridges, was necessary due to high density and traffic congestion. The construction elicited complaints by Mexico City residents who objected to having their neighborhoods split by the rail line, but the public supported the project overall.

In addition to the track, the construction of Tren Suburbano also benefited from like-new electrification infrastructure already in place along most of the route, part of National Railways of Mexico (NdeM)'s Mexico City-Querétaro 25 kV 60 Hz mainline electrification completed in the 1990s but de-energized a few years later after NdeM was privatized.

On August 24, 2005, Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, S.A. (CAF) obtained a 30-year concession to supply rolling stock, build and operate the Tren Suburbano.[35] The trains used on this service are electric trains built by CAF and are similar to the series 2000 trains of the Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos of São Paulo, Brazil.[36]

Corporate identity

The iconography and graphic system of System 1 were developed by Alejandro Sarabia Parra, a graduate of the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, after winning first place in the Una vía para diseñar competition.[37][38]

Rolling stock

The rolling stock consists of trains known as EMU Cuautitlán-Buenavista, derived from the Renfe Class 447, with a track gauge of 1.435 m. The trains have a pantograph on the roof to receive the voltage of 25 kvolt AC supplied by means of a catenary.[39][40]

There are three types of cars in the suburban railway: driving motor car with cab (M), motor car without cab (N) and trailer car (R). They can be coupled to form 3- and 4-car trains, MRM and MRNM, respectively. In turn, trains can be coupled together up to a maximum of three units, whether MRM or MRNM, in any combination.[40]

Some significant characteristics of the trains are shown in the following table:[39][40]

EMU Cuautitlán-Buenavista
Car type M N R
Length (m) 25,900 25,485 25,485
Width (m) 3,009
Floor height (m) 1,150
Maximum speed (km/h) 130
Service speed (km/h) 65
Empty weight (kg) 47 700 46 900 46 500
Maximum capacity (seated passengers) 54 61 61
Maximum capacity (standing passengers) 271 293 364

Service

Tren Suburbano leaving Buenavista station.

Ridership

Line 1 was projected to carry 100 million passengers annually.[41] From the period of June 1, 2008 through July 7, 2008, the service carried one million passengers, or an average of approximately 30,000 passengers per day, which is a rate far below the annual projections.[42] As of January 31, 2010 according to the head of Comercialización y Administración de Riesgos del Ferrocarril Suburbano stated that Line 1 of the Suburban Railway of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area served an average of 88,000 passengers per day.[43] As of the end of 2012, ridership reached 132,000 per day, short of the 192,000 per day the private operator needed to stay solvent due to the high initial upfront cost and debt schedule. In 2012, the system ran an operational profit, but the profit was not high enough to cover accumulated debt repayment yet.[44] Ridership had increased to 184,000 per day as of 2015.[45] As of 2018, the Tren Suburbano had an average of 200,000 passengers per day.[1] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, ridership decreased 73% as of May 2020.[46]

Trains are scheduled every 6 minutes during peak hours.

Fare structure

As of 2024,[47] the fares are 10.50 pesos (approximately US$0.57) for a trip of three or fewer stations and 24.50 pesos (approximately US$1.32) for longer trips of four or more stations. Fares are paid using a rechargeable card that costs 15.00 pesos.[48]

Stations

Key to connections[b]
Transfer hub CETRAM Mexico City Metro Metro Public buses Pesero (public bus)
Ecobici Ecobici Mexico City Metrobús Metrobús RTP RTP bus
Mexibús Mexibús
No. Station[c] Date opened Level Distance (km) Connections Location
Between
stations 		Total
01 Buenavista 2 June 2008 Grade level, overground access - 0.0
Cuauhtémoc Mexico City
02 Fortuna Grade level, overground and underground access 5.25 5.25
Azcapotzalco
03 Tlalnepantla Grade level, overground access 5.12 10.37 Transfer hub Tlalnepantla Tlalnepantla State of Mexico
04 San Rafael 3.45 13.82 Transfer hub San Rafael
05 Lechería 4.22 18.04
Tultitlán
06 Tultitlán 5 January 2009 4.06 22.10 Transfer hub Tultitlán
07 Cuautitlán 3.91 26.01 Transfer hub Cuautitlán Cuautitlán

Connection with other public transport systems

Some suburban railway stations connect with other public transport systems:

Each station has a Centro de Transferencia Modal (CETRAM) where users can board various passenger bus routes.

At Fortuna and Buenavista stations there is a connection with lines 6 and B of the Mexico City Metro, respectively. To board the metro it is necessary to buy a paper ticket or a smart card specific to that system.

At Lechería station there is a connection with line 2 of the Mexibus at the station of the same name. To use this transport it is necessary to purchase the system’s own card.

Lines 1, 3 and 4 of the Metrobús service connect at Buenavista station. To access this service it is necessary to purchase a smart card called the Movilidad Integrada electronic card, which also allows entry to the Metro, RTP and Cablebús of Mexico City.[55]

EMU in the platform area of Cuautitlán station (10 January 2009)

Expansions

Felipe Ángeles International Airport–Lechería

Train at AIFA Station.

A branch route toward the Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA) in Zumpango is expected to be inaugurated in 2026 after delays in construction.[56][57] The line follows the route of a previously proposed branch from Lechería to Jaltocan, and it will pass through the municipalities of Tultitlán, Tultepec, Nextlalpan and Zumpango.[58]

No. Station[d] Level Connection Location
08 Cueyamil Grade level, overground access Transfer hub Cueyamil Tultitlán
09 Los Agaves
10 Teyahualco Transfer hub Teyahualco Tultepec
11 Prados Sur Transfer hub Prados Sur Tultitlán
12 Nextlalpan Nextlalpan
13 Jaltocan Transfer hub Jaltocan
14 AIFA Underground level, grade access
Zumpango

Felipe Ángeles International Airport–Pachuca

On 8 October 2024, the president of Mexico, Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo, led the start of preliminary works for the construction of the Mexico City–Pachuca railway in Tizayuca, Hidalgo. This project will connect the state of Hidalgo with the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico. Specifically, this section of the railway will connect with the station located at Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA) and will have a length of 64 kilometres for an estimated investment of 44,367 million Mexican pesos. It is expected to benefit 100,000 residents and reduce travel time between Felipe Ángeles International Airport and Pachuca to 25 minutes. In addition, 3.5% of the budget will be allocated to environmental restoration in the area. The railway will use electric trains and is expected to begin operations in the first quarter of 2027.[59]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Official name: Ferrocarril Suburbano de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (Suburban Railway of the Valley of Mexico Metropolitan Area).
  2. ^ The following list was adapted from different websites and official maps.
  3. ^ All the stations are fully accessible to people with disabilities.
  4. ^ Proposed names. All the stations will be fully accessible.

References

  1. ^ a b Juárez, Pilar (December 7, 2018). "Tren Suburbano alcanza viabilidad financiera". Milenio (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Alcanza Tren Suburbano 200 mil usuarios diarios". Railway Gazette International. December 6, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  3. ^ "Suburbano La vía rápida al bienestar" [Suburban the fast way to well-being] (PDF) (in Spanish). Ferrocarriles Suburbanos [Suburban Railways]. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  4. ^ "Espacio del Viajero: Conoce los Trenes" (in Spanish). Mexico City: Ferrocarriles Suburbanos. Retrieved May 24, 2011. Alimentación (Vcc. catenaria): 25000, 60 Hz
  5. ^ Munguía, Aldo (March 18, 2025). "'Se baja' concesionario del Tren AIFA: Ferrocarriles Suburbanos declina y el Ejército se hará cargo". El Financiero (in Spanish). Retrieved March 29, 2025.
  6. ^ "Dirección General de Transporte Ferroviario y Multimodal: Caracteristicas". Archived from the original on August 4, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
  7. ^ a b c Delgado, Javier; Ramírez Velázquez, Blanca Rebeca (1998). Ciudad-región y transporte en el México Central: Un largo camino de rupturas y continuidades (Colección Ciudad y Región) [City-Region and Transport in Central Mexico: A Long Road of Breaks and Continuities] (in Spanish). México: Plaza y Valdés Editores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. pp. 142–143. ISBN 968-856-563-6.
  8. ^ Geissenheimer, Harold (March 9, 2002). "Rail Commentary Transnet #97" [Rail Commentary Transnet #97]. Alexandria, VA, United States: Free Congress Foundation (the new electric railway journal). Archived from the original on August 12, 2004. Retrieved June 4, 2008.
  9. ^ Ferrocarril Chihuahua-Pacífico (2011). "Chepe: Presentación" [Chepe: Presentation] (in Spanish). Chihuahua, México: Ferrocarril Mexicano SA de CV. Archived from the original on May 20, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2011.
  10. ^ Tequila Express (2007). "Historia del tequila express "La leyenda"" [History of the Tequila Express "The Legend"] (in Spanish). Jalisco, México: Cámara Nacional de Comercio, Servicios y Turismo de Guadalajara. Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved February 27, 2008.
  11. ^ Expreso Maya (2007). "¿Quién es Expreso Maya?" [Who is Expreso Maya?] (in Spanish). Yucatán, México: Expreso Maya. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved February 27, 2008.
  12. ^ Railway Gazette International (2007). "Central America going nowhere" [Central America going nowhere]. London, UK: DVV Media UK. Retrieved August 12, 2011.
  13. ^ Majoral Moliné, Roser (2007). "Planeación del transporte a gestión fragmentada de la movilidad en la Ciudad de México?" [From transport planning to fragmented management of mobility in Mexico City?]. Territorios y sociedades: diferentes dimensiones de análisis [Territories and Societies: Different Dimensions of Analysis] (in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain: Edicions Universitat Barcelona. p. 99. ISBN 8447530973.
  14. ^ a b Correo | Economía | Funcionaría en 2007 tren suburbano
  15. ^ a b Erika Hernández (March 16, 1999). "Proponen ferrocarril suburbano: aprovecharán vías para transporte masivo" [They propose a suburban railway: tracks will be used for mass transport]. Reforma.
  16. ^ a b Del Toro Flores, Ricardo (December 4, 2006). "Ferrocarril Suburbano de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México" [Suburban Railway of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico] (in Spanish). Federal District, México: Banco Nacional de Obras y Servicios Públicos. Archived from the original on June 5, 2008. Retrieved December 1, 2007.
  17. ^ Velasco, Carlos (June 8, 2001). "Estudian un proyecto para construir tren suburbano" [A project to build a suburban train is being studied] (in Spanish). Mexico City, México: El Universal. Archived from the original on June 7, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2008.
  18. ^ Cancino, Fabiola (August 31, 2002). "Retrasa SCT obras de Tren Suburbano" [SCT delays suburban train works] (in Spanish). Federal District, México: El Universal. Archived from the original on June 6, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2008.
  19. ^ a b Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (August 24, 2005). "Valle de México: Suburban Rail System (ZMVM)" [Valley of Mexico: Suburban Rail System (ZMVM)] (PDF). Beasain (Gipuzkoa), Spain: Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, SA. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  20. ^ Cobos González, Carmen (June 11, 2003). "Proyecto del Ferrocarril Suburbano de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México" [Suburban Railway Project of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico] (in Spanish). Federal District, México: Sistema Internet de la Presidencia, México (2000-2006). Archived from the original on January 16, 2018. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  21. ^ Cobos González, Carmen (June 11, 2003). "Palabras del Presidente Fox en la Presentación del Proyecto del Ferrocarril Suburbano de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México" [Remarks by President Fox at the Presentation of the Suburban Railway Project of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico] (in Spanish). Federal District, México: Sistema Internet de la Presidencia, México (2000-2006). Archived from the original on January 16, 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
  22. ^ a b c d Transparencia Mexicana (September 12, 2005). "Informe del pacto de integridad: licitación del ferrocarril suburbano Cuautitlán-Buenavista" [Integrity pact report: tender for the Cuautitlán–Buenavista suburban railway] (PDF). Mexico City, Mexico: Transparencia Mexicana. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 22, 2007. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  23. ^ de la Rosa, Tomás (February 2004). "Despierta apetito internacional Tren Suburbano" [Suburban Train sparks international interest]. Transporte Siglo XXI-La primera revista de negocios de la industria. Archived from the original on January 8, 2005. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
  24. ^ Cruz Serrano, Noé (December 17, 2003). "Abren licitación para construir tren suburbano" [Tender opened to build suburban train]. Mexico City, Mexico: El Universal. Archived from the original on June 7, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
  25. ^ Cardoso, Víctor (June 28, 2005). "Grupo de los Hank, virtual ganador de la concesión del Tren Suburbano" [The Hank group, virtual winner of the Suburban Train concession]. Mexico City, Mexico: La Jornada. Archived from the original on March 1, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  26. ^ a b Cardoso, Víctor (July 21, 2005). "Repiten Hermes y CAF para la concesión del tren suburbano" [Hermes and CAF return for the suburban train concession] (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: La Jornada. Archived from the original on June 5, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
  27. ^ Méndez, Enrique (July 21, 2005). "Transparencia en la licitación, exigen diputados" [Transparency in the tender demanded by deputies]. Mexico City, Mexico: La Jornada. Archived from the original on June 5, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  28. ^ Cardoso, Víctor; Juan A. Zúñiga (August 25, 2005). "Para el consorcio español CAF, la concesión del tren suburbano" [The suburban train concession goes to the Spanish consortium CAF] (in Spanish). Federal District, Mexico: La Jornada. Archived from the original on February 18, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
  29. ^ Zabludovsky, Jacobo (November 26, 2007). "Bucareli-La función del rey" [Bucareli-The role of the king]. Mexico City, Mexico: El Universal. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  30. ^ Zabludovsky, Jacobo (December 24, 2007). "Bucareli-Unanimidad sospechosa" [Bucareli-Suspicious unanimity]. Mexico City, Mexico: El Universal. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  31. ^ Cuenca, Alberto (May 10, 2008). "Para mitigar molestias por Tren Suburbano GDF recibe 290 mdp" [To mitigate inconvenience from the Suburban Train, the GDF receives 290 million pesos]. Mexico City, Mexico: El Universal. Retrieved May 11, 2008.
  32. ^ Autorizan suburbano de La Paz a Chalco – El Universal – DF Archived June 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ Ferrocarriles Suburbanos – Noticias Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  34. ^ Ferrocarril Urbano Archived April 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 20, 2006. Retrieved March 3, 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  36. ^ "Frota de Trens". Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
  37. ^ Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, SA de CV (November 21, 2007). "Design icon competition winners" [Ganadores del concurso de diseño de iconos] (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, SA de CV. Archived from the original on November 28, 2007. Retrieved November 30, 2007.
  38. ^ Ingeniería y Economía del Transporte,SA-Tecnología e Investigación Ferroviaria,SA (November 25, 2008). "Commuter rail in Mexico for one hundred million passengers per year" [Cercanías en México para cien millones de viajeros al año] (PDF) (in Spanish). Spain: Ineco-Tifsa. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 1, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  39. ^ a b Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, SA de CV (2008). "Suburban rail, the fast track to wellbeing" [Suburbano, la vía rápida al bienestar] (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, SA de CV. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
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allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrocarril_Suburbano_de_la_Zona_Metropolitana_de_M%C3%A9xico