Willow River, British Columbia

Willow River, British Columbia
Community
Willow River, British Columbia is located in British Columbia
Willow River, British Columbia
Location of Willow River in British Columbia
Coordinates: 54°04′00″N 122°28′00″W / 54.06667°N 122.46667°W / 54.06667; -122.46667
CountryCanada
ProvinceBritish Columbia
Land DistrictCariboo
Regional DistrictFraser-Fort George
Geographic RegionRobson Valley
Area codes250, 778

Willow River is a community northeast of Prince George, on the northeast bank of the Willow River, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) southeast of the confluence with the Fraser River, in central British Columbia. The name derives from the many willow swamps in the river valley.[1][2] Comprising about 150 residents,[3] it has a general store/post-office, a volunteer fire department, church building and a small community hall. Street map.[4]

Transportation

A trackside signpost marks the flag stop for Via Rail's Jasper – Prince Rupert train.[5] The immediate Via Rail stops are Prince George to the southwest and Aleza Lake to the east.

History

Railways & Speculation

The river confluence, close proximity to the Salmon River, and being handy to the Giscome Portage, made it a strategic location.[6] The Cariboo, Barkerville & Willow River Railway (CB&WR) proposed linking Barkerville and Eagle (Eaglet) Lake. In its 1909 Annual Report, the Willow River Timber Co. (WRT) of Ontario highlighted the line's value in accessing the company's remote timber limits in the upper reaches of the Willow River.[7] Investing $1.5 million in timber limits, a British syndicate planned a mammoth sawmill at the river mouth.[8][9] The CB&WR never eventuated. Asset sales followed the 1922 WRT receivership.[10]

By 1912, a Victoria-based syndicate acquired Lot 788, and the GTP acquired Lot 785, which was about two miles (3.2 km) due east and across the Willow River. Lot 782 lay between.[11][12][13] That March, the Railway Commission had approved the future station location as near the centre of Lot 785.[14] The Lot 788 syndicate widely publicized a 2,500-lot subdivision called "Willow City" on the soon coming Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (GTP) and at the terminal for the proposed Pacific & Hudson Bay Railway (P&HB),[15] and additional misleading claims.[16] Although, the proposed P&HB passed no closer than 20 miles (32 km) away,[17] the locality was a possible terminus for an unlikely branch line crossing the Fraser,[18] but no track ever eventuated anywhere. Tree clearing defined the planned streets the following year.[19] Meanwhile, the GTP surveyed and subdivided its land,[20] and contracted to have the 40 acres cleared by Christmas.[12] Further lots were surveyed,[21] and cleared.[22] Warning prospective buyers not to confuse their 640-acre development with the syndicate's one three miles (4.8 km) away by rail from the planned station, the GTP began marketing their real estate.[23][24] Already owning Lot 784, bordering to the north, the GTP also purchased Lot 781, northwest of the latter, to secure an overland access to the Fraser.[13]

The syndicate renamed its parcel as "Willow River",[25] and then further described the location as "the only townsite registered as Willow River".[26] Either their acquisition of Lot 782 between the two developments[27] or legal pressure amended it to "next to the GTP townsite of Willow River".[28] The devious marketing practices created some buyer remorse among naïve faraway investors.[29] Most of the premium lots with river frontage are now merely river silt.[30] Meanwhile, the GTP weekly advertisements publicized their land as "the only one official and original GTP town of Willow River".[31] Based in South Fort George, F.W. Crawford, the BC manager of the GTP's Transcontinental Townsites Co.,[32] was also secretary-treasurer of the chamber of commerce[33] and a director of the Herald.[34] The start of World War I saw land prices tumble.[35] The syndicate lots never became more than rural and the GTP ones ultimately attained merely a hint of the significance promised by the promoters. Of the surveyed GTP town, the demand for lots evaporated.[36] Only a quarter of the land, comprising the central portion and a sliver east along Railway Ave. to slightly beyond the Upper Fraser Rd. intersection, was eventually developed,[37] but half these lots have since reverted to open spaces. (1913 map)[38]

The Prince George-Willow River sternwheeler service provided a destination for day excursions,[39] and an indispensable link until the railway service became reliable.[40]

Willow River lies at Mile 127.0, Fraser Subdivision[41][42] (about Mile 216.5 during the line's construction). The hospital, near the mouth on Hospital Creek,[43] was at Mile 217. The 17-mile (27 km) railway right-of-way contract, completed by J.M. Kullander (Collander alternate spelling) during 1912/13,[44] advanced from camps at Miles 208 and 217,[45] and encompassed Willow River, Giscome and Newlands.[46] The camp[47] received some supplies from Prince George,[48] but most came down the Fraser River.[49] A. Roy Spurr (1885–1954), later at Penny,[50][51] maintained a camp store and accommodation at this time.[52] The unprecedented low water limiting navigation on the Upper Fraser (which beached steamboats)[53] made it impossible to transport steam shovels downstream in 1912. Fortunately, the Collander contract was primarily light work through considerable muskeg.[44] During the following springtime, a large force was at work, but much of the unfinished grade was submerged.[54] In late summer, near the D.J. Carey (Siems, Carey & Co.) camp southwest of the river mouth at Mile 220, the single firing of over 200 tons of explosives demolished a solid rock hill.[55][56] The previous winter, an employee at Carey's camp, who suffered frostbite when lost, had both feet amputated at the GTP hospital.[57]

Willow River, like Shelley to its southwest, and Giscome to its east, was an original train station (1914) on the GTP[58][59] (the Canadian National Railway after nationalization). The railway bridge spans at Mile 127.8 (formerly about Mile 217.3). Although tracks were supposedly laid across this bridge on 31 December 1913,[60] the discrepancy of having reached Mile 220 the previous day[61] probably indicates that mileage references in newspapers were sometimes approximations.

In 1920, around three miles (4.8 km) to the west, a freight locomotive derailed and submerged in the Fraser River.[62]

About two miles (3.2 km) to the east, a westbound passenger train fatally struck Albert Beacham (1923–40),[63] who was likely asleep on the track. The wheels severed his head, one arm at the shoulder, one arm at the elbow, and the right foot at the ankle.[64]

Trains regularly struck straying livestock.[65] When a collision demolished a fully laden Geddes lumber truck on the old highway level crossing in 1947, the driver escaped with only concussion and fractures.[66] A decade later, Max Pious suffered fatal injuries when struck by a freight train near the settlement.[67] After passing trains had destroyed 100 head of cattle between Willow River and Aleza Lake during 1958–63, the CNR erected protective fencing.[68] Passing in front of a moving train at the crossing, after failing to stop and properly check, a school bus narrowly avoided danger.[69] In 1996, a train struck an unoccupied truck.[70]

The station, at the foot of Willow St.,[71][72] had a 700-foot freight platform.[73][74] Built in 1914, the standard-design Plan 100‐152 (Bohi's Type E)[75][76] structure was boarded up in 1969. An unidentified freight and passenger shelter, relocated from Decker Lake that year, remained into the 2000s.[77] The original building continued to be vandalized, and was demolished in 1982.[78]

Service 1914–c.1921 c.1921–c.1929 c.1930–c.1939 c.1940–c.1948 c.1949–1968 1968–1977 1977–present
[58][79][80] [81] [82] [83][84] [85][86][87][88][89][90]
[91][92][93][94][95]		 [96][97][98][99] [41][100][101][102]
[103][104][105][106]
Passenger Regular stop Regular stop Flag stop Regular stop Flag stop Flag stop
Way freight Flag stop probably Regular stop Regular stop Regular stop Regular stop Regular stop
Siding Mile No. 1922 1933 1943 1960 1965–72 1977
(Capacity Length) Cars [81] Cars [82] Cars [83] Cars [88] Cars [93][96][98] Feet [41]
Willow River 127.0 67 66 58 53 54 2,540
Other Tracks Mile No. 1920–22 1933 1942–43 1960 1965–68 1972 1977
(Capacity Length) Cars [80][81] Cars [82] [107] Cars [88] Cars [93][96] Cars [98] Feet [41]
Geddes Lumber 126.7 7
Etter & McDougall 127.0 18 At capacity/upgraded
P.S. Church 127.1 4
Outfit Spur 127.3 14 14
Northern Lumber 127.8 Unknown
Rock Pit 129.6 1,450
Rock Spur 130.0 50 47 47

Pioneer Forestry & Farming

By 1911, J.M. Wiley (Wylie alternate spelling), a Winnipeg grain operator had 50 acres of his cleared land under cultivation.[108] Tenant farmers worked the ranch,[109] which comprised Lot 780 that straddled the river mouth.[13] Fred Burden acquired an interest in this property.[110][111]

Two pioneer farmers in the area were Ralph McVoy (1864–1934),[112][79] and Charles (Charlie) T. Harvie (1879–1962)[113] (Harvey alternate spelling).[114] McVoy was also involved in railway tie contracting.[115] Retired from farming,[116] his body was discovered in the Fraser River near Shelley.[117] A coroner's jury returned an open verdict on his death from a rifle wound inflicted by a person unknown,[118] but locals suspected murder.[119] Charlie arrived about 1912, joined by his brother Fred Harvie (1876–1955)[120][121] in 1914, whose family followed the next year. Ira W. Lewis (c.1877–1955)[114] arrived in 1913. His family followed during the 1914 springtime, the McBride-Willow River segment taking three days, owing to track conditions west of Hansard. They moved to Giscome in 1916. The Harvies left around 1917 when Charlie sold his farm near the river mouth to William H. Fairis,[79][122] who became known for his fine hay, grain and vegetable crops.[123] His strawberries were popular,[124] and the potato yields prolific on his preemption.[125] Though the influenza epidemic infected his whole family, they all survived.[126] By the time the Royal Bank successfully sued him for failing to honour a promissory note,[127] he had sold his property,[128] and returned permanently to Illinois.[115]

John (1869–1943) & Eliza (1876–1948)[129][130] Golder arrived in 1914 and he practised as a veterinary surgeon. John had fulfilled this role for Foley, Welch and Stewart, having been in charge of all livestock during the railway construction. While building his practice, teamster employment supplemented his income. They retired to Vancouver in 1941.[79][131][132][133][134][135] Their children were James (c.1904–?), Marion Hastie (Maisie) (probably 1907–44),[136][137] Marguerite (Greta) (1909–?),[138][139] Edith (c.1912–1915), Winnifred (c.1914–1916),[140] and Joan. When Maisie married Walter James Henry,[141] it is unclear how long they remained. In 1984, Walter's ashes were spread on Strawberry Hill (immediately northeast of the Upper Fraser Rd. intersection).[142] Marguerite married Arthur Hensbee. In 1933, their two-year-old son drowned at Snowshoe.[143] That year, James who had served in the US Navy,[141] settled in the US.[144] Joan left with her parents,[145] later marrying John Hall.[146]

In 1915, American entrepreneur A.C. Frost built a sawmill.[147] This is likely Albert Carl Frost (1865–1941), who is often confused with Andrew Christian Frost (c.1846–1924).[148][149] The following year, when a forest fire driven by high winds threatened to destroy the town and sawmill, every available man (assisted by an additional 100 men dispatched on a special train from Prince George) successfully contained it.[150] Such fires were an ever-present danger.[151] On realizing the Willow River was unsuitable for conveying logs,[152] the never used sawmill was dismantled and moved to Giscome that December.[153]

In 1917, the Northern Lumber Co. opened a mill[154] west of the railway bridge.[155] When destroyed by fire in 1919, the lumber piles, outbuildings, boilers and engines escaped damage.[156] That year, Martin Olson purchased an interest.[157] The mill rebuilt with a 20,000-foot per shift capacity,[158] Olson acquired total ownership.[159] Enlarged to a 32,000 capacity, the mill was sold, dismantled and moved to Hansard,[160] but contractors continued to hand hew railway ties.[161][162]

Prior to enlisting in 1914, Thomas (Tom) Standing secured a homestead north of the hamlet. Marrying Jane (?–1948),[163] the couple, and infants Mary and Elizabeth, resided 1919–40. Tom grew strawberries and kept pigs, dairy cows, chickens and rabbits.[164][165] Although returning after Jane's operation and convalescence in Edmonton,[166] they relocated to Alberta permanently.[167] Mary married Morris Brooks of Giscome. Elizabeth trained as a registered nurse in Edmonton, where she worked,[168] and later married Robert E. Piquette.[169]

Harold John (Jack) (1877–1942)[170] & Emily Alice (1885–1980)[171] Brown[172] arrived in 1924. Their children were William (Buster) (see #BBrown), Ruth (see #StromFam), and Frederick Percy. Despite his tertiary education, Jack[173] performed manual work at the Giscome logging camps and then planing mill.[174][175] Instead of cows on their farm, they kept goats, and their goat cheese was renowned. They plowed with mules not horses and kept bees. They grew marrows, squash and pumpkins, rather than the usual peas and corn. Alice's knitting machine, the first in the community, produced woolen clothing for the family. She resided 56 years.[176] The boys initially hacked ties locally. Percy left to work for Bend Lumber and Penny Sawmills.[177] He enlisted, married in England, and on his discharge the couple settled in Vancouver.[178] People who met Percy from the war onward called him Fred.[179]

In 1926, Etter & McDougall opened the Willow River Lumber Co.'s 30,000-foot capacity mill,[180] near today's Laidlaw Rd.[72] Busy during the late 1920s,[181] production slumped across the industry during the early Great Depression.[182] After the mill burned to the ground in 1932,[183] the company used the Newland's mill.[184] During the late 1920s, Cooke Lumber operated a mill west of the railway bridge.[72] The brothers do not appear to be related to pioneer William F. Cooke.[185] In 1927, Steve Gaal (1903–72),[186] (brother to Andrew Gaal formerly at Shelley, later at Aleza Lake),[187] a mill employee, sustained a foot-long gash to his chest when he fell against a saw, but made a satisfactory recovery.[188] The 10,000-foot capacity sawmill relocated the following year.[189][190] Other smaller mills also operated during this era.[191]

Arthur J. (1881–1972)[192][193][187] & Margaret E. (1890–1975)[194][195] Handford settled in 1927. Arthur worked at the Etter & McDougall mill until it closed. Their children were Laura (1920–2005),[196] John (1921–94),[197][198] Mathew (1922–75),[199] M. Grace (c.1924–1927),[200] Mabel (1926–70),[201] and Kelso (1928–?). In 1942, John and Mathew enlisted.[202] Around this time, Laura married Alfred W. Strom. (see #StromFam) In 1945, Kelso suffered a serious hand injury at the mill.[203] After the war, Arthur and his three sons started Handford Sawmills in Ferndale, where they all relocated.[204]

The narrow strip of accessible spruce forest bordering the railway that stretched some 100 miles (160 km) east of Prince George was known as the East Line.[205]

Retail Commerce

William (Billy) (1877–1966)[206] & A. Gestina (1886–1963)[207][208] Gair, who were poultry farmers[79] residing 1913–20, ran a boarding house and later a store.[209] Their children were William (1909–89),[210] George (1911–98),[211] Louis (1913–98),[212][213] A. Isabel, F. Jean,[214] Edith (c.1924–?),[215] and Becky.

The local newspaper, the Willow River Times, briefly existed.[216][217] Charles Hannan was the inaugural postmaster 1914–16. Alexander (Alex) E. Brown (1874–1962),[218] who followed 1916–19,[79][219] moved to Giscome.[122][220]

John (1881–1957) & Jane (1883–1971)[221] Newsome[79] operated a café, laundry and rooming tents at the GTP Jasper and Tête Jaune construction camps. Settling in Willow River in 1914, they continued their café and rooming business (a laundry already existed), augmented by a log-construction store on the east corner of Gwen and Willow. In 1917, John opened a new store in Giscome and later built stores in Newlands and Shelley.[222][223] He was the Willow River postmaster 1919–57,[220] a role commonly performed by a storeowner in such towns. He was likely the merchant who installed gas pumps in the early 1920s.[224] In 1938, he built the existing two-storey store on the east corner of Railway and Willow,[35][72] which included a Home Oil gas bar.[225][226]

Ruby (1916–73),[227] their only child, married[228] Harold Pennington (1909–82),[229] and the couple purchased the store in 1945,[230] but John remained as postmaster.[35] Holding the post until his death, he had received an overdue 25-year service medal the prior year.[231] Jane remained to become a 49-year resident.[232]

In 1952, the Pennington store was enlarged to over 1,200 feet and 30 new boxes added to a modernized post-office.[233] Harold was postmaster 1946, and 1957–63.[220] At this time, the town had two stores and a poolroom.[217] In 1961, Jane, the eldest Pennington daughter, married George Pacholok (1933–2000).[234][235] Two years later, when the couple took over the Pennington store, Harold & Ruby Pennington, with their daughters Judy and Jackie, moved to Prince George,[236] and Jane became postmaster 1963–66.[220] In 1966, after 52 years in the same family, a series of owners followed.[237]

John & Adeline (Adelaine?) B. (c.1879–1949)[238] Crawford built their hotel on the north corner of Railway and Willow, in Block 44[79][239] (now a children's playground). In March 1914, there were plans for two modern hotels, one of which was to be three storeys.[32] The GTP planned a 130-foot-by-130-foot hotel on the west corner at where the surveyed straight River Ave. would have intersected Willow St., in Block 47.[239][240] By April, a hotel (assumedly the Crawford) and a rooming house were under construction.[241] Prior to these ventures, on the northwest side of Willow, in Block 45 (Gwen-Reta), an establishment called the Willow Hotel sought a liquor licence.[242]

The Crawford hotel underwent extensive alterations in 1921,[243] which added an adjoining building, with the former section rented as living quarters.[244] From 1923, Adeline, not John was the proprietor.[245][246] Under the name of the Willow River Hotel, Patrick Foisy applied for a liquor licence,[247] and then as the Crawford Hotel, John H. Crawford reapplied,[248] but his name is not mentioned after 1934.[249] A grocery store[250] and barbershop operated on the premises, but a fire in 1946 razed the buildings, sparing only a warehouse to its northwest.[244] A BC Forest Service pumper crew from Giscome could only prevent the blaze from spreading to surrounding properties.[71] In 1948, work commenced on a complete rebuild of the hotel.[251] The following year, Adeline Crawford died intestate in her small store under circumstances that initially appeared suspicious.[252] The construction project never proceeded and the framing collapsed.[253] The Official Administrator disposed of her extensive rural and township real estate holdings.[254]

A two-storey residence on the corner of Railway and Coonsey had its own history. It served successively as the A.E. Brown post-office and store, private dwelling (Raines' residence for a period), community hall (opened 1925),[141] and private dwelling for Mrs. Crawford after the fire.[244] The building was moved to the main street in the mid-1930s. When torn down in 1955 by new owner John Newsome, it was one of the few remaining buildings from 1915.[255]

In various eras, Mr. Calhoon, Ralph McVoy (inside the Crawford store), and Mike Chorney operated barbershops. The latter also had a bathhouse for his lumber industry clientele.[256]

Education

Mr. Allen conducted the first school in a tent. William Walter Charles O'Neil[79] was the inaugural teacher at the first official school, a one-roomed log building opened in 1915 on the south corner of Lee and Coonsey.[257][258] Fundraising for furnishings occurred later.[259] In 1921, the building was upgraded,[260][261] but suffered some damage in a 1945 fire.[262] During the 1930s, student numbers were about 45–50.[263] The second school, which replaced it, was a two-roomed building with basement, on the east corner of Gwen and Willow,[72] where the Newsome store was formerly located.[264] Opening in 1948,[265] a further classroom was added six years later.[266] In 1957, fire damage closed the school for six weeks.[267] In 1962, a stucco exterior was added, the roof repaired and an oil-burning furnace installed.[268]

Enrolment for 1945–51 in Grades 1–8 was 30–56, 1952 in Grades 1–9 was 62, 1953–57 in Grades 1–8 was 52–67, 1958–60 in Grades 1–6 was 50–54, 1961–62 in Grades 1–7 was 57–63, 1963 in Grades 1–6 was 57, and 1964 in Grades 1–2 was 29.[269][270] For Grade 9 or above, students attended senior high school in Prince George.[271] From 1958, insufficient space meant higher elementary grades attended Giscome Superior.[272] From 1964, bussing existed to Giscome for lower grades and Prince George for high school.[273] The school closed in 1965.[274] School District 57 disposed of the surplus school site in 1984.[275] From 2010, parents petitioned for a new Willow River school to replace Giscome, which suffered structural problems, but the rebuilt facility remained at Giscome.[276]

Social & Religion

From its beginning, surrounding communities were invited to the regular social and dance evenings.[277][278] The 1918 population estimate was a 100.[79] By 1920, only nine families remained.[279] The population was 150 by 1927.[132]

In 1920, Rev. Henry Raines (1869–1957),[280][281] a church-planting Baptist preacher, arrived with daughters Bessie (see #SmithFam) and widowed Martha (Mattie) Short (1892–1973),[282] and her daughter Mary.[279] (see #SeeleyFam) Mattie Blair (1885–1974),[283] and her child Naomi (see #BBrown), accompanied them from Illinois.[284] Two years later, Henry opened a church building on the south corner of Muriel and Willow that he financed and built himself.[72][285] Formerly, Sunday services were held in the school.[286] Henry and Mattie married in 1923.[287] Although there had been a little-used cemetery north of the town, in 1938, he secured a new official site[288] near the mineral springs, west of the current highway and south of the railway tracks. These bodies were exhumed in 1969 and reburied in Prince George.[289]

Holding services in the school were the Lutherans during the 1920/30s,[290] the United Church during the 1940s,[291] and the Brethren in the 1950s.[292]

Over the years, 90 percent of the town's children passed through the Baptist Sunday school.[293] At 84, Raines still conducted some services, having never drawn a salary from the church.[294] He collaborated with the Salvation Army from Prince George,[279] who would both be involved in the Baptist services as well as hold their own in the church building during the 1940s and 1950s.[295] Renamed the Willow River Gospel Chapel,[296] the old building was too small by 1970. Fundraising,[281] volunteer labour, and using materials from the demolished community hall, the new building opened on the east corner of Muriel and Coonsey in 1972. Subsequent pastors averaged three-year terms, and a loan financed the trailer acquired for their accommodation. A Pioneer Girls club operated.[297] In 1982, the 82-member congregation paid off the $13,000 mortgage. Pastors from Village Missions served from 1969.[298] A small congregation currently exists.[299]

Of the two key women's groups in existence, the League (WRHL), formed in 1949, revolved around an evangelical Christian core, and the Ladies Auxiliary (LA), formed in 1953, followed a more conservative position. The League conducted an annual service in the church.[300] The League's weekly meetings focused upon supporting missions work and providing an opportunity to acknowledge milestones in members' lives. The group held fundraising events to benefit the disadvantaged both locally and overseas.[301] Although the women were supportive of the Salvation Army aims, only one or two were actual members of this denomination.[302] The LA also fundraised for community causes, hosted social events,[303] and supported the Scout cub activities.[304] The PTA, active for several years, was dissolved into this group, and the advantage of combined League and Auxiliary activities noted.[305]

A new community hall opened in 1949[306] on the south corner of Reta and Willow.[72] The furnace, installed almost a decade later, ameliorated wintertime use of the building.[307] Social events were held for teenagers in the hall or school.[308] In 1970, the dilapidated hall was demolished, and the population estimate of 500 seems overstated.[281][309] People had dispersed after the mills closed and the remaining residents drove to jobs in Giscome.[310] The Willow River Recreation Association (WRRA) was incorporated in 1971.[311] The school building continued to be used for social events such as dancing. In need of major maintenance, demolition became the only option.[312]

Opened in 1980, the small hall at 49 Willow St. (diagonally opposite the general store) has been generally referred to as the community or seniors' house.[313] The WRRA organized the homecoming reunion, held August 4–6, 1984, for former residents, from which the book of memories was compiled.[314] The RDFFG implemented house numbering in 1989.[315] The deeply divisive 1993 referendum to build a larger more functional community hall was narrowly defeated.[316] In 2012, the Willow River East Line Activity Centre, a combined community hall and gymnasium, was promised as a replacement for the existing 450-square-foot hall.[317] This facility was instead awarded to Giscome after the decision to rebuild the school there.[318]

Crime, Calamity & Safety Measures

In May 1913, two surveyors of the township drowned in a canoeing accident[217] on the Fraser reef below the Willow. Along the Upper Fraser River, this location, the Giscome Rapids, the Grand Canyon, and the Goat River Rapids, were extremely dangerous and believed to be the scenes of numerous drownings.[319] In July, a scow[320] loaded with 17 tons of rails and dump cars, was cut free from its moorings at Willow River and drifted downstream until it was deliberately maneuvered onto a sandbar 30 miles (48 km) north of Quesnel.[321]

During 1914–16, the jail/police barracks, on the south corner of Gwen and Willow,[72] stationed BC Provincial Police Constable Henry N. Wood (1889–1967)[322] & his bride[323] Fanny Eleanor Bulman (1888–1963).[324] After his transfer to Vanderhoof,[325] the four-roomed cottage became a residence.[326]

Albert (c.1873–1931)[327][328] and Rose (1876–1968)[329] White were residents during the 1910s. Albert was a logging foreman. Their children were Beatrice (c.1903–?),[330] C. Vernon (c.1905–?), Alberta May (c.1908–?),[331] and Emmett (1915–94).[332][333] Starting the fire with gasoline one 1915 morning, Albert caused an explosion. Rose escaped with the three older children. The Golders (see #GolderFam) rushed to help. While Eliza was rescuing baby Emmett from the burning house, John was working to save Albert's life, applying his veterinarian experience.[334]

Marif Nazarek (c.1891–1918)[335] and her newborn[140] died within days during the influenza epidemic.[334]

Murray Campbell (c.1929–1933) drowned in the Fraser opposite the Willow confluence.[336]

Three-year-old James (Jimmy) Laidlaw (1950–53)[337] drowned in the frigid waters of the Willow River.[338] In 1958, Cindy Lou McLane went missing one morning. Despite a seven-day search by thousands of volunteers and a $500 reward, the two-year-old was never found.[339] During the 1960s, Lawrence Woiken (c.1941–60) drowned while wading with friends in the river.[340] Bruce Colebank, 17, who lost a hand when playing with dynamite,[341] received a prosthetic.[342] A truck fatally injured two-year-old Jimmy Walker (1965–67).[343][344] Ralph Suvee (1946–66)[345] was posthumously awarded the Queens Commendation for Brave Conduct for his attempt to rescue a victim from a well near the Upper Fraser Road/Yellowhead intersection.[346] The family settling in 1960, his parents became longtime residents.[347]

Many people lost their possessions when their houses burned to the ground.[348][349] Despite ongoing property losses, a 1989 referendum to form a volunteer fire department failed,[350] as did the proposal for a water connection, the following year.[351] In 1994, arson was suspected in the burning of two vacant buildings.[352] By the early 1990s, a volunteer fire brigade had been formed,[353] but a fire hall was not built until 2004. Destroyed by fire four years later, it was rebuilt to facilitate the 15-member brigade.[354] While properties continued to burn to the ground, the firefighters were able to keep the blazes from spreading.[355] A 2011 referendum approved a centralized sewer and water system.[356]

In 1999, the trailer, where children and teenagers had been drugged in making child pornography, burned to the ground.[357] Crystal Dianne Henricks, in custody since her arrest 26 months earlier, was sentenced to 13 years.[358] Reduced to seven years on appeal, she was released in 2004. Her common-law husband, James Darren Bennett, who received an indeterminate sentence,[359] was denied parole in 2015.[360] Calvin James Grexton, a co-accused, received three years.[361]

Accidental rifle discharges at residences killed Ted Garth Burtnyk (1929–74)[362][363] and Kevin William Olson (1963–78).[364][365] Jennifer Doherty (1978–82) drowned in a septic tank.[366][367]

With conditions similar to 1946,[368] locals pumped out their basements when the Willow River flooded in 1997.[369]

Post-1940s Forestry Industries

During World War II, the largest producer in the British Empire of birch veneer plywood for building the "Mosquito" warplane was the Pacific Veneer Co. of New Westminster.[370] Willow River shipped numerous railway carloads of birch logs to this factory.[371] In 1943, Pacific Veneer upgraded the railway siding. The Willow River Sawmill, west of the railway bridge,[72] which had run intermittently for three years, was completely rebuilt with a new planer.[372] J. Henry Houle (1888–1983)[373][374] was lead partner in this 25,000-foot capacity mill opened in 1941.[375] Operating at capacity the prior year,[376] and governed by the Timber Control Board, the sawmill handled the strong demand for even hemlock and spruce.[377] However, the increased labour force put pressure on the housing supply.[378] In 1946, Ben McNally, the foreman, lost an arm in a mill accident.[379] Lesser injuries occurred throughout subsequent years.[380]

By 1950, Percy Church from Ferndale ran two sawmills and a planer.[381] The mills were located at Ferndale and three miles (4.8 km) north of Willow River, and the planer at the northwest end of Railway Ave.[382] A falling tree killed logger[383] Thomas (Tom) Sather (1905–51).[384] In 1954, a new dry kiln was added.[385] In 1958, the company dismantled and relocated their sawmill operations to north of Mile 98 (McGregor).[386]

During the 1940s and 1950s, the Geddes planer mill operated on the east side of the north-south section of Arnett Rd (near the Willow River hill incline on the former highway).[72][387] A 1957 fire at the McDermid & Lofting planer mill, located about three miles (4.8 km) to the south, caused $10,000 damage.[388] A number of smaller sawmills existed in the area until the early 1960s.[389]

A falling limb fatally crushed resident logger R. William (Bill) Walker (1920–71)[390] in the vicinity.[391]

Road Transport

Although the wagon road from Prince George via Six Mile (Tabor) Lake reached the west bank of the Willow in 1915,[392] the actual bridge into the township was not constructed until the 1922/23 winter.[393] It aligned with the north-south section of Arnett Rd, this being the then access route. The road to Giscome, which then aligned with Gwen Ave,[72] was not completed until 1926.[394] The regular Prince George-Willow River-Giscome motor services for freight and passengers appear short lived.[395] In 1950, the river channel was dredged to redirect spring floodwaters from the northeast bridge approach,[396] and the prior bridge was replaced by a wooden truss one (at the existing location) in 1957.[397]

Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Prince George Transit ran special buses three times a week between Prince George and McGregor,[398] which assumedly also stopped in Willow River. Near impassable in spring and fall,[399] the final seven miles (11 km) of the road from Prince George to three miles (4.8 km) beyond Willow River was finally paved in 1968.[400] The remaining section to Giscome received light paving during the 1970s. Railway and Coonsey were paved in the early 1980s.[310] Initially twice monthly,[401] then weekly, the handyDART service for seniors and the disabled discontinued in 1987.[402] The bridge, upgraded in 1992,[403] collapsed a decade later under the weight of a loaded truck-trailer.[404] Opened to limited traffic after three weeks,[405] and unrestricted traffic after five weeks,[406] the temporary single lane steel bridge remains in use. In response to damages sustained during the spring runoff, the pilings and approaches were upgraded in 2009.[407]

Electricity, Broadcast Transmissions & Communications Devices

Unless operated by the agent,[222] the early telegraph office may have relied upon automatic printing apparatus, because there was no dispatcher at this station.[80] By 1921, the railway was stringing telephone wires as far as Hutton, to connect Willow River with the outside world and mills and farms along the route.[408] By 1922, a telephone had replaced the telegraph.[81] Significant gaps, which remained into the following years,[409] prompted demands for lines separate from the railway's ones.[410] Party lines ended for Willow River in 1966, when BC Tel installed 50 direct-dial phones.[237]

The Percy Church planer mill provided electricity to the company houses,[411] while some residents installed their own generators.[412] In 1961, Jane Newsome turned on the first light when BC Hydro extended distribution lines from Tabor Lake.[413] Streetlights came in 1988, after a referendum the previous year.[414]

CKPG-TV, of Prince George, commenced with partial programming in 1961.[415] A new transmitter, installed on Mount Tabor in 1964, improved reception for Willow River and Giscome.[416]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Symons, Renee.; Sedgwick, J. Kent; Morrow, Trelle A..; Bogle, Anne Prescott (1990). Postscript '90, Commemorating 75 Years of Postal History in the Fraser-Fort George Region. Fraser-Fort George Regional Museum. p. 52.
  2. ^ Akrigg, G.P.V. & Helen B (1997). British Columbia Place Names. UBC Press. p. 296. ISBN 9780919203495.
  3. ^ "2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  4. ^ "Current map: Willow River". www.mapquest.com.
  5. ^ "Willow River flag stop". www.viarail.ca.
  6. ^ Olson 2014, p. 31.
  7. ^ Fort George Herald: 6 May 1911 & 21 Oct 1911
  8. ^ Fort George Tribune, 3 Dec 1910
  9. ^ Walski 1985, p. 1.
  10. ^ Prince George Citizen: 8 to 20 Dec 1922
  11. ^ "DL Map: Willow River" (PDF). www.rdffg.bc.ca.
  12. ^ a b Fort George Herald, 5 Oct 1912
  13. ^ a b c Fort George Tribune, 16 Nov 1912
  14. ^ Fort George Tribune: 2 & 9 Aug 1913, & 13 Sep 1913
  15. ^ Fort George Herald: 3 Aug 1912; 28 Sep 1912; & 5, 12 & 26 Oct 1912;
    "Victoria Daily Colonist, 12 Sep 1912". www.daily colonist.ca. 1912.;
    "The Salt Lake Tribune, 14 Sep 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 14 September 1912.;
    "The Daily Missoulian, 18 Sep 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 18 September 1912. p. 10.;
    "Evening Capital News, 18 Sep 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 18 September 1912. p. 8.;
    "The Daily Missoulian, 5 Oct 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 5 October 1912. p. 2.;
    "The Evening Standard, 5 Oct 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 5 October 1912. p. 8.;
    "Evening Capital News, 5 Oct 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 5 October 1912. p. 5.;
    "The Evening Standard, 9 Oct 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 9 October 1912. p. 5.
  16. ^ "Evening Capital News, 21 Sep 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 21 September 1912. p. 5.;
    "The Daily Missoulian, 21 Sep 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 21 September 1912. p. 12.;
    "Evening Capital News, 25 Sep 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 25 September 1912. p. 6.;
    "Evening Capital News, 12 Oct 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 12 October 1912.;
    "The Daily Missoulian, 12 Oct 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 12 October 1912. p. 10.;
    "The Evening Standard, 16 Oct 1912". www.chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 16 October 1912. p. 6.
  17. ^ Fort George Herald, 15 Feb 1913
  18. ^ Olson 2014, p. 33.
  19. ^ Fort George Herald, 10 May 1913
  20. ^ Fort George Herald, 10 Aug 1912
  21. ^ Fort George Herald, 23 Nov 1912
  22. ^ Fort George Herald, 22 Mar 1913
  23. ^ Fort George Herald: 5 & 12 Oct 1912
  24. ^ Morrow, Trelle A (2010). The Grand Trunk Pacific and other Fort George stuff. CNC Press. p. 29. ISBN 9780921087502.
  25. ^ Fort George Herald: 2, 9, 16, 23 & 30 Nov 1912; & 7, 14, 21 & 28 Dec 1912
  26. ^ Fort George Herald: 11, 25 Jan 1913; 1, 8, 15 & 22 Feb 1913; 22 Mar 1913; & 19 Apr 1913
  27. ^ Fort George Herald, 29 Mar 1913
  28. ^ Fort George Herald: 17 & 24 May 1913; 21 Jun 1913; & 5 & 12 Jul 1913
  29. ^ Fort George Herald, 5 Jul 1913
  30. ^ Olson 2014, p. 35.
  31. ^ Fort George Herald: 1 Feb 1913 to 31 Dec 1913
  32. ^ a b Fort George Herald, 7 Mar 1914
  33. ^ Fort George Herald, 18 Feb 1914
  34. ^ Fort George Herald, 14 May 1915
  35. ^ a b c Prince George Citizen, 8 Jan 1953
  36. ^ Prince George Post, 2 Jan 1915
  37. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 2–3 & 156–159.
  38. ^ "1913 map: Willow River". www.arcabc.ca. p. 2.
  39. ^ Prince George Citizen, 18 Mar 1980
  40. ^ Prince George Citizen, 16 Mar 1953
  41. ^ a b c d "1977 Timetable" (PDF). www.cwrailway.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-21. Retrieved 2018-09-01.
  42. ^ "Route guide" (PDF). www.viarail.ca.
  43. ^ Walski 1985, p. 27.
  44. ^ a b Fort George Herald, 20 Jul 1912
  45. ^ Fort George Herald, 17 May 1913
  46. ^ Fort George Herald, 8 Feb 1913
  47. ^ image: Prince George Citizen, 14 Nov 1966
  48. ^ Fort George Herald, 15 Jun 1912
  49. ^ Fort George Herald, 13 Jul 1912
  50. ^ "Death Certificate (Albert Roy SPURR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  51. ^ Prince George Citizen, 16 Aug 1954
  52. ^ Fort George Herald, 13 Sep 1913
  53. ^ Fort George Herald, 21 Sep 1912
  54. ^ Fort George Herald: 17 May 1913 & 14 Jun 1913
  55. ^ Fort George Herald: 17 May 1913; 9 & 30 Aug 1913; & 20 Sep 1913
  56. ^ Fort George Tribune, 13 Sep 1913
  57. ^ Fort George Herald, 25 Jan 1913
  58. ^ a b 1914 Timetable scanned
  59. ^ "c.1919 GTP map (© 1911 prior version)". www.utoronto.ca.
  60. ^ "Canadian Rail, May-June 2000" (PDF). www.exporail.org. p. 74. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-07-23. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  61. ^ Fort George Herald, 31 Dec 1913
  62. ^ Prince George Citizen, 14 May 1920
  63. ^ "Cemetery Project (Albert John BEACHAM)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  64. ^ Prince George Citizen, 8 Aug 1940
  65. ^ Prince George Citizen: 31 Dec 1942, 15 Jul 1943, 18 May 1944 & 12 May 1955
  66. ^ Prince George Citizen, 13 Mar 1947
  67. ^ Prince George Citizen: 1 & 8 Apr 1957
  68. ^ Prince George Citizen: 1 Mar 1963 & 9 Oct 1963
  69. ^ Prince George Citizen, 13 Dec 1966
  70. ^ Prince George Citizen, 14 May 1996
  71. ^ a b Prince George Citizen, 21 Nov 1946
  72. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Walski 1985, p. 4.
  73. ^ Walski 1985, p. 2.
  74. ^ Prince George Citizen, 5 Apr 1921
  75. ^ "Type "E" Mythology". www.oil-electric.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2009.
  76. ^ "Vanishing BC GTP Railway stations". www.michaelkluckner.com.
  77. ^ Bohi, Charles W.; Kozma, Leslie S (2002). Canadian National's Western Stations. Fitzhenry & Whiteside. pp. 121, 136 & 144. ISBN 1550416324.
  78. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 104 & 128.
  79. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "1918 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  80. ^ a b c 1920 Timetable: Bulkley Valley Museum collection
  81. ^ a b c d 1922 Timetable: Northern BC Archives
  82. ^ a b c 1933 Timetable: Northern BC Archives
  83. ^ a b 1943 Timetable: Northern BC Archives
  84. ^ "1946 Timetable". www.scribd.com. p. 59.
  85. ^ "1950 Timetable". www.scribd.com. p. 59.
  86. ^ "1956 Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. p. 53.
  87. ^ "1957 Timetable". www.traingeek.ca. p. 53. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2019-10-12.
  88. ^ a b c 1960 Timetable: Northern BC Archives
  89. ^ "1961 Timetable (main)" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. p. 39.
  90. ^ "1961 Timetable (way freight)" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. p. 48.
  91. ^ "1963 Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. p. 42.
  92. ^ 1964 Timetable: Northern BC Archives
  93. ^ a b c 1965 Timetable: Northern BC Archives
  94. ^ "1966 Timetable". www.traingeek.ca. p. 38. Archived from the original on 2019-08-14. Retrieved 2018-09-01.
  95. ^ 1967 Timetable: Northern BC Archives
  96. ^ a b c 1968 Timetable: Northern BC Archives
  97. ^ "1971 Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. p. 19.
  98. ^ a b c 1972 Timetable: Northern BC Archives
  99. ^ 1973 Timetable: Northern BC Archives
  100. ^ "1986 Timetable". www.scribd.com. p. 50, but scan p. 52.
  101. ^ "1988 Timetable". www.scribd.com. p. 55, but scan p. 52.
  102. ^ 1990 Timetable: Northern BC Archives
  103. ^ 1992 Timetable: Northern BC Archives
  104. ^ "1996 Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. p. 40.
  105. ^ "2011 Timetable". www.scribd.com. p. 44, but scan p. 24.
  106. ^ Recent timetables
  107. ^ Prince George Citizen: 26 Nov 1942, 17 Jun 1943 & 29 Jul 1943
  108. ^ Fort George Herald, 9 Sep 1911
  109. ^ Prince George Citizen, 13 Mar 1924
  110. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 40 & 54.
  111. ^ Prince George Citizen: 3 May 1921, 3 Jun 1921, & 9 & 30 Aug 1921
  112. ^ "Cemetery Project (Ralph McVOY)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  113. ^ "Death Certificate (Charles Thompson HARVIE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  114. ^ a b Prince George Citizen, 24 Mar 1955
  115. ^ a b Prince George Citizen, 28 Oct 1921
  116. ^ Prince George Citizen: 7 & 14 Jun 1934
  117. ^ Prince George Citizen, 26 Jul 1934
  118. ^ Prince George Citizen, 2 Aug 1934
  119. ^ Walski 1985, p. 18.
  120. ^ "Death Certificate (Fred Millard HARVIE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  121. ^ Vancouver Sun, 5 May 1955
  122. ^ a b Walski 1985, p. 9.
  123. ^ Prince George Citizen, 3 Sep 1918
  124. ^ Prince George Citizen, 23 Jul 1919
  125. ^ Prince George Citizen, 10 Dec 1920
  126. ^ Prince George Citizen: 20 Feb 1920 & 5 Apr 1921
  127. ^ Prince George Citizen, 16 Dec 1921
  128. ^ Prince George Citizen, 3 Jun 1921
  129. ^ "Death Certificate (Eliza Hastie GOLDER)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  130. ^ Prince George Citizen, 22 Apr 1948
  131. ^ "1919 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  132. ^ a b "1927 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  133. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 11–13.
  134. ^ Prince George Leader, 30 Nov 1922
  135. ^ Prince George Citizen: 19 Nov 1942 & 28 Jan 1943
  136. ^ "Marriage Certificate (HENRY/GOLDER)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  137. ^ "Obituary (Maisie HENRY)". www.drumhellermail.com.
  138. ^ "Marriage Certificate (HENSBEE/GOLDER)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  139. ^ "1921 Census". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  140. ^ a b "Image: Grave marker, Willow River". www.nbca.unbc.ca.
  141. ^ a b c Prince George Citizen, 22 Jan 1925
  142. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 28–29.
  143. ^ Prince George Citizen, 22 Jun 1933
  144. ^ Prince George Citizen, 6 Sep 1963
  145. ^ Prince George Citizen: 1 May 1941 & 13 Nov 1941
  146. ^ Prince George Citizen, 13 Apr 1944
  147. ^ Prince George Post: 2 Jan 1915 & 6 Mar 1915
  148. ^ "Giscome Chronicle". www.docplayer.net. p. 3, but scan p. 15/p. 42, but scan p. 54.
  149. ^ "A.C. Frost". www.daniabeachfl.gov.
  150. ^ Prince George Citizen, 27 May 1916
  151. ^ Prince George Citizen: 30 May 1922 & 14 Aug 1924
  152. ^ Strom 2000, p. 4.
  153. ^ Prince George Star: 6 Oct 1916 & 20 Oct 1916
  154. ^ Prince George Star: 30 Jan 1917 & 23 Feb 1917
  155. ^ Walski 1985, p. 14.
  156. ^ Prince George Citizen: 7 & 14 May 1919
  157. ^ Prince George Citizen, 16 Jul 1919
  158. ^ Prince George Citizen: 12 Aug 1921, 13 Sep 1921 & 4 Apr 1922
  159. ^ Prince George Citizen, 30 Nov 1922
  160. ^ Prince George Citizen: 2 Feb 1923 & 1 Nov 1923
  161. ^ Prince George Citizen: 28 Oct 1921, 26 Jun 1924 & 29 Oct 1925
  162. ^ Prince George Leader: 20 Oct 1922 & 23 Nov 1922
  163. ^ Prince George Citizen, 19 Feb 1948
  164. ^ Prince George Citizen: 3 Dec 1920, 30 Aug 1921, & 28 Apr 1927 to 12 May 1927
  165. ^ Prince George Leader 3 Nov 1922
  166. ^ Prince George Citizen: 13 Jun 1940 & 13 Aug 1942
  167. ^ Prince George Citizen, 17 Sep 1942
  168. ^ Prince George Citizen, 13 Aug 1942
  169. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 29–30.
  170. ^ "Cemetery Project (Harold John BROWN)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  171. ^ "Death Certificate (Emily Alice BROWN)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  172. ^ image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 22: Willow River Area, 1st and 2nd slides right of centre
  173. ^ Cunningham 2000, p. 19.
  174. ^ Brown 2000, p. 2.
  175. ^ Cunningham 2000, p. 1.
  176. ^ Prince George Citizen: 13 Aug 1942, 29 Jul 1943, & 11 Sep 1980
  177. ^ Cunningham 2000, p. 13.
  178. ^ Prince George Citizen: 21 Aug 1941, 30 Nov 1944, 3 & 31 Oct 1946, 26 Jun 1947, 8 Aug 1957, 14 Aug 1968 & 11 Sep 1980
  179. ^ Cunningham 2000, p. 42.
  180. ^ Prince George Citizen: 11 Feb 1926 & 24 Mar 1927
  181. ^ Prince George Citizen: 23 Aug 1928, 18 Jul 1929 & 17 Oct 1929
  182. ^ Prince George Citizen, 19 Jul 1934
  183. ^ Prince George Citizen, 23 Jun 1932
  184. ^ Prince George Citizen, 11 Aug 1932
  185. ^ Prince George Citizen: 13 Feb 1923 & 21 Dec 1939
  186. ^ "Death Certificate (Steve GAAL)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  187. ^ a b Prince George Citizen, 2 May 1972
  188. ^ Prince George Citizen, 19 May 1927
  189. ^ Prince George Citizen, 2 May 1988(56)
  190. ^ Bernsohn, Ken (1981). Cutting up the North: The History of the Forest Industry in the Northern Interior. Hancock House. p. 34. ISBN 9780888391148.
  191. ^ Prince George Citizen: 14 Feb 1922 & 12 Jan 1928
  192. ^ "Death Certificate (Arthur John HANDFORD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  193. ^ "Cemetery Project (Arthur John HANDFORD)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  194. ^ "Death Certificate (Margaret Emily Jane HANDFORD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  195. ^ Prince George Citizen, 22 Oct 1975
  196. ^ "Cemetery Project (Laura STROM)". www.geneofun.on.ca. Archived from the original on 2019-03-30. Retrieved 2019-07-08.
  197. ^ "Death Certificate (John HANDFORD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  198. ^ Prince George Citizen, 15 Mar 1994
  199. ^ "Death Certificate (Matthew Caleb HANDFORD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  200. ^ "Death Certificate (Margaret Grace HANDFORD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  201. ^ "Death Certificate (Mabel Hughine HODSON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  202. ^ Prince George Citizen, 19 Feb 1942
  203. ^ Prince George Citizen, 21 Jun 1945
  204. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 31–32.
  205. ^ Hak, Gordon Hugh (1986). "On the Fringes: Capital and Labour in the Forest Economies of the Port Alberni and Prince George Districts, BC, 1910–1939". www.summit.sfu.ca. p. 14.
  206. ^ "Death Certificate (William GAIR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  207. ^ "Death Certificate (Anne Gestina GAIR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  208. ^ Prince George Citizen, 10 Apr 1963
  209. ^ Prince George Citizen: 24 Mar 1955 & 28 Feb 1966
  210. ^ "Death Certificate (William Thomas GAIR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  211. ^ "Death Certificate (George Herman GAIR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  212. ^ "Death Certificate (Louis Allen GAIR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  213. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 18–19.
  214. ^ Prince George Citizen, 7 Oct 1943
  215. ^ "Marriage Certificate (ANDERSON/GAIR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  216. ^ Prince George Post, 3 Apr 1915
  217. ^ a b c Prince George Citizen, 26 Aug 1958
  218. ^ "Death Certificate (Alexander Emslie BROWN)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  219. ^ Prince George Star, 20 Apr 1917
  220. ^ a b c d "Postmasters". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  221. ^ "Death Certificate (Jane NEWSOME)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  222. ^ a b "Prince George, 9 Sep 1917". www.daily colonist.ca. 1917.
  223. ^ Prince George Citizen: 15 Nov 1957 & 23 Apr 1971
  224. ^ Prince George Citizen, 10 Nov 1922
  225. ^ Walski 1985, p. 61.
  226. ^ Prince George Citizen, 14 Sep 1950
  227. ^ "Death Certificate (Ruby Rose PENNINGTON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  228. ^ Prince George Citizen, 31 Dec 1940
  229. ^ "Death Certificate (Harold Richard PENNINGTON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  230. ^ Walski 1985, p. 17.
  231. ^ Prince George Citizen, 23 Jul 1956
  232. ^ Prince George Citizen: 19 Nov 1963 & 23 Apr 1971
  233. ^ Prince George Citizen, 11 Dec 1952
  234. ^ "Cemetery Project (George PACHOLOK)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  235. ^ Prince George Citizen: 25 Sep 1961 & 13 Jun 2000
  236. ^ Prince George Citizen, 16 Sep 1963
  237. ^ a b Prince George Citizen, 24 Oct 1966
  238. ^ "Death Certificate (Adelaine Beatrice CRAWFORD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  239. ^ a b Walski 1985, pp. 2–3.
  240. ^ Fort George Herald, 24 May 1913
  241. ^ Fort George Herald, 4 Apr 1914
  242. ^ Fort George Herald: 7, 14, 21 & 28 Mar 1914; & 4 Apr 1914
  243. ^ Prince George Leader, 3 Jun 1921
  244. ^ a b c Walski 1985, p. 34.
  245. ^ "1922 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  246. ^ "1923 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  247. ^ Prince George Citizen, 18 Apr 1929
  248. ^ Prince George Citizen, 24 Dec 1930
  249. ^ Prince George Citizen, 15 Feb 1934
  250. ^ Prince George Citizen, 8 Jun 1944
  251. ^ Prince George Citizen, 2 Sep 1948
  252. ^ Prince George Citizen: 10 Mar 1949 & 21 Jul 1949
  253. ^ Prince George Citizen, 21 Sep 1950
  254. ^ Prince George Citizen: 15 Nov 1951 & 25 Oct 1954
  255. ^ Prince George Citizen, 26 May 1955
  256. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 27 & 59.
  257. ^ Prince George Citizen, 24 Nov 1949
  258. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 4, 12 & 136.
  259. ^ Prince George Herald, 20 Nov 1915
  260. ^ Prince George Citizen: 19 Jul 1921 & 30 Aug 1921
  261. ^ "Image: School, Willow River". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  262. ^ Prince George Citizen, 22 Nov 1945
  263. ^ Strom 2000, p. 7.
  264. ^ Prince George Citizen: 8 Jan 1953 & 24 Mar 1955
  265. ^ Prince George Citizen: 26 Aug 1948 & 16 Sep 1948
  266. ^ Prince George Citizen: 8 May 1952 & 8 Oct 1953
  267. ^ Prince George Citizen, 12 Nov 1957
  268. ^ Prince George Citizen, 24 May 1962
  269. ^ Hall, Barbara.; Nellis, Kris (2012). School District No. 57 (Prince George) historical memories. (Volume II): people, places, programs & services. Prince George Retired Teachers' Association, Education Heritage Committee.
  270. ^ Prince George Citizen: 2 Oct 1947, 15 Sep 1955, 2 Sep 1960, 13 Sep 1961, 27 Aug 1963, 16 Sep 1963 & 23 Oct 1963
  271. ^ Prince George Citizen: 15 Sep 1955 & 13 Sep 1957
  272. ^ Prince George Citizen: 26 Jan 1959, 21 Dec 1959 & 13 Sep 1961
  273. ^ Prince George Citizen: 4, 18, 22 & 30 Sep 1964
  274. ^ Prince George Citizen, 2 Sep 1965
  275. ^ Prince George Citizen: 19 Mar 1984 & 13 Jul 1984
  276. ^ Prince George Citizen: 25 Jun 2010, 2 Jul 2010, 9 Feb 2011, 1 Apr 2011, 17 Jun 2011, 2 Jul 2011, 28 Sep 2012 & 13 Apr 2013
  277. ^ Prince George Citizen: 1 Dec 1916, 1 Jun 1917 & 26 Apr 1923
  278. ^ Prince George Leader: 6 May 1921, 27 Oct 1922 & 3 Nov 1922
  279. ^ a b c Prince George Citizen, 26 Jan 1953
  280. ^ "Death Certificate (Henry Eugene RAINES)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  281. ^ a b c Prince George Citizen, 10 Jun 1970
  282. ^ "Death Certificate (Martha Caroline SHORT)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  283. ^ "Death Certificate (Mattie RAINES)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  284. ^ Prince George Citizen, 8 Mar 1974
  285. ^ Prince George Citizen, 29 Dec 1922
  286. ^ Prince George Leader, 6 May 1921
  287. ^ "Marriage Certificate (RAINES/BLAIR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  288. ^ Prince George Citizen: 26 Jan 1953 & 10 Jun 1970
  289. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 4 & 27.
  290. ^ Prince George Citizen: 4 & 25 Mar 1926; 29 Apr 1926; 23 Jun 1932; 7 Jul 1932; 11 & 25 Aug 1932; 8 & 22 Sep 1932; 6 & 20 Oct 1932; & 3 &17 Nov 1932
  291. ^ Prince George Citizen: 26 Mar 1942; 9 & 23 Apr 1942; 18 Jun 1942; 30 Oct 1947; 6 & 13 Nov 1947; 8, 22 & 29 Jul 1948; 30 Sep 1948; 14 & 28 Oct 1948; 11 Nov 1948; & 28 Apr 1949
  292. ^ Prince George Citizen, 8 Apr 1954
  293. ^ Prince George Citizen, 8 Jan 1948
  294. ^ Prince George Citizen, 26 Jan 1983
  295. ^ Prince George Citizen: 30 Mar 1944, 8 Apr 1948, 7 Oct 1948, 26 Mar 1953, 27 Aug 1953, 25 Nov 1954 & 13 Jan 1989
  296. ^ Prince George Citizen, 8 Dec 1970
  297. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 4, 47 & 51.
  298. ^ Prince George Citizen, 29 Jan 1982
  299. ^ "Willow River Gospel Chapel". www.canadahelps.org.
  300. ^ Prince George Citizen: 22 Apr 1954, 7 May 1956, 2 May 1957 & 31 Mar 1959
  301. ^ Prince George Citizen: 1 Dec 1952, 1 Jul 1954, 9 Sep 1954, 23 Jun 1955, 6 Jun 1957 & 20 May 1958
  302. ^ Prince George Citizen: 19 May 1953 & 3 May 1962
  303. ^ Prince George Citizen: 15 Mar 1956 & 11 Jul 1958
  304. ^ Prince George Citizen, 31 Mar 1959
  305. ^ Prince George Citizen: 17 Nov 1958 & 26 Feb 1959
  306. ^ Prince George Citizen: 5 Aug 1948 & 15 Nov 1949
  307. ^ Prince George Citizen, 6 Feb 1958
  308. ^ Prince George Citizen: 16 Oct 1952, 6 Nov 1952, 23 Feb 1956, 8 Mar 1956, 4 Mar 1959, 4 Dec 1959, 9 Oct 1962, & 5 & 20 Dec 1966
  309. ^ Walski 1985, p. 47.
  310. ^ a b Walski 1985, p. 104.
  311. ^ Walski 1985, p. 122.
  312. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 127–132.
  313. ^ Prince George Citizen: 26 Mar 1980, 8 Sep 1983, 14 Mar 1986, 23 Sep 1989, 24 Sep 1995 & 24 Mar 2012
  314. ^ Prince George Citizen: 10 April 1984 & 15 Aug 1984
  315. ^ Prince George Citizen: 23 Sep 1989 & 8 Dec 1989
  316. ^ Prince George Citizen: 15 & 17 Jun 1993; & 8 Jul 1993
  317. ^ Prince George Citizen, 24 Mar 2012
  318. ^ Prince George Citizen, 13 Apr 2013
  319. ^ Fort George Herald, 31 May 1913
  320. ^ "Image: Athabasca scow boats". www.fhnas.ca. 30 June 2017.
  321. ^ Fort George Tribune, 2 Aug 1913
  322. ^ "Death Certificate (Henry Nichol WOOD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  323. ^ "Marriage Certificate (WOOD/BULMAN)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  324. ^ "Death Certificate (Fanny Eleanor WOOD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  325. ^ Walski 1985, p. 3.
  326. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 27 & 54.
  327. ^ "Death Certificate (Albert Joseph WHITE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  328. ^ Vancouver Sun, 3 Dec 1931
  329. ^ "Death Certificate (Rose Delma WHITE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  330. ^ "1921 Census". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  331. ^ "Marriage Certificate (RITCHIE/WHITE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  332. ^ "Death Certificate (Emmett Leo WHITE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  333. ^ "1921 Census". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  334. ^ a b Walski 1985, p. 13.
  335. ^ "Death Certificate (Marif NAZAREK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  336. ^ Prince George Citizen, 24 Aug 1933
  337. ^ "Death Certificate (James Robert LAIDLAW)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  338. ^ Prince George Citizen, 26 Mar 1953
  339. ^ Prince George Citizen: 10 & 15 Sep 1958; 3 Oct 1958; 17 to 23 Oct 1958; & 5 Jan 1959
  340. ^ Prince George Citizen, 1 Aug 1960
  341. ^ Prince George Citizen, 13 Aug 1962
  342. ^ Prince George Citizen: 11 Jul 1963 & 23 Aug 1963
  343. ^ "Cemetery Project (James Martin WALKER)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  344. ^ Prince George Citizen: 17 Jul 1967 & 1 Aug 1967
  345. ^ "Death Certificate (Ralph Leslie SUVEE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  346. ^ Prince George Citizen, 2 Oct 1968
  347. ^ Prince George Citizen, 17 Feb 2001
  348. ^ Prince George Citizen: 13 Jan 1944, 7 Dec 1944, 29 Dec 1949, 11 Apr 1957, 26 Jan 1956, 6 Jun 1957, 13 Mar 1962, 11 Jan 1965, 16 May 1998 & 23 Feb 2001
  349. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 127 & 128.
  350. ^ Prince George Citizen: 20 & 31 Jul 1989
  351. ^ Prince George Citizen, 17 Aug 1990
  352. ^ Prince George Citizen, 25 Mar 1994
  353. ^ Prince George Citizen: 3 Jul 2001 & 15 Nov 2002
  354. ^ Toronto Star, 28 Jun 2008
  355. ^ Prince George Citizen: 6 Apr 2010, 4 Jan 2012 & 27 Jul 2012
  356. ^ Prince George Citizen, 7 Feb 2011
  357. ^ Prince George Citizen, 12 Jul 1999
  358. ^ Prince George Citizen, 26 Nov 1999
  359. ^ Prince George Citizen, 29 Feb 2000
  360. ^ Prince George Citizen, 27 Jan 2016
  361. ^ Prince George Citizen, 8 Aug 1998
  362. ^ "Death Certificate (Ted Garth BURTNYK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  363. ^ Prince George Citizen, 15 Oct 1974
  364. ^ "Death Certificate (Kevin William OLSON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  365. ^ Prince George Citizen, 23 Oct 1978
  366. ^ "Death Certificate (Jennifer Lee DOHERTY)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  367. ^ Prince George Citizen, 26 Apr 1982
  368. ^ Prince George Citizen, 6 May 1946
  369. ^ Prince George Citizen, 29 Apr 1997
  370. ^ Prince George Citizen, 16 Apr 1942
  371. ^ Prince George Citizen: 13 & 27 Nov 1941, 5 Feb 1942, 24 Sep 1942, 19 & 26 Nov 1942, 29 Jul 1943, & 4 May 1944
  372. ^ Prince George Citizen: 17 & 24 Jun 1943
  373. ^ "Death Certificate (Joseph Henry HOULE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  374. ^ Prince George Citizen, 20 Jun 1983
  375. ^ Prince George Citizen: 7 Aug 1941, 23 Oct 1941 & 15 Feb 1945
  376. ^ Prince George Citizen, 24 Sep 1942
  377. ^ Prince George Citizen, 2 Jul 1942
  378. ^ Prince George Citizen, 23 Sep 1943
  379. ^ Prince George Citizen, 25 Jul 1946
  380. ^ Prince George Citizen: 15 Apr 1948 & 19 Aug 1948
  381. ^ Prince George Citizen, 9 Nov 1950
  382. ^ Walski 1985, pp. 4 & 96.
  383. ^ Prince George Citizen, 12 Jul 1951
  384. ^ "Death Certificate (Thomas Ingver SATHER)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  385. ^ Prince George Citizen, 28 Oct 1954
  386. ^ Prince George Citizen: 28 Jul 1958 & 7 Jul 1959
  387. ^ Prince George Citizen: 9 May 1946, 4 Feb 1952, 16 Oct 1952, 5 Feb 1953, 4 Mar 1959, 11 May 1959 & 1 Dec 1959
  388. ^ Prince George Citizen, 7 Mar 1957
  389. ^ Prince George Citizen: 17 Jun 1948, 2 Sep 1948, 8 Dec 1949, 16 Oct 1952, 30 Oct 1952, 16 Jun 1955, 2 & 10 Sep 1958, & 25 Nov 1959
  390. ^ "Death Certificate (Robert William WALKER)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  391. ^ Prince George Citizen: 20 & 22 Dec 1971
  392. ^ Prince George Herald, 27 Aug 1915
  393. ^ Prince George Citizen: 10 Nov 1922, 19 Jan 1923 & 10 May 1923
  394. ^ Prince George Citizen, 8 Jul 1926
  395. ^ Prince George Citizen: 2 May 1929; 25 May 1939; & 9 & 30 Aug 1945
  396. ^ Prince George Citizen, 16 Mar 1950
  397. ^ Prince George Citizen: 8 Aug 1957, 24 Nov 1958 & 1 Aug 1992
  398. ^ Prince George Citizen: 12 Nov 1971, 18 Feb 1977, 24 Sep 1979 & 29 Aug 1980
  399. ^ Prince George Citizen: 27 Feb 1947 & 9 Mar 1960
  400. ^ Prince George Citizen: 5 May 1964, 7 Jul 1966, 26 Jul 1968 & 21 Oct 1968
  401. ^ Prince George Citizen, 20 Mar 1984
  402. ^ Prince George Citizen, 22 May 1987
  403. ^ Prince George Citizen, 1 Aug 1992
  404. ^ Prince George Citizen: 11 & 12 Mar 2002
  405. ^ Prince George Citizen, 9 Apr 2002
  406. ^ Prince George Citizen, 17 Apr 2002
  407. ^ Prince George Citizen, 26 Sep 2009
  408. ^ Prince George Citizen, 17 May 1921
  409. ^ Prince George Leader: 7 Dec 1922 & 8 Mar 1923
  410. ^ Prince George Citizen, 18 Nov 1926
  411. ^ Walski 1985, p. 83.
  412. ^ Prince George Citizen: 28 Sep 1950 & 18 Feb 1960
  413. ^ Prince George Citizen: 16 Jun 1960 & 3 Mar 1961
  414. ^ Prince George Citizen, 15 Jun 1987
  415. ^ Prince George Citizen: 1 Jun 1960 & 22 Aug 1961
  416. ^ Prince George Citizen, 27 Oct 1964

References

allikas: Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow_River,_British_Columbia