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High-speed debris quickly damages space shuttle ''Explorer'', and Stone tumbles out of control away from it. Kowalski, who is wearing a [[Manned Maneuvering Unit|thruster pack]], navigates to Stone and retrieves her. Tethered together, the two make their way back to ''Explorer,'' where they discover it has been damaged far beyond usability, and the rest of their crew are dead. They then decide to use the thruster pack to make their way to the International Space Station ([[ISS]]), which is in orbit only 100km away. Kowalski estimates they have 90 minutes before the debris field completes its orbit and threatens them again.
High-speed debris quickly damages space shuttle ''Explorer'', and Stone tumbles out of control away from it. Kowalski, who is wearing a [[Manned Maneuvering Unit|thruster pack]], navigates to Stone and retrieves her. Tethered together, the two make their way back to ''Explorer,'' where they discover it has been damaged far beyond usability, and the rest of their crew are dead. They then decide to use the thruster pack to make their way to the International Space Station ([[ISS]]), which is in orbit only 100km away. Kowalski estimates they have 90 minutes before the debris field completes its orbit and threatens them again.


En route to the ISS, the two discuss Stone's life back home and the death of her young daughter in a schoolyard accident. As they approach the slightly damaged ISS, they see the ISS crew has evacuated in one of the [[Soyuz (spacecraft)|Soyuz]] modules and that the other's parachute has been accidentally deployed, making it useless for return to Earth. Out of air and maneuvering power, the two try to grab onto any part of the ISS as they fly by. A solar panel severs the tether holding them together. At the last moment, Stone's leg becomes entangled in parachute cords connected to the Soyuz, and she is able to grab hold of the tether connected to Kowalski. His additional mass strains the parachute cords around Stone's leg. Realizing that the damaged ISS is losing altitude and the rarefied air molecules will exert too much drag on both astronauts, Kowalski sacrifices himself so that Stone might survive. As he floats away into the void, he tells Stone via radio that the damaged Soyuz can still be used to travel to the nearby [[Chinese space station]] Tiangong, which might have another module that she can use to return home. She successfully reaches ISS and enters via an airlock.
En route to the ISS, the two discuss Stone's life back home and the death of her young daughter in a schoolyard accident. As they approach the slightly damaged ISS, they see the ISS crew has evacuated in one of the [[Soyuz (spacecraft)|Soyuz]] modules and that the other's parachute has been accidentally deployed, making it useless for return to Earth. Out of air and maneuvering power, the two try to grab onto any part of the ISS as they fly by. A solar panel severs the tether holding them together. At the last moment, Stone's leg becomes entangled in parachute cords connected to the Soyuz, and she is able to grab hold of the tether connected to Kowalski. His additional mass strains the parachute cords around Stone's leg. Kowalski sacrifices himself so that Stone might survive. As he floats away into the void, he tells Stone via radio that the damaged Soyuz can still be used to travel to the nearby [[Chinese space station]] Tiangong, which might have another module that she can use to return home. She successfully reaches ISS and enters via an airlock.


When she hastily undocks the Soyuz to escape a fire in the ISS, Stone realizes the module's parachute cables are still tangled with the ISS. She spacewalks outside to free the capsule, barely succeeding before the debris field returns and destroys the space station. Stone aligns the Soyuz with Tiangong, but discovers the capsule's fuel tanks are empty. Stone resigns herself to being stranded; instead of waiting to die from [[carbon dioxide poisoning]], she begins decompression of the cabin to commit suicide by painless [[Hypoxia (medical) | hypoxia]]. As she begins to lose consciousness, Stone sees Kowalski outside the capsule. To her amazement, he enters the capsule and tells her to use the capsule's re-entry rockets to navigate to Tiangong. He then disappears, apparently a hallucination. Stone restores the flow of oxygen and follows his advice to venture to the Chinese station.
When she hastily undocks the Soyuz to escape a fire in the ISS, Stone realizes the module's parachute cables are still tangled with the ISS. She spacewalks outside to free the capsule, barely succeeding before the debris field returns and destroys the space station. Stone aligns the Soyuz with Tiangong, but discovers the capsule's fuel tanks are empty. Stone resigns herself to being stranded; instead of waiting to die from [[carbon dioxide poisoning]], she begins decompression of the cabin to commit suicide by painless [[Hypoxia (medical) | hypoxia]]. As she begins to lose consciousness, Stone sees Kowalski outside the capsule. To her amazement, he enters the capsule and tells her to use the capsule's re-entry rockets to navigate to Tiangong. He then disappears, apparently a hallucination. Stone restores the flow of oxygen and follows his advice to venture to the Chinese station.

Revision as of 21:26, 6 October 2013

Gravity
Theatrical release poster
Directed byAlfonso Cuarón
Written byAlfonso Cuarón
Jonás Cuarón
Produced byAlfonso Cuarón
David Heyman
StarringSandra Bullock
George Clooney
CinematographyEmmanuel Lubezki
Edited byAlfonso Cuarón
Mark Sanger
Music bySteven Price
Production
companies
Distributed byWarner Bros. Pictures
Release dates
  • August 28, 2013 (2013-08-28) (Venice)
  • October 4, 2013 (2013-10-04) (US)
  • October 3, 2013 (2013-10-03) (AU)
  • November 8, 2013 (2013-11-08) (UK)
Running time
91 minutes[1]
CountriesUnited States
United Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
Budget$80 - $100 million[2]
Box office$82,950,000[2]

Gravity is a 2013 3D science fiction thriller[3][4] film co-written, co-produced, co-edited and directed by Alfonso Cuarón. The film stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as surviving astronauts from a damaged Space Shuttle.

Cuarón wrote the screenplay with his son Jonás and attempted to develop the project at Universal Studios. After the rights to the project were sold, the project found traction at Warner Bros. instead. The studio approached multiple actresses before casting Bullock in the female lead role. Robert Downey, Jr. was also involved as the male lead before leaving the project and being replaced by Clooney.

Gravity opened at the 70th Venice International Film Festival in August 2013.[5] Its North American premiere was three days later at the Telluride Film Festival. It got a wide release in the United States and Canada on October 4, 2013, and in the Philippines on October 3, 2013.

Plot

Bio-medical engineer Dr. Ryan Stone is on her first space shuttle mission, accompanied by veteran astronaut Matt Kowalski, who is commanding his final expedition. During a spacewalk, Mission Control in Houston warns Stone and Kowalski that debris from a Russian anti-satellite test unexpectedly continued to hit other satellites, causing a chain reaction of destruction, which disrupts communication with the Mission Control.

High-speed debris quickly damages space shuttle Explorer, and Stone tumbles out of control away from it. Kowalski, who is wearing a thruster pack, navigates to Stone and retrieves her. Tethered together, the two make their way back to Explorer, where they discover it has been damaged far beyond usability, and the rest of their crew are dead. They then decide to use the thruster pack to make their way to the International Space Station (ISS), which is in orbit only 100km away. Kowalski estimates they have 90 minutes before the debris field completes its orbit and threatens them again.

En route to the ISS, the two discuss Stone's life back home and the death of her young daughter in a schoolyard accident. As they approach the slightly damaged ISS, they see the ISS crew has evacuated in one of the Soyuz modules and that the other's parachute has been accidentally deployed, making it useless for return to Earth. Out of air and maneuvering power, the two try to grab onto any part of the ISS as they fly by. A solar panel severs the tether holding them together. At the last moment, Stone's leg becomes entangled in parachute cords connected to the Soyuz, and she is able to grab hold of the tether connected to Kowalski. His additional mass strains the parachute cords around Stone's leg. Kowalski sacrifices himself so that Stone might survive. As he floats away into the void, he tells Stone via radio that the damaged Soyuz can still be used to travel to the nearby Chinese space station Tiangong, which might have another module that she can use to return home. She successfully reaches ISS and enters via an airlock.

When she hastily undocks the Soyuz to escape a fire in the ISS, Stone realizes the module's parachute cables are still tangled with the ISS. She spacewalks outside to free the capsule, barely succeeding before the debris field returns and destroys the space station. Stone aligns the Soyuz with Tiangong, but discovers the capsule's fuel tanks are empty. Stone resigns herself to being stranded; instead of waiting to die from carbon dioxide poisoning, she begins decompression of the cabin to commit suicide by painless hypoxia. As she begins to lose consciousness, Stone sees Kowalski outside the capsule. To her amazement, he enters the capsule and tells her to use the capsule's re-entry rockets to navigate to Tiangong. He then disappears, apparently a hallucination. Stone restores the flow of oxygen and follows his advice to venture to the Chinese station.

As her Soyuz nears the station, Stone opens the hatch and is blown toward it, using a fire extinguisher as a makeshift thruster to control her direction. She scrambles into the Shenzhou capsule just as Tiangong, which has been pushed out of its stable orbit by the satellite debris, starts to break up on the upper edge of the atmosphere. As she descends to Earth, Stone hears Mission Control over the radio tracking the capsule while rescue teams are being dispatched.

Shenzhou splashes down in a wilderness lake. When the capsule sinks, Stone must shed her spacesuit and swim to shore as the remains of Tiangong and other satellite debris burn up high in the sky overhead. Stone pulls herself ashore and takes her first shaky steps on land, reacclimating to Earth's gravity.

Cast

  • Sandra Bullock as Dr. Ryan Stone
  • George Clooney as Matt Kowalski
  • Ed Harris as Mission Control (voice)
  • Orto Ignatiussen as Aningaaq (voice)
  • Paul Sharma as Shariff (voice)
  • Amy Warren as Explorer Captain (voice)
  • Basher Savage as Russian Space Station Captain (voice)

Production

Development

The project was in development at Universal Pictures for several years, but the studio placed it in turnaround. Warner Bros. acquired the project, which in February 2010, attracted the attention of Angelina Jolie, who had rejected a sequel to Wanted.[6] Later in the month, she passed on the project,[7] partially because the studio did not want to pay her $20 million fee,[8] which she had received for her latest two movies. She received $19 million for The Tourist[9] and over $20 million for Salt. She also passed on the project because she wanted to work on directing her Bosnian war film, In the Land of Blood and Honey.[10] In March, Robert Downey, Jr. entered talks to be cast in the male lead role.[11]

In mid-2010, Marion Cotillard tested for the female lead role. By August 2010, Scarlett Johansson and Blake Lively were in the running for the role.[8] In September, Cuarón received approval from Warner Bros. to offer the role without a screen test to Natalie Portman who was being praised for her recently released film Black Swan.[12] Portman passed on the project due to scheduling conflicts, and Warner Bros. then approached Sandra Bullock for the role.[10] In November 2010, Downey left the project to star in How to Talk to Girls, a project in development with Shawn Levy attached to direct.[13] In the following December, with Bullock signed for the co-lead role, George Clooney replaced Downey.[14]

Filming

Gravity has a production budget of $100 million and was filmed digitally. Principal photography on the film began in late May 2011.[15] Live elements were shot at Pinewood and Shepperton Studios in the United Kingdom,[16] with the visual effects supervised by Tim Webber at Framestore in London.[17] The 3D was designed and supervised by Chris Parks. The majority of the 3D was created through stereo rendering the CG at Framestore with the rest post converted, principally at Prime Focus, London with additional conversion work by Framestore. Prime Focus's supervisor was Richard Baker. Filming began in London in May 2011.[18] The film contains about 200 or so cutaways, which is significantly less than most films of this length. Although the first trailer has audible explosions in it, Cuarón has confirmed that scenes in space will be silent: "They put in explosions [in the trailer]. As we know, there is no sound in space. In the film, we don't do that."[19]

Music

Main article: Gravity: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

In most of the film's official trailers, "Spiegel im Spiegel" was used, written by Estonian composer Arvo Pärt in 1978.[20]

The film score to Gravity was composed by Steven Price. A soundtrack album was released digitally on September 17, 2013 and in physical formats on October 1, 2013 by WaterTower Music.[21] On September 5, 2013, a 23 minute preview of the soundtrack was released online.[22]

Release

Gravity was released in 3D and IMAX 3D on October 4, 2013.[23] The film was originally scheduled to be released on November 21, 2012, before being re-scheduled for a 2013 release in order to complete extensive post-production effects work.[24]

Reception

Box office

Preliminary reports had the film tracking for a debut of over $40 million in North America.[25][26] The film earned $1.4 million from its Thursday night showings,[27] and reached a $17.5 million Friday total.[28] It went on to become the biggest October opening ever, as the film brought in $55.55 million.[29] Of the film's opening weekend gross, 80 percent of the total was derived from its 3D showings for a sum of $44 million – which also includes $11.2 million, or 20 percent of the total receipts, from IMAX 3D showings, the highest percentage ever for an film opening more than $50 million.[30]

Critical reception

Gravity had its world premiere at the 70th Venice International Film Festival on August 28, where it received acclaim from critics and audiences, praising the acting, direction, screenplay, cinematography, visual effects, production design, the use of 3D, and Steven Price's musical score.[31] Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 98% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 212 reviews with a "Certified Fresh" rating, with an average score of 9.1/10. The site's consensus states: "Alfonso Cuarón's Gravity is an eerie, tense sci-fi thriller that's masterfully directed and visually stunning".[32] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 96 (citing "universal acclaim") based on 47 reviews.[33] CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade cinemagoers gave Gravity was A- on an A+ to F scale.[30]

At Variety, Justin Chang posits that the film "restores a sense of wonder, terror and possibility to the bigscreen that should inspire awe among critics and audiences worldwide".[34] Richard Corliss of Time proclaimed that "Cuar‪ón shows things that cannot be but, miraculously, are, in the fearful, beautiful reality of the space world above our world. If the film past is dead, Gravity shows us the glory of cinema's future. It thrills on so many levels. And because Cuar‪ón is a movie visionary of the highest order, you truly can't beat the view." He also admired that "Beyond technology, Cuar‪ón plays daringly and dexterously with point-of-view: at one moment you're inside Ryan's helmet as she surveys the bleak silence, then in a subtle shift you're outside to gauge her reaction. The 3-D effects, added in post-production, provide their own extraterrestrial startle: a hailstorm of debris hurtles at you, as do a space traveler's thoughts at the realization of being truly alone in the universe."[35]

The film was praised by filmmaker James Cameron, who said, "I think it's the best space photography ever done, I think it's the best space film ever done, and it's the movie I've been hungry to see for an awful long time".[36]

Accolades

The film won the "Future Film Festival Digital Award" at the 2013 Venice Film Festival.[37] Bullock was awarded with the "Best Actress Award" at the 2013 Hollywood Film Festival, for her "outstanding work in Gravity" and "a stunning and emotionally layered performance that shows once again why she is one of Hollywood’s most respected and popular actresses."[38]

Scientific accuracy

The film has been praised for the realism of its premises and its overall adherence to physical principles, despite a few inaccuracies and exaggerations.[39][40] Examples include:

The use of the Manned Maneuvering Unit ("jetpack") was inconsistent with actual practice, in particular, NASA did not provide this equipment to space shuttle crews, and one commentator notes that using the space-arm would have been faster than using the MMU during the rescue of Mission Specialist Stone.

Clooney's zippy-quick journey up to rescue Bullock brought us to another problem—beyond his irresponsible and implausible use of his propellant stores, would he actually be able to get Bullock's character back into the safety of the shuttle's cargo bay faster than the SSRMS arm could simply lower her?

..."So, let's say that there was more time—like, the arm was stuck out there" without the threat of hypervelocity debris impacts. "She could get out of the foot restraints and just climb back down the arm. But, could someone fly out there like this and pick her up and fly her back?" He hesitates. "Well, maybe."

The problem turns out to be one of mass and inertia. On the brief jaunt out to the end of the arm, Clooney's pseudo-MMU only needs to accelerate his suited mass; if he's able to unhook Bullock, her own suited mass adds considerably to the amount the backpack's thrusters must accelerate (and that's putting aside questions of how much propellant remains in the tanks).

On top of that, there's something else that matters more than simply the amount of mass: the positioning and center of that mass. "The positions of the jet on those thruster towers have to be on the center of mass on him, otherwise—like, if he's holding onto her, and their combined center of mass is somewhere else, his ability to control and maneuver may be unstable, and he won't be able to help." The only way to work around that problem would be to do the rescue very, very cautiously. "It would be something very slow, very not-rushed," Scoville said. "It would just be faster for her to climb down the arm."

I observed that in this situation, with the arm mobile and with debris incoming, it would be faster to simply retract the arm than to have Clooney go and rescue Bullock. Scoville agreed: "Right—faster to just fly the arm back."[41]

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST), which was being repaired at the beginning of the movie, has an orbit of about 559 kilometres (347 mi). The ISS, on the other hand, has a very slightly elliptical orbit at around 420 kilometres (260 mi), and a very different orbital plane. There is, therefore, no way to migrate from the Hubble orbit to the ISS with a Manned Maneuvering Unit.[42] Also, the debris field would affect either communications satellites, most of which orbit at 22,500 miles, or the HST, but not both in the manner depicted. The director admits that the film is not scientifically accurate, and that some liberties were needed to sustain the story.[43]

Several implausible assumptions ("suspension of disbelief") are necessary to accept the plot in Gravity. One of the first we see is that Dr. Stone, (Sandra Bullock) a doctor on her rookie flight, is suffering from vertigo and nausea. Still, she somehow tolerates extremely violent, out of control, tumbling, spinning gyrations in space for extended periods several times without blacking out from the "g" forces or becoming disabled from her vertigo. A harder assumption to swallow is her technical expertise operating an escape rocket on the Chinese space station. The buttons on the ship are marked in Chinese characters, and at one point she is reduced to "eenie, meenie, miney, mo" pressing them at random. This somehow produces complex and precise spaceflight maneuvers. A highly experienced American command astronaut could not do this, let alone a physician with no aircraft or spacecraft experience or training.[original research?]

See also

References

  1. ^ "GRAVITY (12A)". Warner Bros. British Board of Film Classification. August 23, 2013. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
  2. ^ a b Gravity at Box Office Mojo
  3. ^ Chris Lackner (September 27, 2013). "Pop Forecast: Gravity is gripping space drama and it's gimmick free". The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved October 3, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ "Girl on a wire: Sandra Bullock talks about her new space drama, Gravity". South China Morning Post. Retrieved October 3, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ "George Clooney and Sandra Bullock to open Venice film festival". BBC News.
  6. ^ Brodesser-Akner, Claude (February 25, 2010). "Angelina Jolie Says No to Wanted 2, Killing the Sequel". Vulture. New York. New York Media. Retrieved April 27, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  7. ^ Sperling, Nicole (February 26, 2010). "Angelina Jolie out of 'Wanted 2': Follow-up project not a lock". Entertainment Weekly. Time Warner. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  8. ^ a b Kit, Borys (August 11, 2010). "Blake Lively, Scarlett Johansson vie for sci-fi film". Reuters. Thomson Reuters.
  9. ^ Newcomb, Peter (March 2011). "Hollywood's Top 40". Condé Nast. Vanity Fair. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  10. ^ a b Kroll, Justin (October 6, 2010). "Sandra Bullock in talks for 'Gravity'". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  11. ^ Rosenberg, Adam (April 27, 2013). "Robert Downey Jr. In Talks To Star In 'Children Of Men' Director Alfonso Cuaron's 'Gravity'". MTV. Viacom Media Networks.
  12. ^ Fernandez, Jay A. (September 8, 2010). "Natalie Portman offered lead in 3D survival story". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  13. ^ Kit, Borys (November 17, 2010). "EXCLUSIVE: Robert Downey Jr. Eyeing 'How to Talk to Girls'". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  14. ^ McNary, Dave (December 16, 2010). "Clooney to replace Downey Jr. in 'Gravity'". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  15. ^ Fitzmaurice, Sarah (June 9, 2011). "Feeling broody? George Clooney gets snap happy with Sandra Bullock and her son Louis on set of new film". Daily Mail. Daily Mail and General Trust. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  16. ^ "Gravity | Pinewood filming locations". Pinewood Group. Pinewood Studios. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  17. ^ http://www.framestore.com/work/coming-soon-gravity
  18. ^ Dang, Simon (April 17, 2011). "Producer David Heyman Says Alfonso Cuarón's 3D Sci-Fi Epic 'Gravity' Will Shoot This May". The Playlist. IndieWire. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  19. ^ Child, Ben (July 22, 2013). "Comic-Con 2013: five things we learned". The Guardian. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
  20. ^ Wickman, Forrest (May 9, 2013). "Trailer Critic: Alfonso Cuarón's Gravity". Slate. Retrieved May 12, 2013.
  21. ^ "'Gravity' Soundtrack Details". Film Music Reporter. August 28, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
  22. ^ "'Gravity' Soundtrack Preview Highlights 23 Minutes Of Steven Price's Nerve-Rattling Score". September 5, 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
  23. ^ "UPDATE: Warner Bros. and IMAX Sign Up to 20 Picture Deal!". ComingSoon.net. CraveOnline. April 25, 2010. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
  24. ^ Vary, Adam (May 14, 2012). "Sandra Bullock, George Clooney sci-fi drama 'Gravity' moved to 2013". Entertainment Weekly. Time Warner. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  25. ^ Stewart, Andrew (October 4, 2013). "Box Office: 'Gravity' Tracking for a $40 Mil-Plus Bow With Record 3D Sales". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  26. ^ Smith, Grady (October 3, 2013). "Box office preview: 'Gravity' headed for a stellar debut". Entertainment Weekly. CNN. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  27. ^ McClintock, Pamela (October 4, 2013). "Box Office: 'Gravity' Takes Flight With $1.4 Million Thursday Night". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  28. ^ Mendelson, Scott (October 5, 2013). "Friday Box Office: 'Gravity' Earns $17.5m, Rockets Towards $50m". Forbes. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  29. ^ Cohen, Sandy (October 6, 2013). "Home> Entertainment 'Gravity' Soars to Top of Weekend Box Office". ABC News. American Broadcasting Company. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  30. ^ a b Cunninghham, Todd (October 6, 2013). "'Gravity' soars to record-breaking box-office blast-off". The Wrap. MSN Entertainment. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  31. ^ Trumbore, Dave (August 28, 2013). "GRAVITY Reviews Praise Sandra Bullock and George Clooney's Performances". Collider. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  32. ^ "Gravity - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 19, 2013.
  33. ^ "Gravity Reviews - Metacritic". Metacritic. Retrieved September 19, 2013.
  34. ^ Frater, Patrick (August 14, 2013). "'Gravity' Review: Alfonso Cuaron's White-Knuckle Space Odyssey". Variety. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  35. ^ "Gravity at the Venice Film Festival: Dread and Awe in Space". TIME. August 28, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  36. ^ "Alfonso Cuaron Returns to the Bigscreen After Seven Years With 'Gravity'". Variety. September 3, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  37. ^ "Mostra Venezia: a 'Gravity' di Cuaron il 'Future Film Festival Digital Award 2013'". Retrieved September 6, 2013. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  38. ^ "Sanra Bullock won Hollywood Film Festival Best Actress Award 2013'". Retrieved 20. 9. 2013.. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  39. ^ "What's behind the science of 'Gravity'?". CNN. September 28, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  40. ^ "Gravity: Ripped from the Headlines?". Space Safety Magazine. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
  41. ^ "Poking holes in the Gravity trailer with NASA's help". arstechnica. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  42. ^ "Poking holes in the Gravity trailer with NASA's help". arstechnica. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  43. ^ "Gravity". Space.com.
  44. ^ Sinha, Piya. "'Gravity' gets lift at Comic-Con as director Cuaron leaps into space". Reuters. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F576048267