Radha Vallabha Sampradaya

Radha Vallabha
Central deity of Radha Vallabh Temple, Vrindavan
Founder
Hita Harivansh[1]
Regions with significant populations
Mathura, Uttar Pradesh[1]
Religions
Hinduism
Scriptures
Hita-Chaurāsī[2] •
Languages
Braj Bhasha • Sanskrit[3]
Website
radhavallabhmandir.com

The Radha Vallabha Sampradaya[4] is a Vaishnava Hindu denomination founded in 1535 at Vrindavan by Hita Harivansh (1502–1552).[5] Harivansh's views are related to Krishnaism, but emphasises devotion to the goddess Radha as the Supreme Being.[6][1][7][8][9]

Features

According to the scholar Guy L. Beck, the Radha Vallabha Sampradaya has the following features, in comparison with Krishnaite traditions.[10]

  1. Its view on Radha and Krishna differentiates from normative Krishnaite theology. The Supreme Being in this tradition is Radha, while her consort Krishna is described to be the penultimate step toward the supreme deity,[1] and her most intimate servant.[note 1]
  2. The tradition prefers to remain unaffiliated with any classical philosophical positions[3] and resisted affiliation with the four major Vaishnavite sampradayas.[note 2]
  3. It declines to produce theological and philosophical commentaries, based on pure bhakti, divine love.
  4. The founder and followers lived and lives as householders and sannyasa is not praised.
  5. It defines liberation not in terms of moksha or Vaikuntha or Goloka, but as participation as a witnessing companion (sakhi) in the divine play of Radha and Krishna.[13]

Scriptures

The main scriptures of the sampradaya are created in regional language Braj Bhasha, which is regarded within the tradition as the sacred language associated with Radha and Krishna, both in earthly Vrindaban and in the eternal divine abode. These scriptures emphasize poetry and singing verses rather than philosophical views.[14]

  • Hita-Caurāsī (a.k.a. Caurāsī Pad): the eighty-four verses (hymns), the principal work of Hita Harivansh.[2]
  • Vyāhulau Utsav ke Pad (the Wedding Hymns of Radha and Krishna): celebrating the eternal marriage of Radha and Krishna.[15]
  • Hita Radha Sudha Nidhi: a Sanskrit stotra traditionally attributed to Hita Harivansh, reflects Radhavallabh theology.[2]

The Radha Vallabha Sampradaya also preserves a large collection of unpublished poetry composed by later members of its disciplic lineages.[16]

Lineage of Radha Vallabha Sampradaya

The Radha Vallabh Temple, Vrindavan, is a famous temple among the sect. In this temple, there is no idol of Shri Radha, but a 'Gādī Sevā' (throne) is placed next to Krishna to signify her presence.[17] Beck notes that the throne serves as a symbolic surrogate for Radha, who is considered beyond physical representation in this tradition and reflects her supreme status.[18]

The kirtan "Samaj-Gayan" is the Radha-vallabha's collective style of hymn singing by the Hindustani classical music forms, such "dhrupad" and "dhamar".[3] It developed early in Vrindavan and uses Braj Bhasa devotional poetry as a collective form of worship.[3]

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ^ As a precursor to this view can understand the 12th-century poet Jayadeva, in whose Gita Govinda (10.9) Krishna beneath Radha.[11]
  2. ^ Scholaes sometimes count the Radhavallabhis as an offshoot of Nimbarka Sampradaya.[12]

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d Beck 2005, p. 66.
  2. ^ a b c White 1977; Snell 1991; Beck 2005, pp. 67–68.
  3. ^ a b c d Beck 2005, p. 67.
  4. ^ Gupta, Ravi; Valpey, Kenneth (26 March 2013). The Bhagavata Purana: Sacred Text and Living Tradition. Columbia University Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-231-14999-0.
  5. ^ White 1977; Snell 1991, chapter 1; Brzezinski 1992; Rosenstein 1998; Beck 2005.
  6. ^ Rosenstein 1998.
  7. ^ Vemsani, Lavanya (2016). Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-61069-211-3. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
  8. ^ Lochtefeld, James G. (2002). "Radha". The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N–Z. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 542. ISBN 978-0-8239-3180-4.
  9. ^ Balfour, Edward (1885). The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia: Commercial, Industrial and Scientific, Products of the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, Useful Arts and Manufactures (3rd ed.). London: B. Quaritch. p. 62. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  10. ^ Beck 2005, pp. 74–76.
  11. ^ Beck 2005, p. 76.
  12. ^ De, Sushil Kumar (1942). Early History of the Vaisnava Faith and Movement in Bengal from Sanskrit and Bengali Sources. Calcutta: General Printers and Publishers. p. 6 note.
  13. ^ Beck 2005, pp. 79–83.
  14. ^ Beck 2005, pp. 67–68.
  15. ^ Beck 2005, pp. 86–90.
  16. ^ Beck 2005, p. 83.
  17. ^ Rājaśekhara Dāsa (2000). The Color Guide to Vṛndāvana: India's Most Holy City of Over 5,000 Temples. Vedanta Vision Publication.
  18. ^ Beck 2005, p. 82.
  19. ^ Live, A. B. P. (24 May 2023). "प्रेमानंद जी महाराज वृंदावन का जीवन परिचय जान आप रह जाएंगे हैरान, यहां पढ़ें इनकी जीवनी". ABP News (in Hindi). Retrieved 9 July 2023.

Bibliography

allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radha_Vallabha_Sampradaya