Xenophon Zolotas
Xenophon Zolotas | |
|---|---|
| Ξενοφών Ζολώτας | |
.jpg) Zolotas in 1989 | |
| Prime Minister of Greece | |
| In office 23 November 1989 – 11 April 1990 | |
| President | Christos Sartzetakis |
| Preceded by | Ioannis Grivas (caretaker) |
| Succeeded by | Konstantinos Mitsotakis |
| Governor of the Bank of Greece | |
| In office 27 November 1974 – 29 October 1981 | |
| Preceded by | Panagotis Papaligouras |
| Succeeded by | Gerasimos Arsenis |
| In office 5 February 1955 – 5 August 1967 | |
| Preceded by | Georgios Mantzavinos |
| Succeeded by | Dimitrios N. Galanis |
| In office 12 October 1944 – 8 January 1945 | |
| Preceded by | Theodoros Tourkovasilis |
| Succeeded by | Kyriakos Varvaresos |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Xenophon Euthymiou Zolotas 26 April 1904 Athens, Greece |
| Died | 10 June 2004 (aged 100) Athens, Greece |
| Party | Independent |
| Spouse |
Lola Zolotas (m. 1958) |
| Alma mater | University of Athens Leipzig University University of Paris |
Xenophon Euthymiou Zolotas (Greek: Ξενοφών Ζολώτας; 26 April 1904 – 10 June 2004) was a Greek economist who served as an interim non-party Prime Minister of Greece.
Life and career
Zolotas was born in Athens on 26 April 1904[1][2] to a family of goldsmiths with roots in Russia. He graduated from Rizarios Ecclesiastical School.[3][4] Zolotas studied law at the University of Athens, and later studied at the Leipzig University and the University of Paris.[5] In 1928, he became a professor of economics at the University of Athens and at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. He held these posts until 1968, when he resigned in protest of the military regime which had come to power in 1967.
Zolotas was director of the Bank of Greece from 1944–1945, 1955–1967 (when he resigned in protest at the regime), and 1974–1981. He was also a member of the Board of Directors of UNRRA in 1946, and held senior posts in the International Monetary Fund and other international organisations from 1946 to 1981. Zolotas published many works on Greek and international economic topics. He was a Keynesian, and was active in socialist circles with his close friend, Professor Angelos Angelopoulos.
In association with his work in international economics, he gave two speeches at the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which, in his words, "[used] with the exception of articles and prepositions only Greek words", to demonstrate the contribution of Greek to the English vocabulary.[6]
When the elections of November 1989 failed to give a majority to either the PASOK party of Andreas Papandreou or the New Democracy party of Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Zolotas, then aged 85, agreed to become Prime Minister at head of a non-party administration until fresh elections could be held. He stepped down after the election of April 1990 which gave Mitsotakis a narrow majority.
He was a workaholic and an avid winter swimmer, making a point of swimming every morning throughout the year even into his nineties.
His book Economic Growth and Declining Social Welfare[7] advances the idea that in modern economic growth, there is an increasing output of useless and even discomforting things, such as advertising. For that reason, he posits modern economic growth does not create conditions for further human happiness, a thesis in agreement with ideas by Richard Easterlin and Herman Daly.
Zolotas died on 10 June 2004 at the age of 100.[8][9] He is buried in the First Cemetery of Athens.
See also
References
- ^ "Ξενοφών Ζολώτας - Ιστορικοί Περίπατοι". Istorikoiperipatoi.gr. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ "Ξενοφών Ζολώτας: Ο Σπερχειαδίτης πού έφτασε στην "κορυφή" της Ελλάδας καί της Ευρώπης :: Σπερχειός OnLine-Ενημέρωση Δυτικής Φθιώτιδας". Sperchios.com. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ "Συνέντευξη του προέδρου του Ριζαρείου στην εφημερίδα "Δημοκρατία" (06/08/2013)". lyk-rizar.att.sch.gr. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ "Δεν υποχωρεί η Εκκλησία στο θέμα της Ριζαρείου - Αντιδρούν οι Μητροπολίτες στην παρουσία μαθητριών". Dogma (in Greek). 16 October 2013. Archived from the original on 22 April 2025. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ Lentz, Harris M. (4 February 2014). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945. Routledge. p. 337. ISBN 978-1-134-26490-2.
- ^ Aspden, Peter (23 April 2010). "Outside Edge: It's all Greek to the bond markets Archived 26 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine". Financial Times. ISSN 0307-1766. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
- ^ Zolotas, Xenophon. Economic Growth and Declining Social Welfare. New York: New York University Press, 1981.
- ^ "Κυβέρνηση Οικουμενική Ξενοφών Ζολώτας Νοέμβριος 1989 - Απρίλιος 1990". Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
- ^ "Former PM Xenophon Zolotas dies, aged 100 - Kathimerini". Ekathimerini.com. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
External links
- Zolotas' speeches, also see an archived page of this link.
