List of active separatist movements in South America
This is a list of currently active separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.
Criteria
What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
- They are active movements with active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
- They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. (Excluding Uncontacted peoples)
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
- Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
- Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
- Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).
Argentina
- Proposed autonomous area: Rio Negro Province
- Political Party: Together We Are Río Negro
- Ethnic group: Tehuelche people and Mapuche
- Ethnic group: Toba people, Wichí
- Proposed: Autonomy for
Formosa
- Proposed: Autonomy for
Santa María Department[10][11]
- Ethnic group: Diaguita
- Proposed: autonomy for the Diaguita in the Santa María Department
- Proposed: autonomy for
Corrientes
- Advocacy group: Partido Autonomista de Corrientes[16]
- Proposed: self determination for
Buenos Aires Province[18][19][20][21]
- Proposed: independence for the Center Region
Brazil

Secessionist movements
South Region (
Paraná,
Rio Grande do Sul and
Santa Catarina)
- Proposed: independence for the South Region
- Advocacy group:
The South Is My Country
- Advocacy group:
- Proposed: independent for the North Region
- Advocacy group: Associação Cultural dos Povos da Amazônia
- Proposed: independence for
Bahia
- Advocacy group: Movimento República da Bahia
- Proposed: independence for
Espírito Santo
- Advocacy group: O Espírito Santo é meu país
- Proposed: independence for
Rio de Janeiro
- Advocacy group: O Rio é meu país
- Proposed: independence for Brasília
- Advocacy group: Movimento Brasìlia Independente
- Proposed: Independence for
Ceará
- Advocacy group: Movimento Ceará Meu País
- Proposed: independence for
Roraima
- Advocacy group: Movimento Roraima independente
- Proposed: independence for
Goiás
- Advocacy group: Movimento República de Goiás
Autonomist movements
Western
Pará
- Proposed federative unit:
State of Tapajós
Bolivia

- Proposed state: Santa Cruz
- Advocacy group: Nación Camba
- Proposed state: Qullasuyu
- Proposed state or autonomous area: Qullasuyu
- Advocacy groups for increased autonomy: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities, Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement and Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto
- Ethnic group:
Aymara people
- Ethnic group: Monkoxɨ people
- Proposed: autonomy for the Monkoxɨ people
- Advocacy group: Central Indígena de Comunidades Originarias de Lomerío
Chile
- Proposed state or autonomous area: Wallmapu[4][5][40]
- Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche, Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco
- Proposed autonomous area: Chiloé [citation needed]
- Proposed autonomous area: Arica y Parinacota Region[45][46][47][48]
- Political party: Arica Estado Independiente[49]
- Proposed autonomous area: Magallanes [citation needed]
- Advocacy group: Partido Regionalista de Magallanes[50]
- Proposed: greater autonomy for the Aysén Region
- Advocacy group: Aysén Regional Productive Development Committee
Colombia
- Proposed state: Antioquia
- Advocacy group: Por una Antioquia Libre y Soberana[52][53][54][55]
Autonomist
- Ethnic group: Indigenous peoples in Colombia
- Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in Colombia
Magdalena Medio Antioquia[63][64]
- Proposed: turning Magdalena Medio into its own department
Ecuador
- Proposed: autonomy for the Saraguro people[71]
Napo Province,
Orellana Province and
Pastaza Province[citation needed]
- Ethnic group: Waorani people
- Proposed: autonomy for the Waorani people in Ecuador
- Advocacy group: Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon
France
- Proposed state:
Republic of Amazonia[citation needed] or Cayenne
- Advocacy group: Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement
Guyana
Indigenous peoples in Guyana[73][74]
- Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in Guyana
- Political party: Amerindian People’s Association
- Ethnic group: Indigenous peoples in Guyana
Peru
- Proposed state: Qullasuyu[75]
- Advocacy groups: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities,Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement, Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country,Peruvian Nationalist Party, Peruvian 'Great South'[76]
- Ethnic group:
Aymara people
- Proposed state: South Peru
- Ethnic group: Shipibo-Conibo
- Proposed: autonomy for the Shipibo-Conibo
- Advocacy group: Shipibo Konibo Xetebo Council
Department of Junín, Department of Pasco and Department of Huánuco[89][90]
Venezuela
- Proposed autonomous area: Zulia
- Ethnic group: Indigenous peoples in Venezuela[97]
- Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in the
Amazonas
- Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in the
See also
References
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