Indian environmental law

Indian environmental law concerns the law and policy of India concerning the protection of the environment. Measures include attempts to address climate change and achieve a zero carbon economy.

Environment quality declined due to increasing pollution, loss of biological diversity, excessive concentration of harmful chemicals in the atmosphere and in food chains, and threats to life support systems. The Decisions taken at a United Nations conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in June 1972 were based on the world's resolve to protect the environment. Although several measures had been taken for environmental protection both before and after the conference it decided to enact a comprehensive law on the subject. Accordingly, an environment protection bill was introduced in the Parliament. Some of the areas covered include:

  • Air pollution
  • Water pollution
  • Forest and wildlife protection
  • Waste management
  • Wild Life

As with environmental protection legislation in many countries, the regulations are effective only if they are properly enforced, which is not always the case in India.

Article 21 of the Constitution of India[1]

Legislation

The Environment Protection Act of 1986[2] is enforced by the Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Boards.

  • National Green Tribunal established under the National Green Tribunal Act of 2010[3] has jurisdiction over all environmental cases dealing with a substantial environmental question and acts covered under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
  • Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991
  • Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
  • Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) (Union Territories) Rules, 1983

Water

Legislation to protect water quality include:

Forests and wildlife

Waste management

  • Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001
  • Recycled Plastics, Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999
  • Basel Convention on Control of TransboundaryMovements on Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, 1989 and Its Protocols
  • Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003[6]
  • Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016

See also

References

  1. ^ "Conservation of Endangered Species". Supreme Court Observer. Retrieved 30 January 2026.
  2. ^ "THE ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1986". envfor.nic.in. Archived from the original on 13 June 2002. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  3. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ "THE INDIAN WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) ACT, 1972". envfor.nic.in. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  5. ^ Rhuks Temitope, "THE JUDICIAL RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE RIGHT TO ENVIRONMENT:DIFFERING PERSPECTIVES FROM NIGERIA AND INDIA"[permanent dead link], NUJS LAW REVIEW, 2 January 2015
  6. ^ Surendra Malik, Sudeep Malik (2015). Supreme Court on Environment Law (2015 ed.). India: EBC. ISBN 9789351451914.

Further reading

  • Saravanan, Velayutham. Environmental History of Modern India: Land, Population, Technology and Development (Bloomsbury Publishing India, 2022) online review[
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_environmental_law