Brachionus
| Brachionus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Brachionus calyciflorus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Rotifera |
| Class: | Monogononta |
| Order: | Ploima |
| Family: | Brachionidae |
| Genus: | Brachionus Pallas, 1766 |
| Type species | |
| Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766
| |
| Synonyms | |
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List
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Brachionus is a genus of planktonic rotifers occurring in freshwater, alkaline and brackish water.
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Brachionus:[1]
- Brachionus adisi Koste & Hardy, 1984
- Brachionus africanus Segers, Mbogo & Dumont, 1994
- Brachionus ahlstromi Lindeman, 1939
- Brachionus amazonicus Koste & Robertson, 1983
- Brachionus amsterdamensis De Smet, 2001
- Brachionus angularis Gosse, 1851
- Brachionus araceliae Silva-Briano, Galvan-De la Rosa, Perez-Legaspi & Rico-Martinez, 2007
- Brachionus asplanchnoidis Charin, 1947
- Brachionus austrogenitus Ahlstrom, 1940
- Brachionus baylyi Sudzuki & Timms, 1977
- Brachionus bennini Leissling, 1924
- Brachionus bidentatus Anderson, 1889
- Brachionus budapestinensis Daday, 1885
- Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766
- Brachionus caudatus Barrois & Daday, 1894
- Brachionus charini Kutikova, Kosova & Khodorevsky, 1976
- Brachionus chelonis Ahlstrom, 1940
- Brachionus dichotomus Shephard, 1911
- Brachionus dimidiatus Bryce, 1931
- Brachionus diversicornis (Daday, 1883)
- Brachionus dolabratus Harring, 1914
- Brachionus donneri Brehm, 1951
- Brachionus dorcas Gosse, 1851
- Brachionus durgae Dhanapathi, 1974
- Brachionus elevatus Michaloudi, Papakostas, Stamou & al., 2018
- Brachionus falcatus Zacharias, 1898
- Brachionus fernandoi Michaloudi, Papakostas, Stamou & al., 2018
- Brachionus forficula Wierzejski, 1891
- Brachionus gessneri Hauer, 1956
- Brachionus gillardi Hauer, 1966
- Brachionus havanaensis Rousselet, 1911
- Brachionus huangi Zhuge & Koste, 1996
- Brachionus ibericus Ciros-Pérez, Gómez & Serra, 2001
- Brachionus incertus Hauer, 1953
- Brachionus josefinae Silva-Briano & Segers, 1992
- Brachionus keikoa Koste, 1979
- Brachionus koreanus Hwang, Dahms, Park & Lee, 2013
- Brachionus kostei Shiel, 1983
- Brachionus kultrum Paggi, 1981
- Brachionus leydigii Cohn, 1862
- Brachionus lyratus Shephard, 1911
- Brachionus macrocanthus Jakubski, 1912
- Brachionus manjavacas Fontaneto, Giordani, Melone & Serra, 2007
- Brachionus mirabilis Daday, 1897
- Brachionus mirus Daday, 1905
- Brachionus murphyi Sudzuki, 1989
- Brachionus nilsoni Ahlstrom, 1940
- Brachionus novaezealandiae Morris, 1913
- Brachionus paranguensis Guerrero-Jimenez et al., 2019
- Brachionus pinneenaus Koste & Shiel, 1983
- Brachionus plicatilis Müller, 1786
- Brachionus postcurvatus Kuczynski, 1991
- Brachionus pseudodolabratus Ahlstrom, 1940
- Brachionus pseudonilsoni Sudzuki, 1992
- Brachionus pterodinoides Rousselet, 1913
- Brachionus quadridentatus Hermann, 1783
- Brachionus rotundiformis Tschugunoff, 1921
- Brachionus rubens Ehrenberg, 1838
- Brachionus satanicus Rousselet, 1911
- Brachionus schwoerbeli Koste, 1988
- Brachionus sericus Rousselet, 1907
- Brachionus sessilis Varga, 1951
- Brachionus spatiosus Rousselet, 1912
- Brachionus srisumonae Segers, Kotethip & Sanoamuang, 2004
- Brachionus urceolaris Müller, 1773
- Brachionus variabilis Hempel, 1896
- Brachionus zahniseri Ahlstrom, 1934
Use
Rotifers such as Brachionus calyciflorus are favored test animals in aquatic toxicology because of their sensitivity to most toxicants. They also are used as model organisms in various other biological fields e.g. due to their interesting reproductive mode in evolutionary ecology. Brachionus spp. are easily reared in large numbers and because of this are used to substitute for wild zooplankton for feeding hatchery reared larval fish. However, the composition of rotifers generally does not satisfy the nutritional requirements of fish larvae,[2] and large amounts of research have been invested in improving the lipid, vitamin and mineral composition of rotifers to better meet the requirements of fish larvae[3][4][5]
Reproduction
Brachionus species can normally reproduce sexually and asexually (cyclical parthenogenesis). Sexual reproduction (termed Mixis) is usually induced when population density increases. Mixis in Brachionus plicatilis has been shown to be induced by a density-dependent chemical cue.[6]
Transitions to obligate parthenogenesis have been described in Brachionus calyciflorus. In this species, obligate parthenogenesis can be inherited by a recessive allele, which leads to loss of sexual reproduction in homozygous offspring.[7][8] In Brachionus manjavacas rotifers, offspring's survival and its cell's ability to growth and division decrease with advancing age of mother.[9]
Genome size
Haploid '1C' genome sizes in Brachionus species range at least from 0.056 to 0.416 pg.[10]
Genome sequencing
The complete mitochondrial genome of B. plicatilis sensu stricto NH1L has been sequenced.[11]
Cryptic species
Brachionus plicatilis has been demonstrated to be a large cryptic species complex consisting of several different species.[12] It has a worldwide diversity of at least 14 - 22 cryptic taxa.[13][14]
Brachionus calyciflorus also seems to be a cryptic species complex.[15]
References
- ^ Segers, H. (2025). "Brachionus". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
- ^ HAMRE, K.; SRIVASTAVA, A.; RØNNESTAD, I.; MANGOR-JENSEN, A.; STOSS, J. (2008). "Several micronutrients in the rotifer Brachionus sp. may not fulfil the nutritional requirements of marine fish larvae". Aquaculture Nutrition. 14 (1): 51–60. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00504.x.
- ^ Penglase, S; Hamre, K.; Sweetman, J.; Nordgreen, A (2011). "A new method to increase and maintain the concentration of selenium in rotifers (Brachionus spp.)". Aquaculture. 315 (1–2): 144–153. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.09.007.
- ^ Dhert, Phillippe; Geert Rombautb; Gede Suantikaa; Patrick Sorgeloos (2001). "Advancement of rotifer culture and manipulation techniques in Europe". Aquaculture. 200 (1–2): 129–146. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.459.1191. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00697-4.
- ^ Nordgreen, A; Penglase, S.; Hamre, K. (2013). "Increasing the levels of the essential trace elements Se, Zn, Cu and Mn in rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) used as live feed". Aquaculture. 380–383: 120–129. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.11.032. hdl:1956/9773.
- ^ Induction of sexual reproduction in Brachionus plicatilis (Monogononta, Rotifera) by a density-dependent chemical cue CP Stelzer, TW Snell - Limnology and Oceanography, 2003
- ^ C.-P. Stelzer, J. Schmidt, A. Wiedlroither, and S. Riss (2010). Loss of Sexual Reproduction and Dwarfing in a Small Metazoan. PLoS ONE 5(9): e12854. [1]
- ^ Scheuerl, T., Riss, S., Stelzer, C.P. (2011). Phenotypic effects of an allele causing obligate parthenogenesis in a rotifer. Journal of Heredity 102(4): 409-415. http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/esr036?ijkey=94jzFn7JvmYfQyM&keytype=ref
- ^ Hernández, Christina M.; Daalen, Silke F. van; Caswell, Hal; Neubert, Michael G.; Gribble, Kristin E. (2020-06-29). "A demographic and evolutionary analysis of maternal effect senescence". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (28): 16431–16437. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919988117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7368264. PMID 32601237.
- ^ Stelzer, C.P., Riss, S., Stadler, P. (2011) Genome size evolution at the speciation level: The cryptic species complex Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera) BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: 90. [2]
- ^ Koushirou Suga, David B. Mark Welch, Yukari Tanaka, Yoshitaka Sakakura, and Atsushi Hagiwara (2008). Two Circular Chromosomes of Unequal Copy Number Make Up the Mitochondrial Genome of the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Mol Biol Evol (2008) 25(6): 1129-1137
- ^ Gomez, A; et al. (2002). "Speciation in ancient species complexes: evidence from the molecular phylogeny of Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera)". Evolution. 56 (7): 1431–1444. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01455.x. PMID 12206243.
- ^ Extreme levels of hidden diversity in microscopic animals (Rotifera) revealed by DNA taxonomy D Fontaneto, M Kaya, EA Herniou… - Molecular Phylogenetics …, 2009 - Elsevier
- ^ Diversity of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis species complex (Rotifera: Monogononta) in Iran through integrative taxonomy Reza Malekzadeh-Viayeh1,*, Razieh Pak-Tarmani1, Nasim Rostamkhani2 and Diego Fontaneto3 Article first published online: 7 JAN 2014 DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12106
- ^ Brachionus calyciflorus is a species complex: mating behavior and genetic differentiation among four geographically isolated strains JJ Gilbert, EJ Walsh - Rotifera X, 2005 - Springer
Huang, L. "Effectof Aldrin on Life History Characteristics of Rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas." Bull Environ Contam Toxicol no5 N 2007