Ailuravus Temporal range: 48.6–37.2 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Ailuravus macrurus skeleton
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Suborder:	Sciuromorpha
Infraorder:	Protrogomorpha
Family:	†Ischyromyidae
Subfamily:	†Ailuravinae
Genus:	†Ailuravus Rütimeyer, 1891
Species
Ailuravus macrurus Weitzel, 1949 Ailuravus michauxi Ailuravus mitchelli Ailuravus picteti Ailuravus stehlinschaubi

Ailuravus is a genus of prehistoric rodents in the family Ischyromyidae.

Ailuravus macrurus ("big-tailed cat-ancestor") was a primitive, squirrel-like rodent, one of the earliest known rodents, from the Messel pit Lagerstätte, in Germany. It lived during the Eocene of Europe, in forests, and may have been arboreal.^{[citation needed]}

• "†Ailuravus Rütimeyer 1891 (rodent)". Fossilworks. Gateway to the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 1 July 2019.^{[dead link]}
• "†subfamily Ailuravinae Michaux 1968 (rodent)". Fossilworks. Gateway to the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 1 July 2019.^{[dead link]}
• "†family Ischyromyidae Alston 1876 (rodent)". Fossilworks. Gateway to the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 1 July 2019.^{[dead link]}