One of the first of the modern generation of realistic dolls

A sex doll (also, joy toy, love doll, fuck doll or blowup doll) is an anthropomorphic sex toy in the size and shape of a sexual partner. The sex doll may consist of an entire body, or just a head, pelvis, or other body part (vagina, anus, mouth, penis, breasts) intended for sexual stimulation. Sex dolls are made from various materials like silicone, TPE (thermoplastic elastomer), or rubber to replicate a lifelike feel. These materials are selected for their durability and realistic texture, enhancing the overall experience for users. The parts sometimes vibrate and may be moveable and interchangeable. Sex dolls exist in many forms, but are usually distinguished from sex robots, which are anthropomorphic creations designed to be able to engage in more complex interactions.[citation needed]

History

Sex doll in Sex Machines Museum, Prague

Sex dolls first appeared as consumer goods sold in France, beginning in the 1850s through rubber goods magazines as "rubber women" (femmes en caoutchouc).[1]: 115–116  These early sex dolls emerged from European and American industry during the 1800s Brazilian rubber boom, alongside the invention of vulcanized rubber.[1]: 117–118  The first documented appearance of these rubber sex dolls is in an article from French newspaper Le Figaro reporting from an exhibition of American rubber products at the 1855 world's fair.[1]: 132–133  These goods were heavily criminalized, along with other sex toys produced in France at the time, and thus were produced and sold in small quantities at high cost.[1]: 124–126 

Most longstanding myths of sex dolls' origin largely stem from one of the earliest recorded appearances of manufactured sex dolls in academic literature, which dates to 1908, in Iwan Bloch's The Sexual Life of Our Time.[1]: 67–70  Bloch wrote:

Contemporary commercial forms

Cheaper sex dolls are inflatable, using air. These dolls, representing the lowest price range (less than US$75), are usually made of welded vinyl and bear only a passing resemblance to actual people. They have an artificial and typically crudely designed vagina or penis, but due to their affordability, many users are willing to overlook their shortcomings. They often burst at the seams after a few uses, although they are commonly given as gag gifts and therefore many may not be used at all. In Russia, for some years the Bubble Baba Challenge humorously featured participants river rafting on blowup dolls as a form of entertainment, but in 2013 the race was canceled on "health and safety" grounds.[14]

At the middle market price range ($100 to approximately $1,000), dolls are made of thicker vinyl or heavy latex without welded seams or a polyurethane and silicone mixture, typically surrounding a foam core. Most have plastic mannequin-style heads and styled wigs, plastic or glass eyes, and occasionally properly molded hands and feet. Some vinyl dolls can contain water-filled body areas such as the breasts or buttocks. Latex dolls were made in Hungary, China and France but only the French manufacturer Domax now remains in production. [citation needed]

The manufacturing process causes most latex dolls to be delivered with a fine coating of zinc oxide covering the skin, which is usually removed by the consumer by placing the doll under the shower. Otherwise, latex is an inert and non-toxic natural material; although a small percentage of users may discover a latex allergy.

The most expensive sex dolls (approximately $1,200 and up) are usually made from silicone (usually above $3,000 at 2016 prices) or thermoplastic elastomer known as TPE. As of 2023 pricing of the dolls on eBay ranges from $200 to $1000 for high quality full size full body TPE dolls. The most prevalent factors governing price are size, weight, and aesthetics. Pricing loosely follows $5 per pound. Some popular models beginning price at $500 have risen in price to as much as $1000. Scaled down size full body TPE mini dolls, full size torsos, and other body parts range in price from under $100 to $300. Dolls made of either material can be very lifelike, with faces and bodies modeled on real people in some instances, with realistic skin material (similar to that used for movie special effects), and with realistic (or even real) hair. These dolls usually have an articulated PVC or metal skeleton with flexible joints that allow them to be positioned in a variety of positions for display and for sexual acts. Silicone or TPE dolls are much heavier than vinyl or latex inflatable ones (which consist mostly of air), but are roughly half the weight of a real human being of comparable size.

Because of their ability to be posed in different positions silicone dolls are popular with artists and photographers as models.[15][16]

In Japan, sex dolls are known as "Dutch wives" (ダッチワイフ, datchi waifu), which now refers to relatively inexpensive dolls. Their name originates from the term, possibly English, for the thick rattan or bamboo bolster, used to aid sleep in humid countries by keeping one's limbs lifted above sweaty sheets. Orient Industry is considered to be the leading manufacturer of high-end silicone dolls in Japan,[17] which started using another term "love dolls" (ラブドール, rabu dōru) around 1998 to distinguish their dolls from the image of inflatable dolls associated with the term "Dutch wife".[18] The term has stuck and is now used generally to refer to any high-end product. One business, Doru no Mori (Doll Forest) in Tokyo, rents love dolls and rooms to male customers.[19][20] In March 2007 the Japanese daily Mainichi Shimbun newspaper reported that there are also rental businesses that bring the dolls to the customer's home, and that the specialist love-doll magazine i-doloid has a print-run of 10,000 copies per issue.[21]

The middle market and high-end market emerged in the US around 1992. The market has grown for two reasons. Firstly, the last twenty years have seen huge improvements over earlier types of sex dolls, as customers havecome to realize this through using the web. Secondly, the method of retail purchase has improved, now showing customers what the actual doll, seams, hair, and even orifices look like.

In China the market has mushroomed on account of the demographic effects of the one-child policy and accordingly numerous new Chinese manufacturers have appeared in recent years.[22]

Non-standard forms

In Japan one can purchase inflatable or stuffed love pillows or dakimakura that can be fitted with a cover printed with a life-size picture of a porn star or anime character. Other less common novelty love dolls include overweight, intersex, and alien dolls, which are usable for pleasure but also tend to be given as gag gifts.[citation needed]

Some companies manufacture cloth sex dolls using the same technology that is used to create plush toys. With widespread cultural use of the internet amongst younger generations, numerous forums exist for amateurs who create their own sex dolls from fabric or other materials. There are even mailing lists for discussing techniques and experiences with MLDs (material love dolls) [citation needed].

Some inflatable sex dolls are made in the form of animals, most notably sheep and cows. These dolls are more of a joke gift or party novelty and are often not suitable for sexual use.[citation needed]

New materials and technologies

Silicone dolls were at first made from tin-cure silicone but platinum technology has better longevity, less prone to tears and compression marks. For this reason, the "RealDoll" manufacturer reported switching from the tin to the platinum material in June 2009[23] and all other manufacturers have followed suit.[citation needed]

Since 2012 or so, a thermoplastic elastomer alternative known as TPE has come into common use particularly by Chinese manufacturers which have enabled realistic dolls to be made which are cheaper than those composed of the high quality expensive platinum cure silicone.[citation needed]

Matrix dolls used an elastic gel, which they claimed to be superior to silicone in elasticity, shape memory, and durability. Both this company and the company "First Androids" once offered pelvic thruster motor, audio capability, and heated orifices, though these options are no longer available. Several modern doll manufacturers now offer the last option on their silicone dolls, with the addition of an internal heating system.[citation needed]

Foam dolls have now become available from sEX Doll and SeeDree dolls, in hope of making Sex Dolls a lighter weight. Cloud Climax reports that they can be as low as 9 kg, whilst being a life-sized doll and that the heads are silicone for realism.[citation needed]

In 2019, the Israeli media reported on an incident where a European sex dolls company created a sex doll that is based on the Israeli model, Yael Cohen Aris, without her permission.[24] In 2020, the same story was further investigated and reported by Playboy,[25] and was mentioned in relation to Deepfake.[citation needed]

Austria

As prostitution is legalized and regulated, there are no legal restrictions concerning sex dolls in Austria and numerous brothels are offering sex dolls for clients. Although sex dolls originally started appearing in Austria around 1980, they gained popularity in 2017 when a brothel started offering sex doll services to clients.[26] This can be attributed to the fact that the dolls have become more realistic in recent years.[citation needed]

In addition to being able to have intercourse with the sex doll, some places allow clients to purchase sex dolls for themselves. One of the biggest laufhauses in Vienna offers sex in the laufhaus with dolls alongside real women.[citation needed]

According to brothel owners who offer sex dolls, the dolls are being properly cleaned after every session. Unprotected sex with sex dolls is also allowed, but it is not advised as there is no guarantee that the dolls are being cleaned after each client.[27]

Botswana

The importation of sex dolls for men has been banned in Botswana according to Section 178 of the Botswana Penal Code. The law further abolishes the right to "possess, lend, trade-in, export, import, and or exhibit obscene objects or any objects tending to corrupt morals in Botswana", which includes sex dolls.[28]

China

In China, it is legal to buy and use sex dolls. In 2020, sex doll experience halls appeared in many cities in China.[29]

Myanmar (Burma)

In Myanmar, it was highly publicly criticized on October 22, 2022, when people paid obeisance to two China-made silicone sex dolls as the two goddesses Thurathadi and Thiri Devi at the Shwedagon Pagoda. The dolls are owned by an alchemist named Inn Weizzamo. He bought the dolls from China for US$2,400 each, and worshiped them by dressing in royal clothes. On the same day, he was arrested for allegedly causing harm to Buddhism.[30]

The sayadaw Min Thunya (Buddhist University) says that "the act of worshiping two silicone sex dolls in the form of two noble goddesses is an insult to the religion. It's really shameful."[30]

South Korea

In 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court ruled to legalize the sale of sex dolls. The issue still remains controversial in the country.[31]

United Kingdom

It is illegal to import sex dolls that look like children into the United Kingdom, and the offence carries up to seven years[32] in prison under several acts, one of which is an 1876 customs act governing the importation of obscene articles.[33] However, the law is not specific on what constitutes a child sex doll and as such all sex dolls are technically illegal until decided otherwise by a border agent upon importation and inspection. The only guidelines known by vendors are to ensure the doll is taller than 140 centimetres (4 ft 7 in) and this can be observed on UK websites since dolls below this height are not available. Other factors that may affect the outcome of a case are the size of the breasts and subjective opinions about the age that the face appears.

United States

Sex dolls that look like children have been banned from Florida, Kentucky, Tennessee,[34] South Dakota, and Hawaii.[35]

Sex robots

In June 2006, Henrik Christensen of the European Robotics Research Network told the UK's Sunday Times that "people are going to be having sex with robots within five years."[36]

Reacting to the ongoing development of "sex robots" or "sexbots",[37] in September 2015, Kathleen Richardson of De Montfort University and Erik Billing of the University of Skövde created the Campaign Against Sex Robots, calling for a ban on the creation of anthropomorphic sex robots.[38][39][40][41] They argue that the introduction of such devices would be socially harmful, and demeaning to women and children.[39]

Debates over sex dolls and robots

The emergence of sex dolls and robots has raised ethical concerns and sparked debates among people. Some argue that they promote sexist objectification and should not be developed or used at all. Others suggest that, if designed ethically, sex robots can have positive effects on individual and social well-being. This would involve safeguarding advanced sentient robots with robocentric ethics and obtaining explicit consent for sexual interaction. Despite these considerations, ethical questions surrounding robot prostitution remain unresolved and continue to fuel debate.[42]

State of research

Compared to pornography for which thousands, and compared to sex robots for which dozens of scientific studies are available, sex dolls, their use and effects have been relatively little researched so far.[43] This is not surprising because sex dolls are a subtype of sex toys, and sex toys as material sexual objects are fairly under-researched in general.[citation needed]

Nevertheless, a systematic review from the year 2020 was able to identify 29 published academic studies on sex dolls.[44] These sex doll studies deal with the following five research questions:

  1. What are appropriate theoretical conceptualizations of sex dolls?
  2. How are sex dolls represented in art and media?
  3. What empirical findings on the use and effect of sex dolls are available through interviews, surveys or analyses of sex doll online forums?
  4. What therapeutic uses and effects of sex dolls are documented in clinical case studies?
  5. Should there be a legal regulation of child sex dolls, and if yes, why and how?

Overall, the current state of research shows that sex doll owners (so far, the majority are men) and their uses are diverse and that sex dolls can be associated with negative and positive effects.[44] Likewise, the available empirical studies with sex doll owners indicate that they do not only regard and treat their dolls as "sex" dolls, but sometimes also as "love" dolls or social companions.[45][46][47] A clinical case study explained how living with a doll helped a divorced man to overcome relationship trauma and get ready to approach real women again.[48] Psychological theories that can explain the human-doll relationship are, among others,[44] the theory of transitional objects[49] or the theory of parasocial interactions and relationships usually applied to media personas.[50]

In the 2023 study "Exploring the Psychological Characteristics and Risk-related Cognitions of Individuals Who Own Sex Dolls" the authors point out that there is concern that sex doll ownership increases negative social attitudes towards women and the risk of sexual offenses. However, the study found no scientific evidence for this, but rather that doll owners were less likely to commit sexually aggressive acts towards women. Doll owners also tended to view women as "unknowable" and tended to have lower self-esteem.[51]

In the BBC programme Desert Island Discs, aired since 1942 with little interruption, guests were also permitted to bring either a book or a "luxury" in addition to musical recordings. Several chose life-size dolls: Oliver Reed, Ronnie Scott (who settled instead for a saxophone), and Duncan Carse.[52]

The narrator of Italian writer Tommaso Landolfi's comedic short story "Gogol's Wife" describes several visits to the subject of his biography, Nikolai Gogol. At that renowned 19th century Russian writer's residence, the future biographer finds Gogol, referred to throughout as Nikolai Vassilevitch (his personal name and patronymic), with a life-size, anatomically correct blow-up doll. In later visits, via magical realism, the doll is described with more and more human attributes.[53]

Lars and the Real Girl, a 2007 American dramedy concerns the title character openly having a "relationship" with a RealDoll.

In another film, SottoCoperta, the protagonist, Matrona tries to spread the use of sex dolls in Naples in order to fight prostitution.

See also

References

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  2. ↑ Bloch, Iwan (2015) [1910]. The Sexual Life of Our Time in its Relations to Modern Civilization. Allied Book Company. p. 660. ISBN 978-1-4510-0357-4.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ferguson, Anthony. The Sex Doll: A History. McFarland, 2010. p. 9–23. ISBN 978-0-7864-4794-7
  4. 1 2 3 A History of Sex Dolls Archived 2023-09-21 at the Wayback Machine DollsClub.com. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
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  52. ↑ Carter, Miranda (9 June 2022). "My Castaway This Week". London Review of Books. 44 (11): 11. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  53. ↑ Landolfi, Tommaso (January 17, 1963). Gogol's Wife: & Other Stories. Norfolk, Connecticut: New Directions. ISBN 978-0-8112-0080-6. OCLC 345302. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

Bibliography

  • Alexandre, Elisabeth. Des Poupées et des hommes — enquete sur l'amour Artif. (2005). ISBN 2-84271-252-8 (Book is in French - 'Dolls and Men — Investigation into Artificial Love').
  • Dorfman, Elana. Still Lovers (2005). ISBN 0-9766708-1-X. (Female art/fashion photographer photographs men and their dolls).
  • Guys and Dolls: Art, Science, Fashion, and relationships. Royal Pavilion, Libraries, and Museums. (2005). (102-page catalog of a major exhibition at Brighton Museum and Art Gallery, England).
  • Moya, Cynthia Ann. (2006) "Artificial Vaginas and Sex Dolls: An Erotological Investigation." Dissertation, San Francisco, CA: Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality. Available in hardcopy Deprecated link archived 2012-12-08 at archive.today or CD-ROM Deprecated link archived 2012-12-09 at archive.today.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_doll