Nebuchadnezzar I[b] (/ˌnɛbjʊkədˈnɛzər/ NEB-yuu-kəd-NEZ-ər; Babylonian: mdNabû-kudurrī-úṣur (AN-AG-ŠA-DU-ŠIŠ)[i 2] or mdNábû-ku-dúr-uṣur,[i 3] meaning "Nabû, protect my eldest son" or "Nabû, protect the border"; reigned c. 1121–1100 BC) was the fourth king of the Second Dynasty of Isin and Fourth Dynasty of Babylon. He ruled for 22 years according to the Babylonian King List C,[i 2] and was the most prominent monarch of this dynasty. He is best known for his victory over Elam and the recovery of the cultic idol of Marduk.

Biography

He is unrelated to his later namesake, Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur II, who has come to be known by the Hebrew form of his name "Nebuchadnezzar." Consequently, it is anachronistic but not inappropriate to apply this designation retroactively to the earlier king, as he does not make an appearance in the Bible. He is misidentified in the Chronicle Concerning the Reign of Šamaš-šuma-ukin[i 4] as the brother of Širikti-šuqamuna probably in place of Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur I.[4] He succeeded his father, Ninurta-nādin-šumi, and was succeeded in turn by his son Enlil-nādin-apli, brother Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē and then nephew Marduk-šāpik-zēri, the only members of this family known to have reigned during the dynasty.

The Enmeduranki legend, or the Seed of kingship,[i 5] is a Sumero-Akkadian composition relating his endowment with perfect wisdom (nam-kù-zu) by the god Marduk and his claim to belong to a "distant line of kingship from before the flood" and to be an "offspring of Enmeduranki, king of Sippar." It begins with a lament over preceding events:

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Previous scholarship assumed that Marduk-kabit-ahheshu, the founder of the second dynasty of Isin, ruled for the first years of his reign concurrently with the last Kassite king, but per Beaulieu (2018), more recent research suggests that this was not the case. Nebuchadnezzar I has previously been dated to about 1125–1104 BC, with 1121–1100 BC being Beaulieu's revised dates.[2]
  2. ↑ "In some passages of the Bible, the name is given, mistakenly, with an 'n' in place of the 'r', as Nebuchadnezzan."[3]
  3. ↑ da-mi-iq-ti is-si-ma le-mu-ut-tu sad-rat.
  4. ↑ KUR.MAR.TU.KI.

References

Primary sources

  1. 1 2 Kudurru BM 90858, BBSt 6 grant to LAK-ti Marduk.
  2. 1 2 Babylonian King List C, 4
  3. ↑ Synchronistic King List, tablet excavation number Ass. 14616c (KAV 216), ii 15.
  4. ↑ Šamaš-šuma-ukin Chronicle (ABC 15), tablet BM 96273.
  5. ↑ The seed of kingship tablet K 4874.
  6. ↑ Stone tablet BM 92987, BBSt 24 7-12.
  7. ↑ Marduk Prophecy tablet K. 2158+.
  8. ↑ K.3426 (published as CT 13 48).
  9. ↑ The Hymn to Marduk, DT 71.
  10. ↑ Tablet K.2660, 3R 38.
  11. ↑ Tablet BM 99067 K 3444, duplicated as K 3317 K 3319 K 5190 BM 35000.
  12. ↑ Synchronistic History, tablets K4401a + Rm 854, ii 1–13.
  13. ↑ Synchronistic King List 2-3 (KAV 12).
  14. ↑ The Hinke Kudurru year 16.
  15. ↑ Chronicle of Market Prices (ABC 23), BM 48498, line 13.
  16. ↑ W 20030,7 the Seleucid List of Sages and Scholars, recovered from Anu's Bīt Rēš temple during the 1959/60 excavation.

Secondary sources

  1. ↑ "boundary-stone; kudurru British Museum". The British Museum.
  2. ↑ Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2018). A History of Babylon, 2200 BC - AD 75. Pondicherry: Wiley. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-1405188999.
  3. ↑ Asimov, Isaac (1968). The Near East. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. p. 62.
  4. ↑ A. K. Grayson (1975). Assyrian and Babylonian chronicles. J. J. Augustin. p. 231.
  5. ↑ P. Pitkanen (2004). Central Sanctuary and Centralization of Worship in Ancient Israel. Gorgias Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-4632-0368-9.
  6. ↑ Nielsen, John (2012). "Nebuchadnezzar I's Eastern Front". The Ancient Near East in the 12th-10th Centuries BCE: Culture and History, AOAT. 392: 401–411.
  7. ↑ D. J. Wiseman (1975). "XXXI: Assyria and Babylonia, c. 1200-1000 BC". In I. E. S. Edwards (ed.). Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region, c. 1380-1000 BC. Cambridge University Press. pp. 454–457.
  8. ↑ Benjamin R. Foster (2009). "Akkadian Literature". In Carl S. Ehrlich (ed.). From an antique land: an introduction to ancient Near Eastern literature. Rowman and Littlefield. p. 200.
  9. ↑ J. J. M. Roberts (2002). The Bible and the Ancient Near East: Collected Essays. Eisenbrauns. pp. 83–92.
  10. ↑ Darabi, Yuval, "The Retrieval of Marduk’s Statue by Nebuchadnezzar I: A Historical Reappraisal", Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-21, 2026
  11. ↑ A. K. Grayson (1972). Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, Volume 1. Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 147–153. ISBN 9783447013826.
  12. 1 2 J. A. Brinkman (2001). "Nebukadnezar I". In Erich Ebeling; Bruno Meissner; Dietz Otto Edzard (eds.). Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Nab – Nuzi. Walter De Gruyter Inc. pp. 192–194.
  13. ↑ William John Hinke (1907). "From Nippur". A New Boundary Stone of Nebuchadrezzar I. University of Pennsylvania. pp. 142–155. ISBN 9781512812336. JSTOR j.ctv5138jw. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  14. ↑ Alan Lenzi (2008). "The Uruk List of Kings and Sages and Late Mesopotamian Scholarship". Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions. 8 (2): 137–169. doi:10.1163/156921208786611764.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_I